Data collection and criticality analysis for cost effective maintenance during the life cycle of a flue gas line

Ty��n tarkoituksena oli ker��t�� k��ytt��varmuustietoa savukaasulinjasta kahdelta suomalaiselta sellutehtaalta niiden k��ytt����notosta aina t��h��n p��iv����n asti. K��ytt��varmuustieto koostuu luotettavuustiedoista sek�� kunnossapitotiedoista. Ker��tyn tiedon avulla on mahdollista kuvata tarkasti laitoksen k��ytt��varmuutta seuraavilla tunnusluvuilla: suunnittelemattomien h��iri��iden lukum����r�� ja korjausajat, laitteiden seisokkiaika, vikojen todenn��k��isyys ja korjaavan kunnossapidon kustannukset suhteessa savukaasulinjan korjaavan kunnossapidon kokonaiskustannuksiin. K��ytt��varmuustiedon ker��ysmetodi on esitelty. Savukaasulinjan kriittisten laitteiden m����rittelyyn k��ytetty metodi on yhdistelm�� kyselytutkimuksesta ja muunnellusta vian vaikutus- ja kriittisyysanalyysist��. Laitteiden valitsemiskriteerit lopulliseen kriittisyysanalyysiin p����tettiin k��ytt��varmuustietojen sek�� kyselytutkimuksen perusteella. Kriittisten laitteiden m����ritt��misen tarkoitus on l��yt���� savukaasulinjasta ne laitteet, joiden odottamaton vikaantuminen aiheuttaa vakavimmat seuraukset savukaasulinjan luotettavuuteen, tuotantoon, turvallisuuteen, p����st��ihin ja kustannuksiin. Tiedon avulla rajoitetut kunnossapidon resurssit voidaan suunnata oikein. Kriittisten laitteiden m����ritt��misen tuloksena todetaan, ett�� kolme kriittisint�� laitetta savukaasulinjassa ovat molemmille sellutehtaille yhteisesti: savukaasupuhaltimet, laahakuljettimet sek�� ketjukuljettimet. K��ytt��varmuustieto osoittaa, ett�� laitteiden luotettavuus on tehdaskohtaista, mutta periaatteessa samat p����linjat voidaan n��hd�� suunnittelemattomien vikojen todenn��k��isyytt�� esitt��viss�� kuvissa. Kustannukset, jotka esitet����n laitteen suunnittelemattomien kunnossapitokustannusten suhteena savukaasulinjan kokonaiskustannuksiin, noudattelevat hyvin pitk��lle luotettavuusk��yr����, joka on laskettu laitteen seisokkiajan suhteena k��ytt��tunteihin. K��ytt��varmuustiedon ker��ys yhdistettyn�� kriittisten laitteiden m����ritt��miseen mahdollistavat ennakoivan kunnossapidon oikean kohdistamisen ja ajoittamisen laitteiston elinaikana siten, ett�� luotettavuus- ja kustannustehokkuusvaatimukset saavutetaan.

Effect of the MC1R gene on sexual dimorphism in melanin-based colorations.

Variants of the melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R) gene result in abrupt, naturally selected colour morphs. These genetic variants may differentially affect sexual dimorphism if one morph is naturally selected in the two sexes but another morph is naturally or sexually selected only in one of the two sexes (e.g. to confer camouflage in reproductive females or confer mating advantage in males). Therefore, the balance between natural and sexual selections can differ between MC1R variants, as suggest studies showing interspecific correlations between sexual dimorphism and the rate of nonsynonymous vs. synonymous amino acid substitutions at the MC1R. Surprisingly, how MC1R is related to within-species sexual dimorphism, and thereby to sex-specific selection, has not yet been investigated. We tackled this issue in the barn owl (Tyto alba), a species showing pronounced variation in the degree of reddish pheomelanin-based coloration and in the number and size of black feather spots. We found that a valine (V)-to-isoleucine (I) substitution at position 126 explains up to 30% of the variation in the three melanin-based colour traits and in feather melanin content. Interestingly, MC1R genotypes also differed in the degree of sexual colour dimorphism, with individuals homozygous for the II MC1R variant being 2 times redder and 2.5 times less sexually dimorphic than homozygous individuals for the VV MC1R variant. These findings support that MC1R interacts with the expression of sexual dimorphism and suggest that a gene with major phenotypic effects and weakly influenced by variation in body condition can participate in sex-specific selection processes.

