波片相位延迟的精确测量及影响因素分析

提出一种精确测量波片相位延迟的方法。将待测波片置于起偏器和检偏器之间,转动待测波片和检偏器至不同的位置并探测输出的光强,得到波片的相位延迟。采用光源调制技术和解调技术,抑制了连续光所无法克服的背景光干扰和电子噪声的干扰;将光路分为测量光路和参考光路,采用软件除法技术,消除了光源波动的影响,从而实现波片相位延迟的精确测量。详细分析了影响测量精度的误差因素,主要有光源波长变化、温度变化、入射角倾斜、转台转角误差和光源波动,计算了1064 nm波长时厚度为0.52 mm的λ/4多级结晶石英波片产生的相位延迟误差

Entre a cama e o ambulatório: a biomedicina e a vida sexual dos casais sorodiscordantes com HIV/Aids

A eficácia da terapia anti-retroviral tem contribuído para uma vida melhor das pessoas vivendo com HIV/Aids, e a presença dos casais sorodiscordantes nos ambulatórios tem sido mais freqüente. O uso sistemático da camisinha foi suficientemente demonstrado por diversas pesquisas como eficaz na prevenção ao HIV, mas como fazer com que os pacientes percebam a sua importância? Este estudo busca identificar e refletir sobre as estratégias médicas utilizadas na prevenção e assistência aos pacientes com HIV e Aids, envolvidos em relações conjugais sorodiscordantes, através do uso do preservativo. Seis médicos (2 mulheres e 4 homens) que atuam com pacientes portadores de HIV/Aids em ambulatórios públicos no município do Rio de Janeiro, deram seus depoimentos através de entrevistas semi-estruturadas orientadas por um roteiro. Dentre os resultados encontrados, destaca-se a produção de uma invisibilidade dirigida aos casais sorodiscordantes, posto que o que se revela como realmente importante é a adesão ao tratamento, que se confunde com adesão aos medicamentos antiretrovirais). O tratamento medicamentoso concentra os objetivos e as reocupações dos profissionais de saúde na assistência aos pacientes com HIV/Aids, centrado na tradição biomédica que reduz as experiências sociais, emocionais e culturais de viver com Aids, a fatores que facilitem ou dificultem a adesão ao tratamento. A estratégia médica dirigida à sorodiscordância é negativa, no sentido de apagar a condição de casal assim como os outros aspectos não objetivos da vida do paciente.

Single-electron multiple-valued memory using ultra-small floating gate metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor

This paper proposes a novel single-electron multiple-valued memory. It is a metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor (MOS)-type memory with multiple separate control gates and floating gate layer, which consists of nano-crystal grains. The electron can tunnel among the grains (floating gates) and between the floating gate layer and the MOS channel. The memory can realize operations of 'write', 'store' and 'erase' of multiple-valued signals exceeding three values by controlling the single electron tunneling behavior. We use Monte Carlo method to simulate the operation of single-electron four-valued memory. The simulation results show that it can operate well at room temperature.

An Embedded Ultra Low Power Nonvolatile Memory in a Standard CMOS Logic Process

This paper proposes an embedded ultra low power nonvolatile memory in a standard CMOS logic process. The memory adopts a bit cell based on the differential floating gate PMOS structure and a novel operating scheme. It can greatly improve the endurance and retention characteristic and make the area/bit smaller. A new high efficiency all-PMOS charge pump is designed to reduce the power consumption and to increase the power efficiency. It eliminates the body effect and can generate higher output voltage than conventional structures for a same stage number. A 32-bit prototype chip is fabricated in a 0.18 mu m 1P4M standard CMOS logic process and the core area is 0.06 mm(2). The measured results indicate that the typical write/erase time is 10ms. With a 700 kHz clock frequency, power consumption of the whole memory is 2.3 mu A for program and 1.2 mu A for read at a 1.6V power supply.

