Animales sueltos en los espacios públicos : una lectura para El torito de los Muchachos

En El Torito de los Muchachos aparece, desde el título mismo, un despliegue de figuras animales, las cuales se exponen sostenidas en el concepto de enemigo, de fuerte connotación para la situación política del contexto de publicación del periódico. Al mismo tiempo, presenta la singularidad de que el uso de animalizaciones, tradicionalmente orientadas al no letrado, son aplicadas desde una voz plebeya y federal al sujeto que representa a la civilización y la ciudad, el unitario. El periódico escenifica una arena pública en sus páginas teniendo presente un público particular, sostenido en lecturas orales. En un marco de fusiones e intercambios entre la literatura y la prensa periódica, este trabajo propone una lectura para este periódico gauchesco.

Animales sueltos en los espacios públicos : una lectura para El torito de los Muchachos

En El Torito de los Muchachos aparece, desde el título mismo, un despliegue de figuras animales, las cuales se exponen sostenidas en el concepto de enemigo, de fuerte connotación para la situación política del contexto de publicación del periódico. Al mismo tiempo, presenta la singularidad de que el uso de animalizaciones, tradicionalmente orientadas al no letrado, son aplicadas desde una voz plebeya y federal al sujeto que representa a la civilización y la ciudad, el unitario. El periódico escenifica una arena pública en sus páginas teniendo presente un público particular, sostenido en lecturas orales. En un marco de fusiones e intercambios entre la literatura y la prensa periódica, este trabajo propone una lectura para este periódico gauchesco.

Restrictions on Aliens in the United Kingdom, 1914-1919 : a Study of the Origins and Political Background of the Aliens Restrictions Acts of 1914 and 1919.

At first glance the Aliens Restriction Act of 1914, which was introduced and passed on the first day of World War One, seems a hasty and ill-prepared piece of legislation. Actually, when examined in the light of Arthur Marwick's thesis that war is a forcing house for pre-existent social and governmental ideas, it becomes clear that the act was not after all the product of hastily formed notions. In point of fact it followed the precedent of detailed draft clauses produced in 1911 by a sub-committee of the Committee of Imperial Defence established to consider the treatment of aliens in the event of war. Indeed the draft clauses and the restrictions embodied in the 1914 act were strikingly similar to restrictions on aliens legislated in 1793. Hostility to aliens had been growing from 1905 to 1914 and this hostility blossomed into xeno-phobia on the outbreak of war, a crucial precondition for the specifically anti-enemy fears of the time. In 1919 the Aliens Restriction (Amendment) Bill was introduced into parliament to extend temporarily the provisions of the 1914 act thus permitting the Home Secretary to plan permanent, detailed legislation. Two minority groups of MPs with extreme views on the treatment of aliens were prominent in the debates on this bill. The extreme Liberal group which advocated leniency in the treatment of aliens had little effect on the final form of the bill, but the extreme Conservative group, which demanded severe restrictions on aliens, succeeded in persuading the government to include detailed restrictions. Despite its allegedly temporary nature, the Aliens Restriction (Amendment) Act of 1919 was renewed annually until 1971.

Racism, nationalism and right-wing extremism online: The Austrian Presidential Election 2016 on Facebook

Thee 2016 Austrian presidential election saw a run-o between the Green party candidate Alexander Van der Bellen and the Freedom Party of Austria’s (FPÖ) far-right candidate Norbert Hofer. This paper asks: How did voters of Hofer express their support on Facebook? It presents the results of a qualitative ideology analysis of 6755 comments about the presidential election posted on the Facebook pages of FPÖ leader Heinz-Christian Strache and FPÖ candidate Hofer. The results reveal insights into the contemporary political role of the online leadership ideology, online nationalism, new racism online, the friend/enemy-scheme online, and online militancy. Right-wing extremism 2.0 is a complex problem that stands in the context of contemporary crises and demagoguery.

The magical transformation contest in the ancient storytelling tradition

El concurso de transformación mágica, esquema narrativo difundido en la tradición popular, se presenta en dos variantes principales: los hechiceros que compiten pueden metamorfosearse en varios seres o crear esos seres por medios mágicos. En cualquier caso el concursante ganador da a luz criaturas más fuertes que superan las de su oponente. La segunda variante fue preferida en el antiguo Cercano Oriente (Sumeria, Egipto, Israel). La primera se puede encontrar en algunos mitos griegos sobre cambiadores de forma (por ejemplo, Zeus y Némesis). El mismo esquema narrativo puede haber influido en un episodio de la Novela de Alejandro (1.36-38), en el que Darío envía regalos simbólicos a Alejandro y los dos monarcas enemigos ofrecen contrastantes explicaciones de ellos. Esta historia griega racionaliza el concurso de cuento de hadas, transfiriendo las fantásticas hazañas de creaciones milagrosas a un plano secundario pero realista de metáfora lingüística.