Activity-Based Costing Model for a Vendor Managed Inventory Service

Uusien paperikoneiden kysynt�� on v��hentynyt ja j��lkimarkkinointipalveluiden, kuten huoltojen ja varaosamyyntien, merkitt��vyys paperikoneliiketoiminnassa on kasvanut entisest����n viime aikoina. Uudentyyppisi�� palveluja kilpailuedun lis����miseksi kehitell����n jatkuvasti. Esimerkki t��llaisesta palvelusta on sopimusperusteinen varastointipalvelu, jossa osat ovat myyj��n varastossa kunnes asiakas ottaa ne k��ytt����n. Diplomity��n tavoite on rakentaa malli varastoinnin kustannuslaskentaan ja laskea sen avulla varastointipalvelun kustannukset. Perinteinen toimitusketju monine varastoineen ei nykyk��sityksen mukaan ole en���� kustannustehokas. Yh�� useammat yritykset kaupan ja teollisuuden aloilla ovat ryhtyneet soveltamaan VMI (Vendor Managed Inventory) teoriaa toimitusketjuissaan. Varastot ovat t��ll��in keskitettyj��, tiedonkulku toimitusketjun portaiden v��lill�� on nopeaa ja kysynt����n pystyt����n vastaamaan lyhyemm��ll�� viiveell�� sen ennakoitavuuden paranemisen takia. Ty��n tuloksena on toimintolaskentaan pohjautuva kustannuslaskentamalli, jota voidaan hy��dynt���� my��s hinnoittelup����t��ksi�� teht��ess��. Ty��ss�� esitell����n mallin soveltaminen eri tapauksiin ja ehdotetaan jatkotoimenpiteit��.

CoDiab-VD: protocol of a prospective population-based cohort study on diabetes care in Switzerland.

BACKGROUND: Diabetes represents an increasing health burden worldwide. In 2010, the Public Health Department of the canton of Vaud (Switzerland) launched a regional diabetes programme entitled "Programme cantonal Diab��te" (PcD), with the objectives to both decrease the incidence of diabetes and improve care for patients with diabetes. The cohort entitled CoDiab-VD emerged from that programme. It specifically aimed at following quality of diabetes care over time, at evaluating the coverage of the PcD within this canton and at assessing the impact of the PcD on care of patients with diabetes. METHODS/DESIGN: The cohort CoDiab-VD is a prospective population-based cohort study. Patients with diabetes were recruited in two waves (autumn 2011--summer 2012) through community pharmacies. Eligible participants were non-institutionalised adult patients (≥ 18 years) with diabetes diagnosed for at least one year, residing in the canton of Vaud and coming to a participating pharmacy with a diabetes-related prescription. Women with gestational diabetes, people with obvious cognitive impairment or insufficient command of French were not eligible. Self-reported data collected, included the following primary outcomes: processes-of-care indicators (annual checks) and outcomes of care such as HbA1C, (health-related) quality of life measures (Short Form-12 Health Survey--SF-12, Audit of Diabetes-Dependent Quality of Life 19--ADDQoL) and Patient Assessment of Chronic Illness Care (PACIC). Data on diabetes, health status, healthcare utilisation, health behaviour, self-management activities and support, knowledge of, or participation to, campaigns/activities proposed by the PcD, and socio-demographics were also obtained. For consenting participants, physicians provided few additional pieces of information about processes and laboratory results. Participants will be followed once a year, via a mailed self-report questionnaire. The core of the follow-up questionnaires will be similar to the baseline one, with the addition of thematic modules adapting to the development of the PcD. Physicians will be contacted every 2 years. DISCUSSION: CoDiab-VD will allow obtaining a broad picture of the care of patients with diabetes, as well as their needs regarding their chronic condition. The data will be used to evaluate the PcD and help prioritise targeted actions. TRIAL REGISTRATION: This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT01902043, July 9, 2013.

