Modelización bajo el enfoque de dinámica de sistemas de una cadena de abastecimiento para la industria vitivinícola

El proyecto de tesis denominado “Modelización bajo el enfoque de dinámica de sistemas de una cadena de abastecimiento para la industria vitivinícola” busca construir un modelo que aporte una solución óptima al problema logístico encontrado en la cadena de suministro, para que empresas nacionales o internacionales que tengan un funcionamiento similar al del sistema estudiado, puedan tomarlo como ejemplo o referencia. Así mismo, esta investigación pretende encontrar los problemas más frecuentes en cadenas de este tipo con el fin de construir un marco conceptual y teórico fundamentado en la Teoría General de Sistemas (TGS) que genere finalmente un modelo basado en la dinámica de sistemas el cual permitirá a las empresas diseñar y comparar las diferentes intervenciones derivadas del modelo que propicien la generación de capacidades dirigidas al logro de la competitividad de forma perdurable.

Contribución a la crítica, la metodología matemática y la didáctica de la mecánica.

Profundizar en el conocimiento de métodos matemáticos de la Mecánica y mejorar su didáctica . Se divide en ocho capítulos más el que se dedica a notas. La introducción es un bosquejo histórico crítico de las tres formulaciones de la dinámica: Newtoniana, Lagrangiana y Hamiltoniana. El capítulo segundo presenta resultados originales sobre los pequeños movimientos en torno a la curva más baja de una superficie. El capítulo tercero demuestra cómo se puede construir un péndulo esférico en rotación equivalente a cualquier péndulo sobre una superficie de revolución. El cuarto demuestra que es posible construir un péndulo esférico en rotación que reproduzca el péndulo de Foucalt por procedimientos eléctricos. En el quinto se expone la teoría de las oscilaciones de un sistema holónomo con dos grados de libertad y en el sexto la mecánica analítica de hilos a partir de un principio variacional. En el séptimo se resuelven, por las ecuaciones de Newton y Lagrange, dos sistemas mecánicos no lineales. El octavo estudia las oscilaciones no lineales de un punto material sobre una recta cuando la fuerza es sólo función de la posición. Finalmente, en el capítulo de notas se proporciona una amplia información y justificación de los formalismos empleados en la Tesis, incluyendo ejemplos y aplicaciones. Se obtienen algunos resultados nuevos en mecánica teórica y se aportan novedades originales sobre los métodos matemáticos de la mecánica, que aportan mejoras en la didáctica de la mecánica.

Valoraciones del profesorado del ??rea de Fresno (California Central) sobre la influencia de la tecnolog??a m??vil en el aprendizaje de sus estudiantes

Resumen basado en el de la publicaci??n

Atenci??n a la diversidad y desarrollo del talento en el aula : el modelo DT-PI y las tecnolog??as en la implantaci??n de la flexibilidad curricular y el aprendizaje al propio ritmo

Resumen basado en el de la publicaci??n

El modelo Flipped Learning y el desarrollo del talento en la escuela

Resumen basado en el de la publicaci??n

Nuestra biblioteca : un lugar de encuentro y aprendizaje

El trabajo obtuvo un premio de la Modalidad A de los Premios Tom??s Garc??a Verdejo a las buenas pr??cticas educativas en la Comunidad Aut??noma de Extremadura para el curso 2011-2012

4-Hydroxynonenal, an endogenous aldehyde, causes pain and neurogenic inflammation through activation of the irritant receptor TRPA1

TRPA1 is an excitatory ion channel expressed by a subpopulation of primary afferent somatosensory neurons that contain substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide. Environmental irritants such as mustard oil, allicin, and acrolein activate TRPA1, causing acute pain, neuropeptide release, and neurogenic inflammation. Genetic studies indicate that TRPA1 is also activated downstream of one or more proalgesic agents that stimulate phospholipase C signaling pathways, thereby implicating this channel in peripheral mechanisms controlling pain hypersensitivity. However, it is not known whether tissue injury also produces endogenous proalgesic factors that activate TRPA1 directly to augment inflammatory pain. Here, we report that recombinant or native TRPA1 channels are activated by 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE), an endogenous alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehyde that is produced when reactive oxygen species peroxidate membrane phospholipids in response to tissue injury, inflammation, and oxidative stress. HNE provokes release of substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide from central (spinal cord) and peripheral (esophagus) nerve endings, resulting in neurogenic plasma protein extravasation in peripheral tissues. Moreover, injection of HNE into the rodent hind paw elicits pain-related behaviors that are inhibited by TRPA1 antagonists and absent in animals lacking functional TRPA1 channels. These findings demonstrate that HNE activates TRPA1 on nociceptive neurons to promote acute pain, neuropeptide release, and neurogenic inflammation. Our results also provide a mechanism-based rationale for developing novel analgesic or anti-inflammatory agents that target HNE production or TRPA1 activation.

Cox-dependent fatty acid metabolites cause pain through activation of the irritant receptor TRPA1.