"Sub Tiberio quies"? Judaea’s Political Situation under the Prefects (6-41 c.e.), between Reality and Ideology

Deeply conflicting views on the political situation of Judaea under the Roman prefects (6-41 c.e.) have been offered. According to some scholars, this was a period of persistent political unrest and agitation, whilst according to a widespread view it was a quiescent period of political calm (reflected in Tacitus’ phrase sub Tiberio quies). The present article critically examines again the main available sources –particularly Josephus, the canonical Gospels and Tacitus– in order to offer a more reliable historical reconstruction. The conclusions drawn by this survey calls into question some widespread and insufficiently nuanced views on the period. This, in turn, allows a reflection on the non-epistemic factors which might contribute to explain the origin of such views.

La Comunità ebraica di Shanghai

The Jewish community in Shanghai was among the first to settle in the Treaty Ports which were opened after the Opium war. Jewish population grew until the rendition of the foreign settlements to the Chinese authorities, and its history broadly consists of three periods.The first Jews came to Shanghai in the XIX century were sephardits from Iraq and India. Among those emigrated to Shanghai following the expansion of the British commerce in China were such famous families as Sassoons, Hardoons and Kadoories.The second wave arrived with the White Russians exodus after the October Revolution; they were askanzits Jews who fled from pogroms and the Russian civil war. The third wave were Jews fleeing from central Europe in the 1930s. This group was the largest of the three.The first settlers saw Shanghai as a port of opportunities, while the others came there seeking refuge.The interwar Shanghai could offer protection and a temporary place of residence for Jewish people. In the 1920s and 1930s Jews coming to Shanghai were helped by local Jewish associations, which supported them in the search for accommodations and jobs. This net of associations was effective until WWII. The war, however, made them face increasing number of contraints. In this constrained situation we should remember that the Japanese authorities, occupying the International Settlement, imposed a ban for new Jewish arrivals to settle in the Hongkou district; while the French authorities under the Vichy government imposed a complete ban on Jewish residents in their concession. Finally, the Jewish immigration to Shanghai had stopped completely in 1942, because there were no more ways to get there.Japanese authorities, however, were not interested in applying the racial laws as their priority lay in the conquest of China. And although the Jews were in an enemy's territory, they were not persecuted. In fact, when the war was over they left Shanghai directly to the United States and Israel.

Stevens trial, May 12 - July 10, 1856, from Official Court records, 2nd District Court, Wash. Terr.

Prepared Feb. 17, 2001 by.Sherburne F. Cook, Jr. Proceedings of this trial are transcribed as they occurred on pp 112- 122, May 12- July 10, 1856.

Análisis, diseño y desarrollo de un videojuego en 2D vista lateral

[ES]En este proyecto se ha desarrollado un prototipo de un videojuego en 2D con perspectiva lateral. El juego es fundamentalmente un juego de peleas en el que se usa una pelota para combatir. El objetivo es derrotar al rival, consiguiendo que la pelota le golpee y evitando recibir golpes mediante el uso de los controles apropiados. Está ambientado en un mundo futurista y los combates tienen lugar en naves espaciales o planetas alienígenas. Para el desarrollo de este juego se ha empleado el motor de videojuegos Unity 5, además de recursos creados por la propia autora u obtenidos de diversas fuentes de contenido open-source.

Vorurteile und Feindbilder zwischen Israelis und Palästinensern durch Dialogarbeit überwinden?

Der folgende Beitrag beschreibt am Beispiel einer akademischen Begegnung mit Israelis und Palästinensern Dialogarbeit zur Überwindung von Vorurteilen und Feindbildern. Durch solche Begegnungen können monolithische Schwarz-Weiß-Denkstrukturen überwunden werden. Das Zuhören beim Erzählen persönlicher Lebensgeschichten kann Empathie auslösen und eigene monolithische "Narrative" in Frage stellen. Beim didaktischen Konzept solcher Dialogprozesse ist auf den Aspekt der Nachhaltigkeit besonderer Wert zu legen. (DIPF/Orig.)

La mesure alternative d’hostilité dans les relations de rivalité interacteur

Le présent travail explore le phénomène de la rivalité interétatique1 et les mesures de son intensité. Chacune des définitions existantes de la rivalité fait la lumière sur l’une de ses caractéristiques. La rivalité durable met l’accent sur la compétition militarisée, la rivalité stratégique accorde une importance particulière à la perception de l’ennemi, tandis que la rivalité interétatique est axée sur les questions autour desquelles la compétition se déroule. Ces visions différentes du phénomène de la rivalité laissent leur empreinte sur son opérationnalisation et sur le choix des paramètres visant à le capter. Nous réunissons ces trois interprétations dans une seule définition de rivalité interacteur, en proposant une nouvelle classification des actions hostiles, ainsi que la mesure alternative d’hostilité fondée sur la fréquence de ces dernières. Les quatre études de cas suivantes nous ont permis d’atteindre ces objectifs : les relations de rivalité entre l’Afghanistan et le Pakistan, entre l’Arménie et l’Azerbaïdjan, entre le Bélize et le Guatemala, ainsi qu’entre la Somalie et l’Éthiopie.