Maintenance process development for remote administration of network servers

Maintenance is a part of system development and it is possible to develop operation models for accomplishing maintenance tasks. These models can be applied to individual maintenance tasks, maintenance projects and version management. Beneficial operation models makes maintenance more effective and they assist in managing various changes. The purpose of this thesis was to develop a maintenance process which can be used to remote administer network servers. This consisted of defining those operation models and technical specifications which enable to set up, manage changes, maintain and monitor resources of information systems that are located in several different sites. At first in this thesis the needs of the process were determined and requirements were defined based on those needs. The meaning of processes in maintenance of information systems, maintenance workflows and challenges were studied. Then current practical problems and disadvantages of maintenance work were analyzed in order to focus the development to proper issues. Because available operation models did not cover all the recent needs, new maintenance process which fulfilled the requirements was developed.

Measurement Properties of the Smartphone-Based B-B Score in Current Shoulder Pathologies.

NlmCategory="UNASSIGNED">This study is aimed at the determination of the measurement properties of the shoulder function B-B Score measured with a smartphone. This score measures the symmetry between sides of a power-related metric for two selected movements, with 100% representing perfect symmetry. Twenty healthy participants, 20 patients with rotator cuff conditions, 23 with fractures, 22 with capsulitis, and 23 with shoulder instabilities were measured twice across a six-month interval using the B-B Score and shoulder function questionnaires. The discriminative power, responsiveness, diagnostic power, concurrent validity, minimal detectable change (MDC), minimal clinically important improvement (MCII), and patient acceptable symptom state (PASS) were evaluated. Significant differences with the control group and significant baseline-six-month differences were found for the rotator cuff condition, fracture, and capsulitis patient groups. The B-B Score was responsive and demonstrated excellent diagnostic power, except for shoulder instability. The correlations with clinical scores were generally moderate to high, but lower for instability. The MDC was 18.1%, the MCII was 25.2%, and the PASS was 77.6. No floor effect was observed. The B-B Score demonstrated excellent measurement properties in populations with rotator cuff conditions, proximal humerus fractures, and capsulitis, and can thus be used as a routine test to evaluate those patients.

PGW-linjan k��ytt��varmuuden ja kunnossapidon tehokuuden parantaminen kiinte��ll�� kunnonvalvonnalla

T��m��n diplomity��n l��ht��kohtana on tutkia kiinte��n kunnonvalvonnan ja ehk��isev��n kunnossapidon edellytyksi�� ja mahdollisuuksia Anjalan Paperitehtaan painehiomossa. Ty��n tavoitteena on kunnossapidon kustannustehokkuuden parantaminen ja h��iri��aikojen v��hent��minen ja sit�� kautta koko tuotantoprosessin tuottavuuden nostaminen. Ty��n alussa tarkastellaan t��m��nhetkisi�� prosessilaitteiston h��iri��tekij��it�� ja kunnossapidon vaikutusmahdollisuuksia h��iri��iden korjaukseen ja kustannuksiin. Tarkastelun perusteella p����dyttiin painehiomossa ehk��isev��n kunnossapidon m����r��n nostamiseen ja kiinte��n kunnonvalvontaj��rjestelm��n k��ytt����nottoon H4-linjalla. Jatkuvatoimisen kunnonvalvonnan edut tutkimuksen ja teorian perusteella ovat laitteiden k��ytt��varmuuden olennainen paraneminen ja kunnossapitokustannusten aleneminen. Ty��n kokeellisen osan perusteella kunnossapitokustannukset alenivat noin 24 % ja k��ytett��vyyden tehostumisen johdosta laiteh��iri��t alenivat 50 %:lla. Tulokset saatiin aikaan toteuttamalla suunnitellut ehk��isev��t huollot kriittisille laitteille. Kiinte�� kunnonvalvonta antoi kunnossapidolle tiedon laitteiden oikea-aikaisesta huoltov��list��. Investoinnin hy��dyt saatiin t��ysm����r��isesti k��ytt����n jo laitteiston ensimm��isen k��ytt��vuoden aikana. Henkil��st��n osaamiskapasiteetin nosto tulee viel�� lis����m����n edell�� mainittuja hy��tyj��.