Negative differential resistance and memory effect in diodes based on 1,4-dibenzyl C60 and zinc phthalocyanine doped polystyrene hybrid material

Negative differential resistance (NDR) and memory effect were observed in diodes based on 1,4-dibenzyl C60 (DBC) and zinc phthalocyanine doped polystyrene hybrid material. Certain negative starting sweeping voltages led to a reproducible NDR, making the hybrid material a promising candidate in memory devices. It was found that the introduction of DBC enhanced the ON/OFF current ratio and significantly improved the memory stability. The ON/OFF current ratio was up to 2 orders of magnitude. The write-read-erase-reread cycles were more than 10(6), and the retention time reached 10 000 s without current degradation.

Memory devices based on lanthanide (SM3+, EU3+, Gd3+) complexes

Memory effects in single-layer organic light-emitting devices based on Sm3+, Gd3+, and Eu3+ rare earth complexes were realized. The device structure was indium-tin-oxide (ITO)/3,4-poly(ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT)/Poly(N-vinyl carbazole) (PVK): rare earth complex/LiF/Ca/Ag. It was found experimentally that all the devices exhibited two distinctive bistable conductivity states in current-voltage characteristics by applying negative starting voltage, and more than 10(6) write-read-erase-reread cycles were achieved without degradation. Our results indicate that the rare earth organic complexes are promising materials for high-density, low-cost memory application besides the potential application as organic light-emitting materials in display devices.

THE FRACTURE-BEHAVIOR OF PHENOLPHTHALEIN POLYETHER ETHER KETONE AT ELEVATED-TEMPERATURE FOR LONG TERMS

The fracture behavior of phenolphthalein polyether-ether ketone (PEK-C) affected by physical aging at 200 degrees C was studied by tensile experiments, scanning electron microscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry observations. The ductile-brittle fracture transition (DBT) caused by physical aging can be considered as a competition between fracture mechanisms of crazing and shear yielding. The aging time required for the DBT is found to be around 400 h, based on the morphological studies and tensile experiments. The shear yielding component of the mechanical deformation could erase the aging effect, thus a deaging phenomenon occurs. We found that the deaging phenomenon has an intrinsic relationship with the extent of aging in the specimen and as a result of the fracture behavior. (C) 1995 John Wiley and Sons, Inc.

AVO分析与地震资料叠前储层预测技术

In this paper we base on the anisotropic theory and Zoeppritz function of the transmission theory and the law of amplitude versus offset simplify seismic reflection coefficient of different media, analyze the characteristic of the gas or oil saturated stratum or the VTI and HTI models. Discuss the P wave reflection relationship and the meanings of the different parameters. We use measured parameters of a reservoir to simulate the characteristic of the reservoir, study the different effects of stratum saturated with gas or oil and analyze the characteristic of the seismic response of different models which change with different incident angles and different azimuths. Using the field data of logs ,analyze the rock property parameters, build the relationship of logs and parameters by Gassmann theory or empirical function. Calculate the density and the shear modulus and bulk modulus, reconstruct the log curves, calculate shear wave logs and correlate the logs affected by mud and other environmental factors. Finally perform the relationship of the seismic data log of saturated stratum and enhance the ability and reliability in reservoir prediction. Our aim is by the prestack seismic processing to get high solution and amplitude preserved seismic data. Because in incident angle gathers or azimuthal gathers, the low signal to noise ratio and low different covers affect the result of the prestack reservoir prediction. We apply prestack noise erase, cell regularization process and relatively amplitude preservation in the high solution seismic process routine to preserve the characteristic of stratum response, and erase the effects of the noise. In this paper we finished prestack invertion in the BYT survey and fractured reservoir depiction in MB survey. By the invertion and multiple attributes crossplot. we can get the stratum profiles and oil indicator profiles which can predict the distribution of the reservoir and oil. In the MB survey, we get orientation and density of fractured reservoir by the azimuthal seismic amplitude and depict the potential oil and gas reservoir. Prestak invertion works better in distinguishing oil and reservoir.