El derecho penal del enemigo en el código orgánico integral penal ecuatoriano. El ciudadano y no ciudadano. Mención terrorismo

La Teoría del Derecho Penal del Enemigo postula la existencia de un ordenamiento penal que distinga entre personas fieles al ordenamiento jurídico y aquellos que con su conducta demuestran una posición contraria al orden jurídico y tienen como fin la desestabilización del sistema estatal. La presente investigación está destinada al análisis de la Legislación Penal Ecuatoriana y su vinculación con la denominada doctrina penal a través del delito de terrorismo. En un primer momento realizaremos un análisis de la doctrina en mención, sus postulados y finalidades. Posterior a ello, describiremos el Constitucionalismo Garantista y Dignatario y su fuerte contradicción con los postulados del jurista alemán Gunther Jakobs, titular de la teoría del “Derecho Penal del Enemigo”. Finalmente analizaremos el tipo penal Terrorismo en relación con el Derecho Penal del Acto, junto al estudio y crítica del caso denominado “Los 10 de Luluncoto” a la luz de los Derechos Humanos.

Contrabando de guerra em Elvas durante a Primeira Guerra Mundial : (1914-1918)

O contrabando é uma actividade comercial ilícita que não tem uma origem definida, uma vez que, ultrapassa todas as fronteiras espaciais e temporais. No entanto, a partir do século XIX e ao longo do período da Primeira Guerra Mundial, o tema constitui uma das principais preocupações dos países Aliados. Nas Conferências de Haia (1899 e 1907) e Londres (1908-09), o conceito é discutido e são promulgadas listas com as mercadorias consideradas contrabando de guerra. Durante a Primeira Guerra Mundial é criado o bloqueio económico com o intuito de reprimir o contrabando e a circulação de mercadorias com destino ao inimigo. Esta dissertação de mestrado tem como principal objectivo compreender o significado, a importância e o impacto do contrabando num contexto local e inserido numa conjuntura de guerra e pós-guerra. Destacando os actores, as dinâmicas de resistência e repressão, assim como as relações entre o poder central, poder local e contrabandistas.

INFLUENCE OF A NATIVE INSECTARY PLANT, CHAMAECRISTA FASCICULATA (MICHX.) ON ORGANIC FIELD CORN AND ARTHROPOD COMMUNITIES

Increasing plant diversity in conventionally monoculture agrosystems has been promoted as a method to enhance beneficial arthropod density and efficacy, suppress herbivory and provide a range of ecosystem services. I investigated the pest suppressive potential and economic impact of plant diversification in organic field corn. The experiment consisted of two treatments, corn grown in monoculture (C) and bordered by strips of partridge pea (PP). Pest and natural enemy populations, corn damage, yield, and profits were compared among treatments. Natural enemy and herbivore arthropod populations were affected by treatment and distance from plot border. Corn damage due to pests was also affected by treatment and location, but did not significantly affect yield. Yield in monoculture plots was generally greater than in PP but did not result in greater profit. Pest and natural enemy arthropod abundances were elevated in partridge pea treatment borders, but these populations did not consistently diffuse into plot interiors. The potential causes and implications of findings are discussed.

Apoio aéreo nas operações de contrassubversão

O presente Trabalho de Investigação Aplicada está subordinado ao tema “Apoio Aéreo nas Operações de Contrassubversão”. O desenvolvimento tecnológico alterou o paradigma da guerra, passando de guerra clássica ou convencional para guerra irregular. Os beligerantes dos conflitos deixaram de ser exércitos convencionais e passaram a ser milícias, grupos criminosos e organizações terroristas. O foco de atuação é redirecionado para a população em vez de componente militar do Estado opositor. Os elementos das forças irregulares provocam elevadas baixas nas tropas terrestres. Para reduzir esse número de baixas, existe uma ferramenta eficaz ao dispor das forças terrestres, apoio aéreo. O Teatro de Operações do Afeganistão envolveu vários Países na luta contra a insurgência, implicando uso de diferentes meios e táticas para combater a ameaça. Com esta investigação, pretende-se enunciar o papel do apoio aéreo nas operações de contrainsurgência no Afeganistão. A presente investigação é baseada no método de abordagem do problema indutivo, tendo como estudo de caso o Teatro de Operações do Afeganistão. Com esta investigação conclui-se, que o apoio aéreo desempenha papel fundamental no apoio à manobra terrestre. É uma ferramenta versátil e tem um tempo de resposta reduzido. Pode ser utilizado nas operações ofensivas e para garantir proteção da força nos deslocamentos. Por fim, o apoio aéreo é um elemento relevante nas operações psicológicas, uma vez que, basta a sua presença para intimidar o inimigo.