Maintenance Therapy With Tumor-Treating Fields Plus Temozolomide vs Temozolomide Alone for Glioblastoma: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

IMPORTANCE: Glioblastoma is the most devastating primary malignancy of the central nervous system in adults. Most patients die within 1 to 2 years of diagnosis. Tumor-treating fields (TTFields) are a locoregionally delivered antimitotic treatment that interferes with cell division and organelle assembly. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of TTFields used in combination with temozolomide maintenance treatment after chemoradiation therapy for patients with glioblastoma. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: After completion of chemoradiotherapy, patients with glioblastoma were randomized (2:1) to receive maintenance treatment with either TTFields plus temozolomide (n = 466) or temozolomide alone (n = 229) (median time from diagnosis to randomization, 3.8 months in both groups). The study enrolled 695 of the planned 700 patients between July 2009 and November 2014 at 83 centers in the United States, Canada, Europe, Israel, and South Korea. The trial was terminated based on the results of this planned interim analysis. INTERVENTIONS: Treatment with TTFields was delivered continuously (>18 hours/day) via 4 transducer arrays placed on the shaved scalp and connected to a portable medical device. Temozolomide (150-200 mg/m2/d) was given for 5 days of each 28-day cycle. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The primary end point was progression-free survival in the intent-to-treat population (significance threshold of .01) with overall survival in the per-protocol population (n = 280) as a powered secondary end point (significance threshold of .006). This prespecified interim analysis was to be conducted on the first 315 patients after at least 18 months of follow-up. RESULTS: The interim analysis included 210 patients randomized to TTFields plus temozolomide and 105 randomized to temozolomide alone, and was conducted at a median follow-up of 38 months (range, 18-60 months). Median progression-free survival in the intent-to-treat population was 7.1 months (95% CI, 5.9-8.2 months) in the TTFields plus temozolomide group and 4.0 months (95% CI, 3.3-5.2 months) in the temozolomide alone group (hazard ratio [HR], 0.62 [98.7% CI, 0.43-0.89]; P = .001). Median overall survival in the per-protocol population was 20.5 months (95% CI, 16.7-25.0 months) in the TTFields plus temozolomide group (n = 196) and 15.6 months (95% CI, 13.3-19.1 months) in the temozolomide alone group (n = 84) (HR, 0.64 [99.4% CI, 0.42-0.98]; P = .004). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: In this interim analysis of 315 patients with glioblastoma who had completed standard chemoradiation therapy, adding TTFields to maintenance temozolomide chemotherapy significantly prolonged progression-free and overall survival. TRIAL REGISTRATION: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00916409.

Seismic characterization of heterogeneous sedimentary and fractured rocks based on Biot's theory of poroelasticity

