Cost and effectiveness of legal mandates for the practice of forestry on private land.

XVIII IUFRO World Congress, Ljubljana 1986.

Birth of the European individual : Outline of a theory of legal practice

The modern subject is what we can call a self-subjecting individual. This is someone in whose inner reality has been implanted a more permanent governability, a governability that works inside the agent. Michel Foucault s genealogy of the modern subject is the history of its constitution by power practices. By a flight of imagination, suppose that this history is not an evolving social structure or cultural phenomenon, but one of those insects (moth) whose life cycle consists of three stages or moments: crawling larva, encapsulated pupa, and flying adult. Foucault s history of power-practices presents the same kind of miracle of total metamorphosis. The main forces in the general field of power can be apprehended through a generalisation of three rationalities functioning side-by-side in the plurality of different practices of power: domination, normalisation and the law. Domination is a force functioning by the rationality of reason of state: the state s essence is power, power is firm domination over people, and people are the state s resource by which the state s strength is measured. Normalisation is a force that takes hold on people from the inside of society: it imposes society s own reality its empirical verity as a norm on people through silently working jurisdictional operations that exclude pathological individuals too far from the average of the population as a whole. The law is a counterforce to both domination and normalisation. Accounting for elements of legal practice as omnihistorical is not possible without a view of the general field of power. Without this view, and only in terms of the operations and tactical manoeuvres of the practice of law, nothing of the kind can be seen: the only thing that practice manifests is constant change itself. However, the backdrop of law s tacit dimension that is, the power-relations between law, domination and normalisation allows one to see more. In the general field of power, the function of law is exactly to maintain the constant possibility of change. Whereas domination and normalisation would stabilise society, the law makes it move. The European individual has a reality as a problem. What is a problem? A problem is something that allows entry into the field of thought, said Foucault. To be a problem, it is necessary for certain number of factors to have made it uncertain, to have made it lose familiarity, or to have provoked a certain number of difficulties around it . Entering the field of thought through problematisations of the European individual human forms, power and knowledge one is able to glimpse the historical backgrounds of our present being. These were produced, and then again buried, in intersections between practices of power and games of truth. In the problem of the European individual one has suitable circumstances that bring to light forces that have passed through the individual through centuries.

An Analysis of the Concept of Citizenship: Legal, Political and Social Dimensions

The thesis aims at analyzing concept of citizenship in political philosophy. The concept of citizenship is a complex one: it does not have a definitive explication, but it nevertheless is a very important category in contemporary world. Citizenship is a powerful ideal, and often the way a person is treated depends on whether he or she has the status of a citizen. Citizenship includes protection of a person’s rights both at home and abroad. It entails legal, political and social dimension: the legal status as a full member of society, the recognition of that status by fellow citizens and acting as a member of society. The thesis discusses these three dimensions. Its objective is to show how all of them, despite being insufficient in some aspects, reach something important about the concept. The main sources of the thesis are Civic Republicanism by Iseult Honohan (Routledge 2002), Republicanism by Philip Pettit (Clarendon Press 1997), and Taking Rights Seriously by Ronald Dworkin (1997). In addition, the historical part of the thesis relies mainly on the works of Aristotle, Immanuel Kant, Adam Smith, Quentin Skinner, James Pocock and James Tully. The writings of Will Kymlicka, John Rawls, Chantal Mouffe, and Shane Phelan are referred to in the presentation and critique of the liberal tradition of thought. Hannah Arendt and Seyla Benhabib’s analysis of Arendt’s philosophy both address the problematic relations between human rights and nation-states as the main guarantors of rights. The chapter on group rights relies on Peter Jones’ account of corporate and collective rights, after which I continue to Seumas Miller’s essay on the (liberal) account of group rights and their relation to the concept of citizenship. Republicanism and Political Theory (2002) edited by Cécile Laborde and John Maynor is also references. David Miller and Maurizio Viroli represent the more “rooted” version of republicanism. The thesis argues that the full concept of citizenship should be seen as containing legal, political and social dimensions. The concept can be viewed from all of these three angles. The first means that citizenship is connected with certain rights, like the right to vote or stand for election, the right to property and so on. In most societies, the law guarantees these rights to every citizen. Then there is also the social dimension, which can be said to be as important as the legal one: the recognition of equality and identities of others. Finally, there is the political dimension, meaning the importance of citizens’ participation in the society, which is discussed in connection with the contemporary account of republicanism. All these issues are discussed from the point of view of groups demanding for group-specific rights and equal recognition. The challenge with these three aspects of citizenship is, however, that they are difficult to discuss under one heading. Different theories or discourses of citizenship each approach the subject from different starting points, which make reconciling them sometimes hard. The fundamental questions theories try to answer may differ radically depending on the theory. Nevertheless, in order to get the whole image of what the citizenship discourses are about all the aspects deserve to be taken into account.

La relación entre imputación y responsabilidad

Resumen: El autor analiza los conceptos de imputación y responsabilidad penales, y las realidades jurídicas y antrópicas a las que dichas nociones se refieren desde dos perspectivas principales: una, teórica, y otra, la historia del pensamiento. La investigación está precedida por una breve introducción semántica. El marco teórico es una concepción realista del derecho, subalternada a la antropología (psicología) filosófica, y más específicamente, al concepto del hombre como persona.

Voluntades anticipadas, su valor legal

Resumen: El autor analiza el contenido de las denominadas directivas previas o testamento vital, que una persona puede instrumentar a efectos de instruir a los médicos que en el futuro la atiendan en el supuesto de no poder en ese momento expresar su voluntad, relacionadas con los tratamientos que está dispuesta a que le sean aplicados. Se hace referencia al alcance, los inconvenientes y peligros que traen aparejadas dichas directivas, su tiempo de validez y la situación actual en otros países y en el nuestro, así como una escueta reseña de dos sentencias dictadas en el país al respecto.

Setor Mineral : rumo a um novo marco legal

Estudo sobre o setor mineral brasileiro com abordagem dos aspectos jurídicos e econômicos. Inclui relatório, projeto de lei, artigos de especialistas e compilação das apresentações do seminário "Setor mineral: rumo a um novo marco legal", ocorrido em dezembro de 2010.

Deficiente visual : guia legal : texto com tipos ampliados

Informações sobre a legislação federal referente ou aplicável à pessoa com deficiência visual. Texto com tipos ampliados.

A situação da aviação na Amazônia Legal e na região Nordeste

Traz os debates e discussões realizadas na Audiência Pública, realizada em 24 de abril de 2012, na Câmara dos Deputados. Aborda a situação da aviação, fazendo um recorte nas regiões Norte e Nordeste.

A saúde no Brasil : história do Sistema Único de Saúde, arcabouço legal, organização, funcionamento, financiamento do SUS e as principais propostas de regulamentação da Emenda Constitucional nº 29, de 2000

Consultoria de Orçamento e Fiscalização Financeira, Núcleo de Saúde.

Um novo marco legal para pesquisa e lavra das jazidas brasileiras de petróleo e gás natural

Consultoria Legislativa - Área XII - Recursos Minerais, Hídricos e Energéticos.

Consideração sobre a base legal para criação do Comitê de Política Monetária (COPOM) e a Lei 4.595, de 31 de dezembro de 1964, que rege o Sistema Financeiro Nacional

Consultoria Legislativa - Área VII - Sistema Financeiro, Direito Comercial, Econômico, Defesa do Consumidor.

Marco legal das licitações e compras sustentáveis na administração pública

Consultoria Legislativa - Área VIII - Direito Administrativo e de Administração Pública