Prostaglandins (PG) are known to induce pain perception indirectly by sensitizing nociceptors. Accordingly, the analgesic action of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) results from inhibition of cyclooxygenases and blockade of PG biosynthesis. Cyclopentenone PGs, 15-d-PGJ(2), PGA(2), and PGA(1), formed by dehydration of their respective parent PGs, PGD(2), PGE(2), and PGE(1), possess a highly reactive alpha,beta-unsaturated carbonyl group that has been proposed to gate the irritant transient receptor potential A1 (TRPA1) channel. Here, by using TRPA1 wild-type (TRPA1(+/+)) or deficient (TRPA1(-/-)) mice, we show that cyclopentenone PGs produce pain by direct stimulation of nociceptors via TRPA1 activation. Cyclopentenone PGs caused a robust calcium response in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons of TRPA1(+/+), but not of TRPA1(-/-) mice, and a calcium-dependent release of sensory neuropeptides from the rat dorsal spinal cord. Intraplantar injection of cyclopentenone PGs stimulated c-fos expression in spinal neurons of the dorsal horn and evoked an instantaneous, robust, and transient nociceptive response in TRPA1(+/+) but not in TRPA1(-/-) mice. The classical proalgesic PG, PGE(2), caused a slight calcium response in DRG neurons, increased c-fos expression in spinal neurons, and induced a delayed and sustained nociceptive response in both TRPA1(+/+) and TRPA1(-/-) mice. These results expand the mechanism of NSAID analgesia from blockade of indirect nociceptor sensitization by classical PGs to inhibition of direct TRPA1-dependent nociceptor activation by cyclopentenone PGs. Thus, TRPA1 antagonism may contribute to suppress pain evoked by PG metabolites without the adverse effects of inhibiting cyclooxygenases.

Cigarette smoke-induced neurogenic inflammation is mediated by α,β-unsaturated aldehydes and the TRPA1 receptor in rodents

Cigarette smoke (CS) inhalation causes an early inflammatory response in rodent airways by stimulating capsaicin-sensitive sensory neurons that express transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily V, member 1 (TRPV1) through an unknown mechanism that does not involve TRPV1. We hypothesized that 2 alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehydes present in CS, crotonaldehyde and acrolein, induce neurogenic inflammation by stimulating TRPA1, an excitatory ion channel coexpressed with TRPV1 on capsaicin-sensitive nociceptors. We found that CS aqueous extract (CSE), crotonaldehyde, and acrolein mobilized Ca2+ in cultured guinea pig jugular ganglia neurons and promoted contraction of isolated guinea pig bronchi. These responses were abolished by a TRPA1-selective antagonist and by the aldehyde scavenger glutathione but not by the TRPV1 antagonist capsazepine or by ROS scavengers. Treatment with CSE or aldehydes increased Ca2+ influx in TRPA1-transfected cells, but not in control HEK293 cells, and promoted neuropeptide release from isolated guinea pig airway tissue. Furthermore, the effect of CSE and aldehydes on Ca2+ influx in dorsal root ganglion neurons was abolished in TRPA1-deficient mice. These data identify alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehydes as the main causative agents in CS that via TRPA1 stimulation mediate airway neurogenic inflammation and suggest a role for TRPA1 in the pathogenesis of CS-induced diseases.

Neurogenic responses mediated by vanilloid receptor-1 (TRPV1) are blocked by the high affinity antagonist, iodo-resiniferatoxin

(1) Stimulation of the vanilloid receptor-1 (TRPV1) results in the activation of nociceptive and neurogenic inflammatory responses. Poor specificity and potency of TRPV1 antagonists has, however, limited the clarification of the physiological role of TRPV1. (2) Recently, iodo-resiniferatoxin (I-RTX) has been reported to bind as a high affinity antagonist at the native and heterologously expressed rat TRPV1. Here we have studied the ability of I-RTX to block a series of TRPV1 mediated nociceptive and neurogenic inflammatory responses in different species (including transfected human TRPV1). (3) We have demonstrated that I-RTX inhibited capsaicin-induced mobilization of intracellular Ca(2+) in rat trigeminal neurons (IC(50) 0.87 nM) and in HEK293 cells transfected with the human TRPV1 (IC(50) 0.071 nM). (4) Furthermore, I-RTX significantly inhibited both capsaicin-induced CGRP release from slices of rat dorsal spinal cord (IC(50) 0.27 nM) and contraction of isolated guinea-pig and rat urinary bladder (pK(B) of 10.68 and 9.63, respectively), whilst I-RTX failed to alter the response to high KCl or SP. (5) Finally, in vivo I-RTX significantly inhibited acetic acid-induced writhing in mice (ED(50) 0.42 micro mol kg(-1)) and plasma extravasation in mouse urinary bladder (ED(50) 0.41 micro mol kg(-1)). (6) In in vitro and in vivo TRPV1 activated responses I-RTX was approximately 3 log units and approximately 20 times more potent than capsazepine, respectively. This high affinity antagonist, I-RTX, may be an important tool for future studies in pain and neurogenic inflammatory models.