La narrativa indigenista en Argentina. Una doble denuncia

Desde tiempos de José Carlos Mariátegui, la crítica literaria indigenista viene articulando un discurso etnocentrista cuyo eje de producción se sitúa en Perú y los países vecinos, pero rara vez se ha mencionado una obra argentina que trate sobre las desigualdades que sufren los indígenas de ese país. Ni siquiera la academia argentina ha analizado ninguna novela desde la óptica indigenista.En un país cuyos gobiernos, desde el siglo XIX, han tratado de borrar cualquier traza de sangre indígena en su población, ya sea mediante la asimilación, exterminio o invisibilidad, y cuyas zonas de mayor asentamiento indígena se encuentran lejos del hegemónico Buenos Aires, las narraciones de problemas sociales ajenos quedaban encajonadas en el recóndito mundo de la literatura regional.Sin embargo, durante los años de eclosión del movimiento indigenista, escritores argentinos se hicieron eco de los sufrimientos y demandas de sus compatriotas indígenas por medio de novelas que sobrepasaron el peyorativo epíteto regionalista y que incomprensiblemente, han sido olvidadas.En este artículo, que forma parte de un estudio más amplio, se aborda el silencio crítico, se contextualiza la producción indigenista de la época y se analizan brevemente algunas de las obras.

O papel do homem na educação de infância: construção de uma identidade profissional no masculino

Relatório da Prática Profissional Supervisionada Mestrado em Educação Pré-Escolar

British Methodist Episcopal Church Tithing Ticket, 1874

A quarterly tithing ticket from the British Methodist Episcopal Church, signed by Walter Hawkins, Minister, issued on August 16, 1874. This ticket was in the possession of the Richard Bell Family of St. Catharines.Minister Walter Hawkins was Superintendent of the Conference for the British Methodist Episcopal Church (Brant Co.) This excerpt from the Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online describes his role in reestablishing the BMEC in Canada following a period of reunion with the African Methodist Episcopal Church, an initiative spearheaded by Richard Randolph Disney, a free-born black American Methodist preacher. "By the end of the 1870s the BMEC had 56 congregations with about 3,100 members, the bulk of the latter being in the Danish West Indies and British Guiana. Because mission work outside Canada had overtaxed the church's financial resources, in 1880 Disney began negotiations towards reunion with the AMEC. The reunion was effected that year, and it was overwhelmingly ratified at a BMEC convention held at Hamilton in June 1881. A referendum showed that although a majority in Ontario was opposed, 86 per cent of the membership was in favour. Disney was accepted as an AMEC bishop and was assigned to its Tenth Episcopal District, a region embracing his former territory as well as some of the AMEC churches in Canada which had not joined the BMEC. Reunification appeared to have been a triumph for Disney, but trouble soon occurred. A majority of the Ontario churches and preachers, led by the Reverend Walter Hawkins of Chatham, sought to re-establish the BMEC, fearing the loss of their distinctive identity and perhaps feeling that the Caribbean groups had exercised too much influence on the reunification question. In 1886 this group held an ecclesiastical council at Chatham, at which it was claimed that Disney had defected to the AMEC. At a subsequent general conference that year the BMEC was reconstituted. The conference deposed Disney, agreeing to "erase his name and ignore his authority, and cancel his official relationship as bishop." The conference minutes also refer to a court case instigated by Disney which reached the High Court of Chancery in Britain, but records of this case have not been located. The reconstituted BMEC elected Hawkins as its general superintendent, avoiding the title of bishop for several years." Source: Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online. Government of Canada.

The Ethics Of Reconciling : Learning From Canada’s Truth And Reconciliation Commission

In 2008, the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada (TRC) was initiated to address the historical and contemporary injustices and impacts of Indian Residential Schools. Of the many goals of the TRC, I focus on reconciliation and how the TRC aims to promote this through public education and engagement. To explore this, I consider two questions: 1) who does the TRC include in the process of reconciliation? And 2) how might I, as someone who is not Indigenous (specifically, as someone who is “white”), be engaged by the TRC? Ethical queries arise which speak to broader concerns about the TRC’s capability to fulfill its public education goals. I raise several concerns about whether the TRC’s plan to convoke the col- lective will result in over-simplifying the process by relying on blunt, poorly defined identity categories that erase the heterogeneity of those residing in Canada, as well as the complexity of the conflict among us. I attempt to situate myself in-between proclamations of “success” or “failure” of the TRC, to better understand what can be learned from contested truths and experiences of uncertainty.