Understanding and quantifying seismic energy dissipation, which manifests itself in terms of velocity dispersion and attenuation, in fluid-saturated porous rocks is of considerable interest, since it offers the perspective of extracting information with regard to the elastic and hydraulic rock properties. There is increasing evidence to suggest that wave-induced fluid flow, or simply WIFF, is the dominant underlying physical mechanism governing these phenomena throughout the seismic, sonic, and ultrasonic frequency ranges. This mechanism, which can prevail at the microscopic, mesoscopic, and macroscopic scale ranges, operates through viscous energy dissipation in response to fluid pressure gradients and inertial effects induced by the passing wavefield. In the first part of this thesis, we present an analysis of broad-band multi-frequency sonic log data from a borehole penetrating water-saturated unconsolidated glacio-fluvial sediments. An inherent complication arising in the interpretation of the observed P-wave attenuation and velocity dispersion is, however, that the relative importance of WIFF at the various scales is unknown and difficult to unravel. An important generic result of our work is that the levels of attenuation and velocity dispersion due to the presence of mesoscopic heterogeneities in water-saturated unconsolidated clastic sediments are expected to be largely negligible. Conversely, WIFF at the macroscopic scale allows for explaining most of the considered data while refinements provided by including WIFF at the microscopic scale in the analysis are locally meaningful. Using a Monte-Carlo-type inversion approach, we compare the capability of the different models describing WIFF at the macroscopic and microscopic scales with regard to their ability to constrain the dry frame elastic moduli and the permeability as well as their local probability distribution. In the second part of this thesis, we explore the issue of determining the size of a representative elementary volume (REV) arising in the numerical upscaling procedures of effective seismic velocity dispersion and attenuation of heterogeneous media. To this end, we focus on a set of idealized synthetic rock samples characterized by the presence of layers, fractures or patchy saturation in the mesocopic scale range. These scenarios are highly pertinent because they tend to be associated with very high levels of velocity dispersion and attenuation caused by WIFF in the mesoscopic scale range. The problem of determining the REV size for generic heterogeneous rocks is extremely complex and entirely unexplored in the given context. In this pilot study, we have therefore focused on periodic media, which assures the inherent self- similarity of the considered samples regardless of their size and thus simplifies the problem to a systematic analysis of the dependence of the REV size on the applied boundary conditions in the numerical simulations. Our results demonstrate that boundary condition effects are absent for layered media and negligible in the presence of patchy saturation, thus resulting in minimum REV sizes. Conversely, strong boundary condition effects arise in the presence of a periodic distribution of finite-length fractures, thus leading to large REV sizes. In the third part of the thesis, we propose a novel effective poroelastic model for periodic media characterized by mesoscopic layering, which accounts for WIFF at both the macroscopic and mesoscopic scales as well as for the anisotropy associated with the layering. Correspondingly, this model correctly predicts the existence of the fast and slow P-waves as well as quasi and pure S-waves for any direction of wave propagation as long as the corresponding wavelengths are much larger than the layer thicknesses. The primary motivation for this work is that, for formations of intermediate to high permeability, such as, for example, unconsolidated sediments, clean sandstones, or fractured rocks, these two WIFF mechanisms may prevail at similar frequencies. This scenario, which can be expected rather common, cannot be accounted for by existing models for layered porous media. Comparisons of analytical solutions of the P- and S-wave phase velocities and inverse quality factors for wave propagation perpendicular to the layering with those obtained from numerical simulations based on a ID finite-element solution of the poroelastic equations of motion show very good agreement as long as the assumption of long wavelengths remains valid. A limitation of the proposed model is its inability to account for inertial effects in mesoscopic WIFF when both WIFF mechanisms prevail at similar frequencies. Our results do, however, also indicate that the associated error is likely to be relatively small, as, even at frequencies at which both inertial and scattering effects are expected to be at play, the proposed model provides a solution that is remarkably close to its numerical benchmark. -- Comprendre et pouvoir quantifier la dissipation d'��nergie sismique qui se traduit par la dispersion et l'att��nuation des vitesses dans les roches poreuses et satur��es en fluide est un int��r��t primordial pour obtenir des informations �� propos des propri��t��s ��lastique et hydraulique des roches en question. De plus en plus d'��tudes montrent que le