Fazendo o caminho de volta: análise do exercício profissional dos assistentes sociais em emergência de grande porte do Rio de Janeiro

O trabalho que ora apresentamos tem como objetivo analisar o exercício profissional dos Assistentes Sociais em uma emergência de grande porte da cidade do Rio de Janeiro. A importância desta análise se inscreve na centralidade alcançada pela saúde na constituição da cidadania brasileira, após a Carta Constitucional de 1988. Este documento assegurou a saúde como direito de todos e dever do Estado, contudo a conjuntura política e econômica iniciada nos anos 90 e aprofundada nos anos 2000, capitaneada pela Contrarreforma do Estado, imporá limites à materialização da política de saúde preconizada pelo Sistema Único de Saúde, impossibilitando que esta seja implementada de acordo com a nova concepção. O que percebemos nos anos 2000 é uma política de saúde focalizada no atendimento emergencial, que abandonou a dimensão da prevenção e da promoção da saúde e que se distancia, progressivamente, do principio da universalidade. Neste contexto de adversidade e limitação do acesso e do atendimento se insere o Assistente Social. Nosso objetivo é delinear o exercício profissional, por nós analisado, a fim de identificar as possibilidades de materialização do projeto ético-político profissional em condições tão adversas e contrárias àquelas que nortearam a interlocução entre o Serviço Social e a saúde nos anos 80. Para tanto este trabalho busca oferecer elementos que nos permitam compreender não somente a dinâmica interna do Hospital por nós analisado, como também a política de saúde em sua totalidade, além de identificar as potencialidades da rede do entorno. Nessa perspectiva, buscamos compreender a dinâmica dos Conselhos de Saúde e a configuração adquirida por estes em tempos de restrição de direitos, sucateamento e desmonte da saúde pública. Nossos estudos indicam que possibilidades de atuação profissional congruentes com o Projeto Ético-Político Profissional estão colocadas na realidade, imiscuídas nas dificuldades impostas pela conjuntura e somente podem ser apreendidas sob a perspectiva de um trabalho coletivo em saúde.

Eficácia do treinamento físico virtual na dor lombar crônica inespecífica, equilíbrio corporal, autonomia funcional e humor de idosas: experimento controlado, randomizado e duplo cego

Atualmente novos métodos de exercício físico vêm sendo pesquisados no campo da promoção da saúde, prevenção e tratamento de doenças. Uma estratégia inovadora e com expressiva aceitação no meio científico é a utilização da tecnologia de realidade virtual nas sessões terapêuticas para pessoas com distúrbios neurológicos e treinamento preventivo contra quedas em idosos, apresentando resultados promissores, motivando novos desenhos de estudos nessa área, porém com indivíduos de características clínicas diferenciadas. O objetivo da presente dissertação é abordar a tecnologia de realidade virtual, assim como seus dispositivos, na avaliação do equilíbrio corporal e treinamento de idosos. O artigo de confiabilidade da medida faz uma abordagem inovadora da medida quantitativa da estabilidade corporal, sendo esta avaliada por um instrumento de baixo custo e validado em relação ao padrão-ouro. Nesse artigo concluiu-se que o instrumento testado apresenta confiabilidade. O experimento controlado e randomizado com duplo cegamento é apresentado no formato de artigo original, contendo um resumo, introdução, finalizada pelo objetivo do estudo, que esclarece o que será estudado; depois segue a parte de materiais e métodos que descreve a amostra, as intervenções, as avaliações das respostas dos participantes e a análise dos dados, mostrando como foi realizado o estudo; seguido dos resultados, discussão, conclusão e referências. Nesse experimento concluiu-se que o treinamento com realidade virtual foi capaz de melhorar a autonomia funcional de idosas para sentar.

Harmful algal blooms in coastal waters: options for prevention, control and mitigation

This report is the product of a panel of experts in the science of blooms of unicellular marine algae which can cause mass mortalities in a variety of marine organisms and cause illness and even death in humans who consume contaminated seafood. These phenomena are collectively termed harmful algal blooms or HABs for short. As a counterpart to recent assessments of the priorities for scientific research to understand the causes and behavior of HABs, this assessment addressed the management options for reducing their incidence and extent (prevention), actions that can quell or contain blooms (control), and steps to reduce the losses of resources or economic values and minimize human health risks (mitigation). This assessment is limited to an appraisal of scientific understanding, but also reflects consideration of information and perspectives provided by regional experts, agency managers and user constituencies during three regional meetings. The panel convened these meetings during the latter half of 1996 to solicit information and opinions from scientific experts, agency managers and user constituencies in Texas, Washington, and Florida. The panel's assessment limited its attention to those HABs that result in neurotoxic shellfish poisoning, paralytic shellfish poisoning, brown tides, amnesic shellfish poisoning, and aquaculture fish kills. This covers most, but certainly not all, HAB problems in the U.S.

Ciguatera Fish Poisoning: treatment, prevention and management

Ciguatera Fish Poisoning (CFP) is the most frequently reported seafood-toxin illness in the world, and it causes substantial physical and functional impact. It produces a myriad of gastrointestinal, neurologic and/or cardiovascular symptoms which last days to weeks, or even months. Although there are reports of symptom amelioration with some interventions (e.g. IV mannitol), the appropriate treatment for CFP remains unclear to many physicians. We review the literature on the treatments for CFP, including randomized controlled studies and anecdotal reports. The article is intended to clarify treatment options, and provide information about management and prevention of CFP, for emergency room physicians, poison control information providers, other health care providers, and patients.