La société de l'amélioration : le renversement de la perfectibilité humaine, de l'humanisme des Lumières à l'humain augmenté

Thèse réalisée en cotutelle, entre l'Université de Montréal, au Département de Sociologie, et l'Université de Rennes 1, à la Faculté de Droit et de Science Politique

La confrérie des Dames de la Sainte-Famille de la paroisse Notre-Dame de Montréal (1724-1760) : un lieu élitaire au féminin ?

Les historiens ont eu tendance à effacer les femmes de leurs écrits lorsqu’il était question des élites de la Nouvelle-France ; ce concept a longtemps été associé au monde masculin. Le choix d’exclure la gent féminine n’est pas surprenant lorsque l’on sait que les définitions rattachées à l’élite proviennent principalement de la profession, ainsi que de la place occupée par les gens dans les institutions ou dans les structures de pouvoir. À cette époque, la majorité des femmes n’occupaient aucune fonction décisionnelle ; elles étaient maintenues, ‘’grâce’’ au patriarcat, dans la sphère domestique. Malgré ces constats, ce mémoire s’intéresse tout de même à la pertinence d’une définition de l’élite au féminin. Nous essayons donc de démontrer que les femmes en Nouvelle-France avaient aussi des lieux de rassemblement élitaire. Pour y parvenir, nous étudions le parcours des principales officières de la confrérie des Dames de la Sainte-Famille (Montréal) entre 1724 et 1760. Afin de connaître leur statut socio-économique, ce mémoire s’emploie à relever divers éléments caractéristiques : statut socio-professionnel de leur père et de leurs maris, les montants des douaires et des préciputs dans leurs contrats de mariage, l’âge au premier mariage, le nombre de naissances ainsi que la mortalité infantile. Ces divers indicateurs révèlent que la majorité de ces dames provenaient effectivement d’un milieu élitaire. Pour consolider cette conclusion, ce mémoire analyse ensuite le comportement de ces femmes en lien avec une des caractéristiques propres aux élites soit le réseautage. Il s’intéresse particulièrement à la pratique du marrainage ; qui sont les parrains et marraines des officières, qui sont les marraines de leurs enfants et de qui elles sont les marraines. Cette dernière partie du mémoire vient à son tour confirmer la dimension élitaire des officières de la Sainte-Famille.

... Y entonces llegaron los romanos : cuaderno de trabajo de cultura clásica.

Se trata de un estudio sobre la situación de España antes de la llegada de los romanos y las consecuencias que tuvo para nosotros, en resumen, se trata lo que supuso la romanización de Hispania. La romanización consiste en el cambio que la conquista romana provocó en las sociedades indígenas en los diversos ámbitos de su vida cotidiana: administración, economía, sociedad, costumbres, sociedad, costumbres e incluso la lengua. Roma fue muy respetuosa con los sitemas políticos, religiosos... de los pueblos que conquistaban pero ante una organización y cultura que parecía superior estos fueron asumiendo la forma de vida que Roma ofrecía. El trabajo se divide en 6 unidades: erase una vez (colonización griega, fenicia, pueblos prerrománicos); así nace una ciudad; tanto tienes tanto vales (productos, industria, comercio); hombres y dioses (la sociedad y la religiosidad); el mundo de las letras (la huella del latín). Al principio del trabajo se dan las indicaciones al alumno para poder desarrollar el trabajo del curso utilizando el libro no como un libro de texto sino como un cuaderno de trabajo. Se complementa con dos anexos de material complementario para las actividades y para la consulta. Cada unidad se compone de una evaluación inicial, unos textos, actividades y una propuesta de trabajo de investigación.