980 resultados para Spot publicitário
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The common bean is affected by several pathogens that can cause severe yield losses. Here we report the introgression of resistance genes to anthracnose, angular leaf spot and rust in the `carioca-type` bean cultivar `Ruda`. Initially, four backcross (BC) lines were obtained using `TO`, `AB 136`, `Ouro Negro` and `AND 277` as donor parents. Molecular fingerprinting was used to select the lines genetically closer to the recurrent parent. The relative genetic distances between `Ruda` and the BC lines varied between 0.0% and 1.99%. The BC lines were intercrossed and molecular markers linked to the resistance genes were used to identify the plants containing the genes of interest. These plants were selfed to obtain the F(2), F(3) and F(4) plants which were selected based on the presence of the molecular markers mentioned and resistance was confirmed in the F(4) generation by inoculation. Four F(4:7) pyramid lines with all the resistance genes showed resistance spectra equivalent to those of their respective donor parents. Yield tests showed that these lines are as productive as the best `carioca-type` cultivars.
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Enamel white spot lesions in anterior teeth that compromise esthetics are common. Microabrasion is indicated, since it affects enamel superficially. An acid-abrasive slurry with 37% phosphoric acid with pumice was used on the enamel for a controlled time period. Home bleaching with hydrogen peroxide was then used, further improving the final result. The method is safe, easy, and conservative and provides good esthetic results. (Quintessence Int 2011;42:423-426)
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Diseases and insect pests are major causes of low yields of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in Latin America and Africa. Anthracnose, angular leaf spot and common bacterial blight are widespread foliar diseases of common bean that also infect pods and seeds. One thousand and eighty-two accessions from a common bean core collection from the primary centres of origin were investigated for reaction to these three diseases. Angular leaf spot and common bacterial blight were evaluated in the field at Santander de Quilichao, Colombia, and anthracnose was evaluated in a screenhouse in Popayan, Colombia. By using the 15-group level from a hierarchical clustering procedure, it was found that 7 groups were formed with mainly Andean common bean accessions (Andean gene pool), 7 groups with mainly Middle American accessions (Middle American gene pool), while 1 group contained mixed accessions. Consistent with the theory of co-evolution, it was generally observed that accessions from the Andean gene pool were resistant to Middle American pathogen isolates causing anthracnoxe, while the Middle American accessions were resistant to pathogen isolates from the Andes. Different combinations of resistance patterns were found, and breeders can use this information to select a specific group of accessions on the basis of their need.
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A plant's nutritional balance can influence its resistance to diseases. In order to evaluate the effect of increasing doses of N and K on the yield and severity of the mayze white spot, two experiments were installed in the field, one in the city of Ijaci, Minas Gerais, and the other in the city of Sete Lagoas, Minas Gerais. The experimental delimitation was in randomized blocks with 5 x 5 factorial analysis of variance, and four repetitions. The treatments consisted of five doses of N (20; 40; 80; 150; 190 Kg ha-1of N in the experiments 1 and 2) and five doses of K (15; 30; 60; 120; 180 Kg ha-1of K in experiment 1 and 8.75; 17.5; 35; 50; 100 Kg ha-1of K in experiment 2). The susceptible cultivar 30P70 was planted in both experiments. The plot consisted of four rows 5 meters long, with a useful area consisting of two central rows 3 meters each. Evaluations began 43 days after emergence (DAE) in the first experiment and 56 DAE in the second one. There was no significant interaction between doses of N and K and the disease progress P+. The effect was only observed for N. The K did not influence the yield and the severity of the disease in these experiments. Bigger areas below the severity progress curve of the white spot and better yield were observed with increasing doses of N. Thus, with increasing doses of N, the white spot increased and also did the yield.
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Num mercado de electricidade competitivo onde existe um ambiente de incerteza, as empresas de geração adoptam estratégias que visam a maximização do lucro, e a minimização do risco. Neste contexto, é de extrema importância para desenvolver uma estratégia adequada de gestão de risco ter em conta as diferentes opções de negociação de energia num mercado liberalizado, de forma a suportar a tomada de decisões na gestão de risco. O presente trabalho apresenta um modelo que avalia a melhor estratégia de um produtor de energia eléctrica que comercializa num mercado competitivo, onde existem dois mercados possíveis para a transacção de energia: o mercado organizado (bolsa) e o mercado de contratos bilaterais. O produtor tenta maximizar seus lucros e minimizar os riscos correspondentes, seleccionando o melhor equilíbrio entre os dois mercados possíveis (bolsa e bilateral). O mercado de contratos bilaterais visa gerir adequadamente os riscos inerentes à operação de mercados no curto prazo (mercado organizado) e dar o vendedor / comprador uma capacidade real de escolher o fornecedor com que quer negociar. O modelo apresentado neste trabalho faz uma caracterização explícita do risco no que diz respeito ao agente de mercado na questão da sua atitude face ao risco, medido pelo Value at Risk (VaR), descrito neste trabalho por Lucro-em-Risco (PAR). O preço e os factores de risco de volume são caracterizados por um valor médio e um desvio padrão, e são modelizados por distribuições normais. Os resultados numéricos são obtidos utilizando a simulação de Monte Carlo implementado em Matlab, e que é aplicado a um produtor que mantém uma carteira diversificada de tecnologias de geração, para um horizonte temporal de um ano. Esta dissertação está organizada da seguinte forma: o capítulo 1, 2 e 3 descrevem o estado-da-arte relacionado com a gestão de risco na comercialização de energia eléctrica. O capítulo 4 descreve o modelo desenvolvido e implementado, onde é também apresentado um estudo de caso com uma aplicação do modelo para avaliar o risco de negociação de um produtor. No capítulo 5 são apresentadas as principais conclusões.