d��placement relatif du fluide par rapport au solide induit par le passage de l'onde (wave induced fluid flow en anglais, dont on gardera ici l'abr��viation largement utilis��e, WIFF), repr��sente le principal m��canisme physique qui r��git ces ph��nom��nes, pour la gamme des fr��quences sismiques, sonique et jusqu'�� l'ultrasonique. Ce m��canisme, qui pr��domine aux ��chelles microscopique, m��soscopique et macroscopique, est li�� �� la dissipation d'��nergie visqueuse r��sultant des gradients de pression de fluide et des effets inertiels induits par le passage du champ d'onde. Dans la premi��re partie de cette th��se, nous pr��sentons une analyse de donn��es de diagraphie acoustique �� large bande et multifr��quences, issues d'un forage r��alis�� dans des s��diments glaciaux-fluviaux, non-consolid��s et satur��s en eau. La difficult�� inh��rente �� l'interpr��tation de l'att��nuation et de la dispersion des vitesses des ondes P observ��es, est que l'importance des WIFF aux diff��rentes ��chelles est inconnue et difficile �� quantifier. Notre ��tude montre que l'on peut n��gliger le taux d'att��nuation et de dispersion des vitesses d�� �� la pr��sence d'h��t��rog��n��it��s �� l'��chelle m��soscopique dans des s��diments clastiques, non- consolid��s et satur��s en eau. A l'inverse, les WIFF �� l'��chelle macroscopique expliquent la plupart des donn��es, tandis que les pr��cisions apport��es par les WIFF �� l'��chelle microscopique sont localement significatives. En utilisant une m��thode d'inversion du type Monte-Carlo, nous avons compar��, pour les deux mod��les WIFF aux ��chelles macroscopique et microscopique, leur capacit�� �� contraindre les modules ��lastiques de la matrice s��che et la perm��abilit�� ainsi que leur distribution de probabilit�� locale. Dans une seconde partie de cette th��se, nous cherchons une solution pour d��terminer la dimension d'un volume ��l��mentaire repr��sentatif (not�� VER). Cette probl��matique se pose dans les proc��dures num��riques de changement d'��chelle pour d��terminer l'att��nuation effective et la dispersion effective de la vitesse sismique dans un milieu h��t��rog��ne. Pour ce faire, nous nous concentrons sur un ensemble d'��chantillons de roches synth��tiques id��alis��s incluant des strates, des fissures, ou une saturation partielle �� l'��chelle m��soscopique. Ces sc��narios sont hautement pertinents, car ils sont associ��s �� un taux tr��s ��lev�� d'att��nuation et de dispersion des vitesses caus�� par les WIFF �� l'��chelle m��soscopique. L'enjeu de d��terminer la dimension d'un VER pour une roche h��t��rog��ne est tr��s complexe et encore inexplor�� dans le contexte actuel. Dans cette ��tude-pilote, nous nous focalisons sur des milieux p��riodiques, qui assurent l'autosimilarit�� des ��chantillons consid��r��s ind��pendamment de leur taille. Ainsi, nous simplifions le probl��me �� une analyse syst��matique de la d��pendance de la dimension des VER aux conditions aux limites appliqu��es. Nos r��sultats indiquent que les effets des conditions aux limites sont absents pour un milieu stratifi��, et n��gligeables pour un milieu �� saturation partielle : cela r��sultant �� des dimensions petites des VER. Au contraire, de forts effets des conditions aux limites apparaissent dans les milieux pr��sentant une distribution p��riodique de fissures de taille finie : cela conduisant �� de grandes dimensions des VER. Dans la troisi��me partie de cette th��se, nous proposons un nouveau mod��le poro- ��lastique effectif, pour les milieux p��riodiques caract��ris��s par une stratification m��soscopique, qui prendra en compte les WIFF �� la fois aux ��chelles m��soscopique et macroscopique, ainsi que l'anisotropie associ��e �� ces strates. Ce mod��le pr��dit alors avec exactitude l'existence des ondes P rapides et lentes ainsi que les quasis et pures ondes S, pour toutes les directions de propagation de l'onde, tant que la longueur d'onde correspondante est bien plus grande que l'��paisseur de la strate. L'int��r��t principal de ce travail est que, pour les formations �� perm��abilit�� moyenne �� ��lev��e, comme, par exemple, les s��diments non- consolid��s, les gr��s ou encore les roches fissur��es, ces deux m��canismes d'WIFF peuvent avoir lieu �� des fr��quences similaires. Or, ce sc��nario, qui est assez commun, n'est pas d��crit par les mod��les existants pour les milieux poreux stratifi��s. Les comparaisons des solutions analytiques des vitesses des ondes P et S et de l'att��nuation de la propagation des ondes perpendiculaires �� la stratification, avec les solutions obtenues �� partir de simulations num��riques en ��l��ments finis, fond��es sur une solution obtenue en 1D des ��quations poro- ��lastiques, montrent un tr��s bon accord, tant que l'hypoth��se des grandes longueurs d'onde reste valable. Il y a cependant une limitation de ce mod��le qui est li��e �� son incapacit�� �� prendre en compte les effets inertiels dans les WIFF m��soscopiques quand les deux m��canismes d'WIFF pr��dominent �� des fr��quences similaires. N��anmoins, nos r��sultats montrent aussi que l'erreur associ��e est relativement faible, m��me �� des fr��quences �� laquelle sont attendus les deux effets d'inertie et de diffusion, indiquant que le mod��le propos�� fournit une solution qui est remarquablement proche de sa r��f��rence num��rique.