Phosphate treatment of frozen prawns. Pt. 1. Screening of various phosphates for prevention of drip loss

Various phosphates and their mixtures were screened for their efficiency of preventing drip loss in frozen prawns. The effectiveness of the phosphates decreased in the following order: Sodium tripolyphosphate — Sodium pyrophosphate — Sodium hexametaphosphate Sodium metaphosphate — Sodium dihydrogen phosphate; the last two being ineffective. Even though thaw drip loss was reduced by the above treatments the organoleptic quality of the thawed as well as cooked products was unsatisfactory, discoloration being the major defect. A solution of a mixture of 12% sodium tripolyphosphate and 8.6% sodium dihydrogen phosphate or 2% citric acid in water when used as dip prevented thaw drip loss, improved cooked yield and organoleptic quality without adversely affecting the biochemical characteristics. Commercial scale trials showed that the results are highly reproducible.

Blackening of canned prawn and its prevention

The paper gives an account of the types of blackening associated with canned prawn in brine and their control. It was found that blackening caused by iron sulphide could be controlled by maintaining proper titratable acidity of fill brine in cans. The paper also elaborates on the factors responsible for or governing this critical titratable acidity. In regard to copper sulphide blackening, control was found to be difficult by maintaining the acidity or by additives such as EDTA when the copper content in the material went above the critical level.

Removal of fungus and prevention of fungal reinfestation in stored dry salted fish

A simple and effective method is described for converting dry fish products infested with fungus and red halophilic bacteria to acceptable ones. Washing, drying and then smearing with a mixture of 3% sodium propionate in dry, refined salt in a ratio of 1 part mixture: 10 parts dry fish resulted in the fish having a shelf life of 5 months.

Prevention of infestation by Dermestes maculatus Degeer in east African dried fish by solar treatment

East African sun-dried fish infested by Dermestes maculatus were exposed to tropical sunlight at ambient temperature and analysed for insect mortality and weight losses. Solar treatment for 6 to 8 lo was highly effective for one layer of split sun-dried fish and 100% insect mortality was toted, while pest species were still present in the four layer batch. Weight losses between 1.2% and 10.2% were recorded, the top layer suffering the highest loss. The high surface temperature of 60°C caused fish to become brittle and quality losses occurred. A reduction in length of exposure/temperature is probably a presupposition for application of the method to local conditions.

Prevention of infestation by Dermestes maculatus Degeer in east African dried fish using pyrethrum and piperonyl butoxide

East African sun-dried fish dipped for 4 seconds in different solutions of pyrethrum and piperonyl butoxide were analysed for insecticide residue limits. All analyses showed residues above the FAO/WHO MRL; exceeding factors of between 7.6 (22.9 ppm) and 1.6 (5.3 ppm) were found for pyrethrum while exceeding factors between 5.1 (102 ppm) and 1.7 (33.1 ppm) were common for piperonyl butoxide after 6 months storage at ambient temperature. All insecticide treated fish, regardless of dip concentration, were observed to be less susceptible to infestation by Dermestes maculatus than samples of untreated fish. No dry weight losses due to insect infestation were recorded, however moisture evaporation caused weight losses between 6 and 8% during the period. Further investigations showed that careful handling and a dip concentration more in accordance with FAO/WHO MRL than the commercial practice will reduce the cost of insecticides from K.sh. 0.72 to K.sh. 0.23 per kg pyrethrum treated fish.

Indigenous traditional technical knowledge of disease cure and prevention through fish consumption

Our knowledge regarding ethno-medico zoology is scanty and scattered. The present work is an endeavour to collect information on indigenous traditional knowledge (ITK) of disease cure through fish consumption, prepare a consolidated report on this aspect and to document our ITK so that in the long run after due verification (by Medical experts), such ITK can be patented. We also suggest for the recognition of the age old tribal medicine and establishment of a national research institute for tribal medicines at suitable place for the welfare of all the human beings.

Evaluation and comparison of ozone, hydrogen peroxide and physical treatment on fungal infection prevention and hatching rate of Iranian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus)

Ozone due to having low half-life and devoid of environmental harmful effects is recognized as one of the most effective disinfectant and fungicide in aquaculture. The objective of this study is to consider the effects of periodicay ozonation, hydrogen peroxide treatment, and physical treatment capability in hatching rate enhancement. Three concentrations of 0.05, 0.1 and 0.15 ppm ozone (10 min) and peroxide hydrogen with dose of 500 and 1000 ppm in two procedures accompanied with physical treatment and without physical treatment were examined on hatching rate. In the first year, Egg ozonation (0.1 ppm) with physical treatment have been resulted the greatest hatching rate (81.4%). In the second year, egg treatment with 1000 ppm hydrogen peroxide with physical treatment have been showed the greatest hatching rate (78%). Average hatching rate for the blank control treatment (without disinfectin and physical treatment) was 32.7%. From the economic viewpoint, 0.05 ppm ozone with physical treatment, due to considerable minimizing at consumption energy and ozonation system retention costs, indicated as the best treatment than other ozone treatments for fungal control. Very low correlation (r=-0.14) have been observed between hatchery water temperature and fungal infection percentage in control treatment.