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Dissertação apresentada à Escola Superior de Comunicação Social para obtenção de grau de mestre em Publicidade e Marketing.
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A publicidade como técnica de comunicação com fins comerciais e com conteúdos persuasivos só emerge com o capitalismo moderno, isto é, a publicidade surge como reflexo do desenvolvimento da economia industrial, cuja meta é alcançar o consumo massivo. Com a modernidade nasce a publicidade como meio de comunicação; como afirmou o professor J.A. Martin, «é com a modernidade que emerge o mito da liberdade». Se liberdade significa agir livremente, se significa a coexistência de diferentes ideias e opções, a publicidade significa informação sobre a diversidade de escolha entre diferentes marcas, que se dirigem a diferentes modos de vida.
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Joining of components with structural adhesives is currently one of the most widespread techniques for advanced structures (e.g., aerospace or aeronautical). Adhesive bonding does not involve drilling operations and it distributes the load over a larger area than mechanical joints. However, peak stresses tend to develop near the overlap edges because of differential straining of the adherends and load asymmetry. As a result, premature failures can be expected, especially for brittle adhesives. Moreover, bonded joints are very sensitive to the surface treatment of the material, service temperature, humidity and ageing. To surpass these limitations, the combination of adhesive bonding with spot-welding is a choice to be considered, adding a few advantages like superior static strength and stiffness, higher peeling and fatigue strength and easier fabrication, as fixtures during the adhesive curing are not needed. The experimental and numerical study presented here evaluates hybrid spot-welded/bonded single-lap joints in comparison with the purely spot-welded and bonded equivalents. A parametric study on the overlap length (LO) allowed achieving different strength advantages, up to 58% compared to spot-welded joints and 24% over bonded joints. The Finite Element Method (FEM) and Cohesive Zone Models (CZM) for damage growth were also tested in Abaqus® to evaluate this technique for strength prediction, showing accurate estimations for all kinds of joints.
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Thèse pour obtenir le grade de DOCTEUR DE L' UNIVERSITÉ PARIS XII, Discipline: Urbanisme Aménagement
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The energy sector in industrialized countries has been restructured in the last years, with the purpose of decreasing electricity prices through the increase in competition, and facilitating the integration of distributed energy resources. However, the restructuring process increased the complexity in market players' interactions and generated emerging problems and new issues to be addressed. In order to provide players with competitive advantage in the market, decision support tools that facilitate the study and understanding of these markets become extremely useful. In this context arises MASCEM (Multi-Agent Simulator of Competitive Electricity Markets), a multi-agent based simulator that models real electricity markets. To reinforce MASCEM with the capability of recreating the electricity markets reality in the fullest possible extent, it is crucial to make it able to simulate as many market models and player types as possible. This paper presents a new negotiation model implemented in MASCEM based on the negotiation model used in day-ahead market (Elspot) of Nord Pool. This is a key module to study competitive electricity markets, as it presents well defined and distinct characteristics from the already implemented markets, and it is a reference electricity market in Europe (the one with the larger amount of traded power).
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Tese apresentada para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Doutor de Ciencias da Comunicação
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Relatório de Estágio apresentado para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Mestre em Ensino de Inglês e Espanhol no 3º ciclo do Ensino Básico e no Ensino Secundário
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Dissertação apresentada para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Mestre em Tradução, Área de Especialização em Inglês
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O dispositivo publicitário sempre teve uma presença totalitária, no sentido de espaço e tempo, na vida dos indivíduos na sociedade de consumo (fala-se de 200 a 5 mil impactos diários). Nos anos mais recentes, a introdução de ferramentas digitais e a instituição de novos circuitos de comunicação levou a indústria publicitária a uma mudança de paradigma. A grande transformação está a acontecer ao nível das linhas de visibilidade, uma vez que a publicidade tradicional, baseada nos mass media, vem perdendo influência para os circuitos one-to-one. A crescente migração para os equipamentos pessoais e móveis (computadores, tablets ou smartphones) abriu caminho para novas formas de comunicação entre as marcas e os consumidores, com circuitos mais fechados ou mesmo personalizados. A alteração dos circuitos relacionais permite identificar um novo contexto: estamos a viver a era da publicidade invisível. Hoje a mensagem pode ser enviada apenas a públicos específicos, melhor identificados e por isso mais qualificados, passando longe do olhar dos consumidores que não interessa atingir. A introdução dessas ferramentas digitais institui uma nova economia do poder, uma vez que tornou a mensagem publicitária mais eficaz para fazer circular a mercadoria.
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The parasitic inspection of 745 jaraqui fillets (Semaprochilodus insignis Schomburgk, 1814) from the rio Negro, Manaus (AM) - Brazil, show a low prevalence of metacercaria cysts of Clinostomum marginatum Rudolphi, 1819. From the collected samples since 1981 to 1983, only showed the cysts.