Traducci�� i adopci�� a l'��ndia: Hindu Adoptions And Maintenance Act, 1956

L���objectiu principal d���aquest treball de fi de grau ��s fer-se c��rrec d���una traducci�� jur��dica amb tot el qu�� aix�� implica: documentar-se a trav��s de fonts fiables, emprar les eines adequades, lliurar-lo dins el termini establert, entre d���altres. En aquest cas, ��s una traducci�� de les lleis que regulen les adopcions a l�����ndia. A m��s, en aquest treball tamb�� s���explica breument el dret civil a Catalunya i es compara amb el de l�����ndia, ja que es basen en idees molt diferents. Aquests tipus de traduccions exigeixen precisi�� i claredat perqu�� els conceptes i les estructures sint��ctiques acostumen a ser molt complexes. A continuaci��, hi ha detallat cada pas que s���ha seguit per tal d���assolir l���objectiu principal.

Patterns of impact resulting from a 'sit less, move more' web-based program in sedentary office employees

Purpose Encouraging office workers to ���sit less and move more��� encompasses two public health priorities. However, there is little evidence on the effectiveness of workplace interventions for reducing sitting, even less about the longer term effects of such interventions and still less on dual-focused interventions. This study assessed the short and mid-term impacts of a workplace web-based intervention (Walk@WorkSpain, W@WS; 2010-11) on self-reported sitting time, step counts and physical risk factors (waist circumference, BMI, blood pressure) for chronic disease. Methods Employees at six Spanish university campuses (n=264; 42��10 years; 171 female) were randomly assigned by worksite and campus to an Intervention (used W@WS; n=129; 87 female) or a Comparison group (maintained normal behavior; n=135; 84 female). This phased, 19-week program aimed to decrease occupational sitting time through increased incidental movement and short walks. A linear mixed model assessed changes in outcome measures between the baseline, ramping (8 weeks), maintenance (11 weeks) and followup (two months) phases for Intervention versus Comparison groups.A significant 2 (group) �� 2 (program phases) interaction was found for self-reported occupational sitting (F[3]=7.97, p=0.046), daily step counts (F[3]=15.68, p=0.0013) and waist circumference (F[3]=11.67, p=0.0086). The Intervention group decreased minutes of daily occupational sitting while also increasing step counts from baseline (446��126; 8,862��2,475) through ramping (+425��120; 9,345��2,435), maintenance (+422��123; 9,638��3,131) and follow-up (+414��129; 9,786��3,205). In the Comparison group, compared to baseline (404��106), sitting time remained unchanged through ramping and maintenance, but decreased at follow-up (-388��120), while step counts diminished across all phases. The Intervention group significantly reduced waist circumference by 2.1cms from baseline to follow-up while the Comparison group reduced waist circumference by 1.3cms over the same period. Conclusions W@WSis a feasible and effective evidence-based intervention that can be successfully deployed with sedentary employees to elicit sustained changes on ���sitting less and moving more���.

Selective and non-extractive spectrophotometric determination of cefdinir in formulations based on donor-acceptor complex formation

Cefdinir has broad spectrum of activity and high prescription rates, hence its counterfeiting seems imminent. We have proposed a simple, fast, selective and non-extractive spectrophotometric method for the content assay of cefdinir in formulations. The method is based on complexation of cefdinir and Fe under reducing condition in a buffered medium (pH 11) to form a magenta colored donor-acceptor complex (λ max = 550 nm; apparent molar absorptivity = 3720 L mol-1 cm-1). No other cephalosporins, penicillins and common excipients interfere under the test conditions. The Beer's law is followed in the concentration range 8-160 ��g mL-1.

