(Table 1) Contents of chlorophyll a over the Northern Sea Route according to data of field measurements and estimated from MODIS data on measurement days

New maps of mean monthly distribution of chlorophyll and primary production in the Kara Sea were compiled using joint processing of CZCS (1978-1986), SeaWiFS (1998-2005), and MODIS (2002-2006) satellite data and field measurements. The annual primary production of phytoplankton is estimated at 22.3 x 10**6 t C per year or 70 mg C/m**2 per day. Results of calculations of the organic carbon budget in the Kara Sea are presented.

Silicon oxides as alignment surfaces for vertically-aligned nematics in photonic devices

A comparative study on alignment performance and microstructure of inorganic layers used for liquid crystal cell conditioning has been carried out. The study has focused on two specific materials, SiOx and SiO2, deposited under different conditions. The purpose was to establish a relationship between layer microstructure and liquid crystal alignment. The surface morphology has been studied by FESEM and AFM. An analysis on liquid crystal alignment, pretilt angle, response time, contrast ratio and the conditions to develop backflow effect (significant rise time increase due to pure homeotropic alignment) on vertically-aligned nematic cells has been carried out. A technique to overcome the presence of backflow has been identified. The full comparative study of SiOx and SiO2 layer properties and their influence over liquid crystal alignment and electrooptic response is presented.

Proyecto de ordenación territorial y plan general de desarrollo del municipio San José de Cusmapa en el contexto del proyecto "Aldeas del Milenio"

Proyecto de ordenación territorial y plan general de desarrollo del municipio San José de Cusmapa en el contexto del proyecto "Aldeas del Milenio"

A DIVERSIDADE RELIGIOSA NO ESPAÇO ESCOLAR ADVENTISTA DO ABCD PAULISTA

Tendo como pano de fundo a confessionalidade da rede adventista de educação presente de maneira marcante no espaço escolar e a intensa diversidade religiosa discente, esta pesquisa analisa a relação de possíveis tensões entre a confessionalidade escolar e a diversidade religiosa presente neste espaço. Leva em consideração o processo de modernidade causadora de importantes transformações na educação, na religião e na forma dos dois institutos se relacionarem. Levou-se em consideração o perfil socioeconômico e religioso dos alunos e possíveis tensões na recepção do religioso no espaço escolar adventista por parte dos discentes, inclusive por aqueles que se declaram adventistas. O espaço escolhido para esta pesquisa foi o de colégios adventistas localizadas no contexto do ABCD Paulista, que ofertam o Ensino Médio. Estas unidades escolares estão situadas nas cidades de Diadema, Santo André e São Caetano do Sul, cidades localizadas na mesma microrregião, mas com distintas realidades socioeconômicas

Diferencias obstétricas y neonatales entre mujeres autóctonas e inmigrantes

Objetivo: Identificar el perfil epidemiológico obstétrico y neonatal de las gestantes inmigrantes que parieron en el Hospital de Albacete durante los años 2004 y 2005. Material y métodos: Estudio descriptivo realizado en 1.322 mujeres, 661 inmigrantes y 661 autóctonas. Se seleccionaron variables sociodemográficas, obstétricas y neonatales para ambos colectivos. Se practicó un análisis multivariante para aislar el efecto neto de ser inmigrante en los resultados obstétricos y neonatales. Resultados: El número de partos en inmigrantes se incrementó un 29,5% y supusieron un 12,2% del total de mujeres. No presentan partos de mayor riesgo que las autóctonas. A diferencia de las autóctonas, son más jóvenes y multíparas, y utilizan menos la epidural. Conclusiones: El perfil epidemiológico de los resultados obstétricos y neonatales en inmigrantes es similar al de las autóctonas. El tipo de parto y el ingreso en pediatría no están condicionados por la nacionalidad. Ser joven y multípara son los principales factores de protección.