Ethanol elicits and potentiates nociceptor responses via the vanilloid receptor-1

The vanilloid receptor-1 (VR1) is a heat-gated ion channel that is responsible for the burning sensation elicited by capsaicin. A similar sensation is reported by patients with esophagitis when they consume alcoholic beverages or are administered alcohol by injection as a medical treatment. We report here that ethanol activates primary sensory neurons, resulting in neuropeptide release or plasma extravasation in the esophagus, spinal cord or skin. Sensory neurons from trigeminal or dorsal root ganglia as well as VR1-expressing HEK293 cells responded to ethanol in a concentration-dependent and capsazepine-sensitive fashion. Ethanol potentiated the response of VR1 to capsaicin, protons and heat and lowered the threshold for heat activation of VR1 from approximately 42 degrees C to approximately 34 degrees C. This provides a likely mechanistic explanation for the ethanol-induced sensory responses that occur at body temperature and for the sensitivity of inflamed tissues to ethanol, such as might be found in esophagitis, neuralgia or wounds.

Mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) Diversity of a Forest-Fragment Mosaic in the Amazon Rain Forest

To study the impact of Amazonian forest fragmentation on the mosquito fauna, an inventory of Culicidae was conducted in the upland forest research areas of the Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project located 60 km north of Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. The culicid community was sampled monthly between February 2002 and May 2003. CDC light traps, flight interception traps, manual aspiration, and net sweeping were used to capture adult specimens along the edges and within forest fragments of different sizes (1, 10, and 100 ha), in second-growth areas surrounding the fragments and around camps. We collected 5,204 specimens, distributed in 18 genera and 160 species level taxa. A list of mosquito taxa is presented with 145 species found in the survey, including seven new records for Brazil, 16 new records for the state of Amazonas, along with the 15 morphotypes that probably represent undescribed species. No exotic species [Aedes aegypti (L.) and Aedes albopictus (Skuse)] were found within the sampled areas. Several species collected are potential vectors of Plasmodium causing human malaria and of various arboviruses. The epidemiological and ecological implications of mosquito species found are discussed, and the results are compared with other mosquito inventories from the Amazon region.

Local and cardiorenal effects of periodontitis in nitric oxide-deficient hypertensive rats

Objective: In this study we have assessed the renal and cardiac consequences of ligature-induced periodontitis in both normotensive and nitric oxide (NO)-deficient (L-NAME-treated) hypertensive rats. Materials and methods: Oral L-NAME (or water) treatment was started two weeks prior to induction of periodontitis. Rats were sacrificed 3, 7 or 14 days after ligature placement, and alveolar bone loss was evaluated radiographically. Thiobarbituric reactive species (TBARS; a lipid peroxidation index), protein nitrotyrosine (NT; a marker of protein nitration) and myeloperoxidase activity (MPO; a neutrophil marker) were determined in the heart and kidney. Results: In NO-deficient hypertensive rats, periodontitis-induced alveolar bone loss was significantly diminished. In addition, periodontitis-induced cardiac NT elevation was completely prevented by L-NAME treatment. On the other hand L-NAME treatment enhanced MPO production in both heart and kidneys of rats with periodontitis. No changes due to periodontitis were observed in cardiac or renal TBARS content. Conclusions: In addition to mediating alveolar bone loss, NO contributes to systemic effects of periodontitis in the heart and kidney. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Gli studi italiani sulla regina Cristina di Svezia negli ultimi cinquant'anni

Queen Christina of Sweden (1626-1689)) is probably the most important individual to directly link the cultures of Sweden and Italy, and thus fascinate scholars over the last four centuries. In the last fifty years, research on and interest in this monarch has been particularly intense. This has led to current international scientific debate concerning all the different cultural expressions in which Queen Cristina was particularly involved. However, until now there has been lacking a comprehensive work to illustrate the development of scientific research in Italian on Queen Christina. This article, therefore, without claiming to be exhaustive, aims to fill this gap by identifying the main direction of current research. The article, after briefly introducing previous works (both Italian and Swedish), demonstrates how the first major renaissance of international studies on Queen Cristina took place in Sweden in the early 1960s. Even more important was the subsequent turning point in 1989, when the tercentenary of the death of Queen Christina was celebrated and the Azzolino Collection at the Biblioteca Comunale in Jesi was opened. The article focuses on the studies in Italian during this latter period. To make the exposition more organic and, importantly, more accessible to those readers interested in only one particular aspect of the scientific studies about Queen Christina, the studies in Italian since 1689 are divided into different subject areas.

Gestão do conhecimento em ambientes de teletrabalho

O presente estudo buscou verificar se há diferenças significativas na utilização de práticas e ferramentas voltadas à gestão do conhecimento, na opinião de trabalhadores presenciais e de teletrabalhadores. Para tanto, este estudo descritivo-quantitativo aplicou um questionário a 319 colaboradores, sendo 180 trabalhadores presenciais e 139 teletrabalhadores, todos atuantes em quinze empresas de porte médio ou grande da indústria de software no Brasil. Os resultados encontrados indicam que os teletrabalhadores pesquisados atestaram maior utilização de práticas e de ferramentas voltadas à gestão do conhecimento em suas rotinas de trabalho, em comparação aos trabalhadores presenciais analisados na pesquisa.