Kentt��tietojen hy��dynt��minen taajuusmuuttajan luotettavuuden suunnittelussa

Taajuusmuuttaja on yh�� yleisempi laite perinteisten oikosulkumoottoreiden nopeuden s����d��ss��, niin teollisuudessa kuin muilla k��ytt��kohteissa. Ensimm��iset laitetyypit olivat mekaanisesti suurikokoisia ja vaativat laitteen tekniselt�� tuelta ja kunnossapidolta hyv���� teknist�� perehtyneisyytt�� laitteisiin. Teknologian kehittymisen my��t�� laitteiden teho/kokosuhde on pienentynyt ja tarjolla on useita eri sovelluskohteisiin suoraan soveltuvia taajuusmuuttajia varustettuna helppok��ytt��isill�� ja kaupallisilla k��ytt��liittymill��. Laitteen elinkaaren aikainen luotettavuusjohtaminen edellytt���� valmistajalta varsinaisen laitesuunnittelun lis��ksi tarkoituksenmukaisia testausmenetelmi�� ja kokemusper��ist�� luotettavuustietoa my��s asennetusta laitekannasta. Ty��ss�� on k��yty taajuusmuuttajan suunnittelun kannalta l��pi luotettavuuden k��sitteist�� sek�� yleisimpi�� luotettavuusmenetelmi��. Luotettavuusn��k��kohtia verrataan asennetusta laitekannasta saatuihin kokemuksiin laitteen valmistajan ja tuotetuen kannalta. Ty��ss�� on esitetty luokittelun perusteita ja menetelm��t, miten k��yt��n aikana voidaan arvioida laitteen teknist�� tilaa sek�� huomioida se kunnossapidon suunnittelussa. Johtop����t��ksen�� huomataan, ett�� asennuspaikka ja k��ytt��sovellus m����ritt��v��t taajuusmuuttajan k��ytett��vyyden. Kentt��tietoja voidaan hy��dynt���� paikallisen kunnossapidon kannalta kunnossapidon ja investointien suunnittelussa. Toisaalta valmistajan tuotekehitys saa asennetuista laitteista kokemuksia seuraavan sukupolven tyypin suunnittelun perustaksi. Tekniikan voimakkaan kehittymisen seurauksena uusien taajuusmuuttajatyyppien valmistus kest���� yh�� lyhyemm��n ajanjakson, jolloin asennetusta laitekannasta saatu kentt��kokemus on arvokasta tietoa laitevalmistajalle. Yhteenvetona valmistajan laiterekistereit�� voidaan kehitt���� siten, ett�� niihin on tallennettavissa laitekartoitusten perusteella ker��tty�� informaatiota, jota niin valmistajan myynti, tuotetuki kuin laitesuunnittelu voi omassa toiminnassaan hy��dynt����.

Pulsatile Blood Flow Simulations in Computed Tomography(CT) Scan-Based and Idealized Geometries of Human Aorta

Blood flow in human aorta is an unsteady and complex phenomenon. The complex patterns are related to the geometrical features like curvature, bends, and branching and pulsatile nature of flow from left ventricle of heart. The aim of this work was to understand the effect of aorta geometry on the flow dynamics. To achieve this, 3D realistic and idealized models of descending aorta were reconstructed from Computed Tomography (CT) images of a female patient. The geometries were reconstructed using medical image processing code. The blood flow in aorta was assumed to be laminar and incompressible and the blood was assumed to be Newtonian fluid. A time dependent pulsatile and parabolic boundary condition was deployed at inlet. Steady and unsteady blood flow simulations were performed in real and idealized geometries of descending aorta using a Finite Volume Method (FVM) code. Analysis of Wall Shear Stress (WSS) distribution, pressure distribution, and axial velocity profiles were carried out in both geometries at steady and unsteady state conditions. The results obtained in thesis work reveal that the idealization of geometry underestimates the values of WSS especially near the region with sudden change of diameter. However, the resultant pressure and velocity in idealized geometry are close to those in real geometry

Kunnonvalvonnan uudelleen organisointi

Tutkimuksen tavoitteena oli tarkastella nykyinen kunnonvalvonnan toimintomalli Eforan kunnossapitopaikkakunnilla. Tarkastelun pohjalta tutkimuksessa organisoidaan kunnonvalvonta uudelleen n��iss�� kohteissa. Kohteena ovat Eforan paikkakunnat Heinola, Imatra, Oulu, Varkaus, Veitsiluoto is Uimaharju. Teoriaosiossa k��sitell����n strategista johtamista yrityksen perustamisen n��k��kulmasta, Perustamista l��hestyt����n my��s analyysien kautta, sek�� organisaation liiketoimintamallien ja prosessien kautta. Empiirisess�� osiossa tehtiin organisaation hahmottamisen kautta portfolio-analyysi, markkinatarkastelu is toimintasuunnitelma. Ne loivat perustan uudelleen organisoitumiselle. Osioon sis��ltyv��t my��s toiminnan k��ynnist��miseen, j��rjest��ytymiseen, mittaamiseen, seurantaan ja raportointiin liittyv��t toimet.