Proceso cuatrietápico de elección del turista

El objetivo de este trabajo consiste en proponer y testar un proceso de decisión anidado y jerárquico que siguen los turistas vacacionales en cuatro etapas: 1) salir (o no) de vacaciones; 2) elección de un viaje nacional vs. internacional; 3) elección de determinadas áreas geográficas; y 4) elección de la modalidad del viaje –multidestino o de destino fijo– en estas áreas. Este análisis permite examinar las distintas fases que sigue un turista hasta seleccionar una determinada modalidad de viaje en un zona geográfica concreta, así como observar los factores que influyen en cada etapa. La aplicación empírica se realiza sobre una muestra de 3.781 individuos, y estima, mediante procedimientos bayesianos, un Modelo Logit de Coeficientes Aleatorios. Los resultados obtenidos revelan el carácter anidado y no independiente de las decisiones anteriores, lo que confirma el proceso anidado y jerárquico propuesto.

Mechanical, electrical, and magnetic properties of Ni nanocontacts

The dynamic deformation upon stretching of Ni nanowires as those formed with mechanically controllable break junctions or with a scanning tunneling microscope is studied both experimentally and theoretically. Molecular dynamics simulations of the breaking process are performed. In addition, and in order to compare with experiments, we also compute the transport properties in the last stages before failure using the first-principles implementation of Landauer's formalism included in our transport package ALACANT.

Half of a yellow sun

A beautiful sweeping story of two sisters caught up in the events of the Nigerian civil war, ending in chilling violence which shocked the entire world.

Danske magazin.

Latest issue consulted: Bd. 50, 2. haefte (2008).

Zwitterionic and charge-balanced (polyampholyte) copolymer hydrogels

Zwitterionic compounds, or zwitterions, are electrically neutral compounds having an equal number of formal unit charges of opposite sign. In common polyzwitterions the zwitterionic groups are usually located in pendent groups rather than the backbone of the macromolecule. Polyzwitterions contain both the anion and cation in the same monomeric unit, unlike polyampholytes which can contain the anion and cation in different monomeric units. The use of cationic and anionic monomers (or monomers capable of becoming charged) in stoichiometric equivalent proportions produces charge-balanced polyampholyte copolymers. Hydrogel materials produced from zwitterionic monomers have been proposed for use and are used in many biomaterial applications but synthetic charge-balanced polyampholyte are less common. Certain properties of hydrogels which are important for their successful use as biomaterials, these include the equilibrium water content, mechanical, surface energy, oxygen permeability, swelling and the coefficient of friction. The zwitterionic monomer N,N-dimethyl-N-(2-acryloylethyl)-N-(3-sulfopropyl) ammonium betaine (SPDA) was synthesized with 2-hydroxyethly acrylate (HEMA) as the comonomer to produce a series of polyzwitterion hydrogels. To produce charged-balanced copolymer hydrogels two “cationic” monomers were selected; 2-(diethylamino) ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) and 3-(dimethylamino) propyl methacrylamide (DMAPMA) and an anionic monomer; 2-acrylamido 2,2 methylpropane sulphonic acid (AMPS). Two series’ of charge-balanced copolymers were synthesized from stoichiometric equivalent ratios of DMAEMA or DMAPMA and AMPS with HEMA as a terpolymer. The zwitterionic copolymer and both charge-balanced copolymers produced clear, cohesive hydrogels. The zwitterionic and charge-balanced copolymers displayed similar EWC’s along with similar mechanical and surface energy properties. The swelling of the zwitterionic copolymer displayed antipolyelectrolyte behavior whereas the charge-balanced copolymers displayed behaviour somewhere between this and a typical polyelectrolyte. This work describes some aspects of the polymerisation and properties of SPDA copolymers and charge-balanced (polyampholyte) copolymers relevant to their potential as biomedical / bioresponsive materials. The biomimetic nature of SPDA together with its compatibility with other monomers makes it a useful and complimentary addition to the building blocks of biomaterials.

