1000 resultados para Holcus lanatus L.


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The present paper describes a procedure to isolate volatiles from rock-rose (Cistus ladanifer L.) using simultaneous distillation–extraction (SDE). High-value volatile compounds (HVVC) were selected and the influence of the extraction conditions investigated. The effect of the solvent nature and extraction time on SDE efficiency was studied. The best performance was achieved with pentane in 1 h operation. The extraction efficiencies ranged from 65% to 85% and the repeatability varied between 4% and 6% (as a CV%). The C. ladanifer SDE extracts were analysed by headspace solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) followed by gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC-FID). The HS-SPME sampling conditions such as fiber coating, temperature, ionic strength and exposure time were optimized. The best results were achieved with an 85 µm polyacrylate fiber for a 60 min headspace extraction at 40ºC with 20% (w/v) of NaCl. For optimized conditions the recovery was in average higher than 90% for all compounds and the intermediate precision ranged from 4 to 9% (as CV %). The volatiles α-pinene (22.2 mg g−1 of extract), 2,2,6-trimethylcyclohexanone (6.1 mg g−1 of extract), borneol (3.0 mg g−1 of extract) and bornyl acetate (3.9 mg g−1 of extract) were identified in the SDE extracts obtained from the fresh plant material.

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Les méthodes modernes d’enseignement exigent de recréer le milieu de la langue étudiée, de faire parler les é¨ves dans des situations différentes. En Géorgie, €™enseignement de la langue étrangère s’effectue à partir de 6 ans, en même temps que celui de la langue maternelle. Les é¨ves apprennent à écrire en français après €™apprentissage de €™Ã©criture en géorgien. A €™Ã¢ge de 7-10 ans, ils connaissent déjà 3 alphabets différents : le géorgien, le latin et le cyrillique. €™objectif de cet article est de proposer une méthode qui pourra faciliter €™apprentissage du français aux non francophones grâce aux moyens audiovisuels qui sont très efficaces surtout au moment quand €™enfant ne sait ni lire, ni écrire en langue étrangère. Cependant, les moyens audiovisuels doivent être utilisés à des doses normales sans empêcher €™activité de €™Ã©¨ve.

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Os Países Africanos de ­ngua Oficial Portuguesa (P.A.L.O.P.'s), tal como a grande maioria de todo o continente africano, apresentam graves deficiências quanto a alfabetização das suas populações, tomando-se, assim, o ensino primário uma prioridade absoluta. De entre todas as limitações que existem ao nível dos respectivos sistemas educativos, talvez, a mais grave seja a fraca preparação científica e pedagógica que a maioria dos professores apresenta, para a©m, evidentemente, do seu reduzido número. Assim, a formação de professores tornou-se numa das apostas mais fortes dos P.A.L.O.P.'s, no campo da educação. Portugal, na área da cooperação com estes países, participa num Projecto de Consolidação dos Sistemas Educativos, no âmbito do qual desenvolve um programa de Acções de Formação de Formadores.

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Trabalho Final de Mestrado para obtenção do grau de mestre em Engenharia Química e Bio³gica

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Dissertação apresentada à Escola Superior de Comunicação Social como parte dos requisitos para obtenção de grau de mestre em Gestão Estratégica das Relações Públicas.

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Dissertação de Tese apresentada na Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Ecologia,Gestão e Modelação dos Recursos Marinhos

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Dissertação apresentada na Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa para obtenção de grau de Mestre em Bioenergia

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Relatório da Prática Profissional Supervisionada Mestrado em Educação Pré-Escolar

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Dissertação apresentada na Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova Lisboa para a obtenção de grau de Mestre em Bioenergia

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Sociedade e Território - Enjeux sociaux et transformations du territoire, Nº Especial, Lisboa, p. 53-56

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A radiometric assay system has been used to study oxidation patterns of (U-14C) L-amino acids by drug-susceptible and drug-resistant mycobacteria. Drug-susceptible M. tuberculosis (H37Rv TMC 102 and Erdman) along with the drug-resistant organism M. tuberculosis (H37 Rv TMC 303), M. bovis, M. avium, M. intracellulare, M. kansasii and M. chelonei were used. The organisms were inoculated into a sterile reaction system with liquid 7H9 medium and one of the (U-14C) L-amino acids. Each organism displayed a different pattern of amino acid oxidation, but these patterns were not distinctive enough for identification of the organism. Complex amino acids such as proline, phenylalanine and tyrosine were of no use in identification of mycobacteria, since virtually all organisms failed to oxidize them. There was no combination of substrates able to separate susceptible from resistant organisms.

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Hamster inoculated intraperitoneally with 1 x 10(7) parasites of L. donovani and L. major-like of the New World were studied in groups of 15, 30, 60 and 90 days of infection. The parasite load and density showed progressive increase with the evolution of the infection and was higher in the L. donovani groups than in the L. major-like groups. The L. major-like groups showed parasite density higher in the spleen than in the liver and was similar in both organs in L. donovani groups. The histopathology showed a diffuse marked hyperplasia and hypertrophy of the reticuloendothelial system with high parasitism in the L. donovani groups while there was focal involvement of these organs in L. major-like groups, forming nodules of macrophages that were scantly parasitised. The biological behaviour could be useful in the preliminary studies of Leishmania strain in regional laboratories and understanding the histopathology of lesions caused by different leishmania species.

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Thèse pour obtenir le grade de DOCTEUR DE L' UNIVERSITÉ PARIS XII, Discipline: Urbanisme Aménagement