Wideband-tuneable, nanotube mode-locked, fibre laser

Ultrashort-pulse lasers with spectral tuning capability have widespread applications in fields such as spectroscopy, biomedical research and telecommunications1–3. Mode-locked fibre lasers are convenient and powerful sources of ultrashort pulses4, and the inclusion of a broadband saturable absorber as a passive optical switch inside the laser cavity may offer tuneability over a range of wavelengths5. Semiconductor saturable absorber mirrors are widely used in fibre lasers4–6, but their operating range is typically limited to a few tens of nanometres7,8, and their fabrication can be challenging in the 1.3–1.5 mm wavelength region used for optical communications9,10. Single-walled carbon nanotubes are excellent saturable absorbers because of their subpicosecond recovery time, low saturation intensity, polarization insensitivity, and mechanical and environmental robustness11–16. Here, we engineer a nanotube–polycarbonate film with a wide bandwidth (>300 nm) around 1.55 mm, and then use it to demonstrate a 2.4 ps Er31-doped fibre laser that is tuneable from 1,518 to 1,558 nm. In principle, different diameters and chiralities of nanotubes could be combined to enable compact, mode-locked fibre lasers that are tuneable over a much broader range of wavelengths than other systems.

Közgazdaságtan vagy közgazdaság-tudomány? I. rész. A 20. század legfontosabb eredményei (Economics or Economic Science?)

A cikk alapvető kérdése: vajon tudomány-e a közgazdaságtan, és ha igen, akkor tekinthető-e önálló tudománynak. A választ az elmúlt század legfontosabb eredményeiből kiindulva keresi. A szerző arra a következtetésre jut, hogy napjaink főáramú közgazdasági elméletei nagyrészt Ramsey, Neumann és Haavelmo munkáira vezethetők vissza. Tudománnyá válását nagyban elősegítette a matematika és a természettudományok, főleg a fizika eredményeinek alkalmazása. Mindezt Roy E. Weintraub úgynevezett történeti-rekonstrukciós módszerével és Lakatos Imre racionális rekonstrukciója segítségével mutatja meg. / === / The fundamental question of this article is whether economics is a science, and if so, then can it be viewed as an independent science? The search for an answer begins with the most important economic results of the last century. The author comes to the conclusion that the mainstream economic theories of our times can be traced back to the works of Ramsey, Neumann and Haavelmo. e results of mathematics and natural sciences, especially physics greatly contributed to its emergence as a science. All this is proven by means of Roy E. Weintraub’s so called historical reconstruction and Imre Lakatos’ rational reconstruction methods.

La fraseología en el aula de E/LE: ¿un reto difícil de alcanzar? Una aproximación a la fraseodidáctica

En el presente artículo nos proponemos presentar una visión general de la fraseodidáctica, una disciplina relativamente nueva que, hoy en día, gracias a un considerable número de trabajos centrados en diferentes aspectos concernientes a la enseñanza de lenguas, se ha convertido en un campo de estudio independiente. Así pues, no solo explicaremos la definición del concepto fraseodidáctica, sino también su evolución y objetivos. Además, presentaremos los motivos por los cuales la fraseología debe contemplarse como una materia imprescindible e insoslayable en el aula de E/LE, así como indagaremos en diversas propiedades fraseológicas que dificultan tanto la labor del docente como el proceso discente. Finalmente, partiendo de las ideas desarrolladas, ofreceremos consideraciones metodológicas generales con interesantes implicaciones didácticas.

The cost of a minimum essential food basket in the Republic of Ireland: Study for six household types.

A Minimum Essential Standard of Living (MESL) is derived from a negotiated consensus on what people believe is a minimum standard. It is a standard of living that meets an individual’s or a household’s physical, psychological and social needs. This is calculated by identifying the goods and services required by different household types in order to meet their needs. While an MESL is based on needs, not wants, it is a standard of living below which nobody should be expected to live. This report focuses on food, one of the 16 elements of the Minimum Essential Standard of Living (MESL) data. It is based on a methodology called Consensual Budget Standards (CBS). The report is presented in the context of increasing concerns about the issue of food poverty in the Republic of Ireland (ROI) and an increase in the number of people reporting that they do not have enough money to buy food. Recent data from The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) have shown that the number of people believing they cannot afford food doubled from 4.2% in 2008 to 9% in 2014. Data from Eurostat show that in 2013, food and non-alcoholic beverage prices in Ireland were 17% higher than the EU average. Moreover, research by Carney and Maitre, using data from the Survey on Income and Living Conditions (SILC), found that one in ten people are living in food poverty in Ireland. Food poverty is defined as the inability to have an adequate and nutritious diet due to issues of affordability and access to food. This has related effects on health, culture and social participation. The 2013 data from the Survey on Income and Living Conditions (SILC) show that 1.4 million people, almost 31% of the population, suffer from deprivation. This means that they are unable to afford two items from a list of 11 very basic items (of which one is not being able to eat a meal with meat, chicken, fish or a vegetarian equivalent every second day). The highest levels of deprivation are experienced by lone parents (63%), unemployed people (55%) and people not at work because of illness or disability (53%). The experience of the Vincentian Partnership for Social Justice (VPSJ) is that expenditure on food tends to be one of the least important considerations when households are dealing with competing demands on an inadequate income. A Minimum Essential Standard of Living (MESL) is derived from a negotiated consensus on what people believe is a minimum standard. It is a standard of living that meets an individual’s or a household’s physical, psychological and social needs. This is calculated by identifying the goods and services required by different household types in order to meet their needs. While an MESL is based on needs, not wants, it is a standard of living below which nobody should be expected to live. This report focuses on food, one of the 16 elements of the Minimum Essential Standard of Living (MESL) data. It is based on a methodology called Consensual Budget Standards (CBS). The report is presented in the context of increasing concerns about the issue of food poverty in the Republic of Ireland (ROI) and an increase in the number of people reporting that they do not have enough money to buy food. Recent data from The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) have shown that the number of people believing they cannot afford food doubled from 4.2% in 2008 to 9% in 2014. Data from Eurostat show that in 2013, food and non-alcoholic beverage prices in Ireland were 17% higher than the EU average. Moreover, research by Carney and Maitre, using data from the Survey on Income and Living Conditions (SILC), found that one in ten people are living in food poverty in Ireland. Food poverty is defined as the inability to have an adequate and nutritious diet due to issues of affordability and access to food. This has related effects on health, culture and social participation. The 2013 data from the Survey on Income and Living Conditions (SILC) show that 1.4 million people, almost 31% of the population, suffer from deprivation. This means that they are unable to afford two items from a list of 11 very basic items (of which one is not being able to eat a meal with meat, chicken, fish or a vegetarian equivalent every second day). The highest levels of deprivation are experienced by lone parents (63%), unemployed people (55%) and people not at work because of illness or disability (53%). The experience of the Vincentian Partnership for Social Justice (VPSJ) is that expenditure on food tends to be one of the least important considerations when households are dealing with competing demands on an inadequate income. - See more at: http://www.safefood.eu/Publications/Research-reports/The-cost-of-a-healthy-food-basket.aspx#sthash.RiBpj5no.dpuf A Minimum Essential Standard of Living (MESL) is derived from a negotiated consensus on what people believe is a minimum standard. It is a standard of living that meets an individual’s or a household’s physical, psychological and social needs. This is calculated by identifying the goods and services required by different household types in order to meet their needs. While an MESL is based on needs, not wants, it is a standard of living below which nobody should be expected to live. This report focuses on food, one of the 16 elements of the Minimum Essential Standard of Living (MESL) data. It is based on a methodology called Consensual Budget Standards (CBS). The report is presented in the context of increasing concerns about the issue of food poverty in the Republic of Ireland (ROI) and an increase in the number of people reporting that they do not have enough money to buy food. Recent data from The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) have shown that the number of people believing they cannot afford food doubled from 4.2% in 2008 to 9% in 2014. Data from Eurostat show that in 2013, food and non-alcoholic beverage prices in Ireland were 17% higher than the EU average. Moreover, research by Carney and Maitre, using data from the Survey on Income and Living Conditions (SILC), found that one in ten people are living in food poverty in Ireland. Food poverty is defined as the inability to have an adequate and nutritious diet due to issues of affordability and access to food. This has related effects on health, culture and social participation. The 2013 data from the Survey on Income and Living Conditions (SILC) show that 1.4 million people, almost 31% of the population, suffer from deprivation. This means that they are unable to afford two items from a list of 11 very basic items (of which one is not being able to eat a meal with meat, chicken, fish or a vegetarian equivalent every second day). The highest levels of deprivation are experienced by lone parents (63%), unemployed people (55%) and people not at work because of illness or disability (53%). The experience of the Vincentian Partnership for Social Justice (VPSJ) is that expenditure on food tends to be one of the least important considerations when households are dealing with competing demands on an inadequate income. - See more at: http://www.safefood.eu/Publications/Research-reports/The-cost-of-a-healthy-food-basket.aspx#sthash.RiBpj5no.dpuf A Minimum Essential Standard of Living (MESL) is derived from a negotiated consensus on what people believe is a minimum standard. It is a standard of living that meets an individual’s or a household’s physical, psychological and social needs. This is calculated by identifying the goods and services required by different household types in order to meet their needs. While an MESL is based on needs, not wants, it is a standard of living below which nobody should be expected to live. This report focuses on food, one of the 16 elements of the Minimum Essential Standard of Living (MESL) data. It is based on a methodology called Consensual Budget Standards (CBS). The report is presented in the context of increasing concerns about the issue of food poverty in the Republic of Ireland (ROI) and an increase in the number of people reporting that they do not have enough money to buy food. Recent data from The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) have shown that the number of people believing they cannot afford food doubled from 4.2% in 2008 to 9% in 2014. Data from Eurostat show that in 2013, food and non-alcoholic beverage prices in Ireland were 17% higher than the EU average. Moreover, research by Carney and Maitre, using data from the Survey on Income and Living Conditions (SILC), found that one in ten people are living in food poverty in Ireland. Food poverty is defined as the inability to have an adequate and nutritious diet due to issues of affordability and access to food. This has related effects on health, culture and social participation. The 2013 data from the Survey on Income and Living Conditions (SILC) show that 1.4 million people, almost 31% of the population, suffer from deprivation. This means that they are unable to afford two items from a list of 11 very basic items (of which one is not being able to eat a meal with meat, chicken, fish or a vegetarian equivalent every second day). The highest levels of deprivation are experienced by lone parents (63%), unemployed people (55%) and people not at work because of illness or disability (53%). The experience of the Vincentian Partnership for Social Justice (VPSJ) is that expenditure on food tends to be one of the least important considerations when households are dealing with competing demands on an inadequate income. - See more at: http://www.safefood.eu/Publications/Research-reports/The-cost-of-a-healthy-food-basket.aspx#sthash.RiBpj5no.dpuf

Characterisation of a pleistocene debris-avalanche deposit in the Tenteniguada Basin, Gran Canaria Island, Spain

[EN] We studied a large debris-avalanche deposit of Pleistocene age in the Tenteniguada Basin, Gran Canaria Island, Spain. This deposit, which is well preserved because it is mostly covered by basanite lava flows, has distinctive matrix and block facies, hummocky topography and internal structures typical of debris avalanches. However, neither syneruptive lavas nor some characteristic features of volcanic debris-avalanche deposits, such as a stratovolcano edifice or a horseshoe-shaped crater, are present. The occurrence of internal features characteristic of volcanic avalanche deposits could be attributed to the volcanic materials involved in the movement rather than to the triggering of the avalanche during a volcanic eruption.