Resveratrol Metabolites Modify Adipokine Expression and Secretion in 3T3-L1 Pre-Adipocytes and Mature Adipocytes

Objective: Due to the low bioavailability of resveratrol, determining whether its metabolites exert any beneficial effect is an interesting issue. Methods: 3T3-L1 maturing pre-adipocytes were treated during differentiation with 25 mu M of resveratrol or with its metabolites and 3T3-L1 mature adipocytes were treated for 24 hours with 10 mM resveratrol or its metabolites. The gene expression of adiponectin, leptin, visfatin and apelin was assessed by Real Time RT-PCR and their concentration in the incubation medium was quantified by ELISA. Results: Resveratrol reduced mRNA levels of leptin and increased those of adiponectin. It induced the same changes in leptin secretion. Trans-resveratrol-3-O-glucuronide and trans-resveratrol-4'-O-glucuronide increased apelin and visfatin mRNA levels. Trans-resveratrol-3-O-sulfate reduced leptin mRNA levels and increased those of apelin and visfatin. Conclusions: The present study shows for the first time that resveratrol metabolites have a regulatory effect on adipokine expression and secretion. Since resveratrol has been reported to reduce body-fat accumulation and to improve insulin sensitivity, and considering that these effects are mediated in part by changes in the analyzed adipokines, it may be proposed that resveratrol metabolites play a part in these beneficial effects of resveratrol.

Design, Construction and Testing of a Hydraulic Power Take-Off for Wave Energy Converters

This paper presents the construction, mathematical modeling and testing of a scaled universal hydraulic Power Take-Off (PTO) device for Wave Energy Converters (WECs). A specific prototype and test bench were designed and built to carry out the tests. The results obtained from these tests were used to adjust an in-house mathematical model. The PTO was initially designed to be coupled to a scaled wave energy capture device with a low speed and high torque oscillating motion and high power fluctuations. Any Energy Capture Device (ECD) that fulfils these requirements can be coupled to this PTO, provided that its scale is adequately defined depending on the rated power of the full scale prototype. The initial calibration included estimation of the pressure drops in the different components, the pressurization time of the oil inside the hydraulic cylinders and the volumetric efficiency of the complete circuit. Since the overall efficiency measured during the tests ranged from 0.69 to 0.8 and the dynamic performance of the PTO was satisfactory, the results are really promising and it is believed that this solution might prove effective in real devices.

¿Cómo desarrollar un curriculum universitario en la sociedad del conocimiento? IKD un modelo de desarrollo curricular en la Universidad del País Vasco

Capítulo del libro: Balluerka Lasa, Nekane; Alkorta Idiakez, Itziar (eds.) "Desarrollo curricular de las nuevas titulaciones de grado" (ISBN: 978-84-9860-533-4)

Diderot como lugar de encuentro: estética, ética y retórica en El sobrino de Rameau

435 p.

Diseño, aplicación y evaluación de un programa para el desarrollo de la iniciativa personal en la formación profesional inicial

203 p.

Cogeneración de procesos en el desarrollo de una práctica escultórica

96 p. : il.

Humor y comicidad: la aportación freudiana

Presentado en las Jornadas sobre "El humor (y los humores) en el mundo antiguo", organizado por el Departamento de Estudios Clásicos y el Instituto de Ciencias de la Antigüedad de la UPV y celebrado en Vitoria-Gasteiz los días 16 y 17 de octubre de 2007.

Part I. A study of the velocity structure of the earth by the use of core phases. Part II. The 1971 San Fernando earthquake series focal mechanisms and tectonics

The initial objective of Part I was to determine the nature of upper mantle discontinuities, the average velocities through the mantle, and differences between mantle structure under continents and oceans by the use of P'dP', the seismic core phase P'P' (PKPPKP) that reflects at depth d in the mantle. In order to accomplish this, it was found necessary to also investigate core phases themselves and their inferences on core structure. P'dP' at both single stations and at the LASA array in Montana indicates that the following zones are candidates for discontinuities with varying degrees of confidence: 800-950 km, weak; 630-670 km, strongest; 500-600 km, strong but interpretation in doubt; 350-415 km, fair; 280-300 km, strong, varying in depth; 100-200 km, strong, varying in depth, may be the bottom of the low-velocity zone. It is estimated that a single station cannot easily discriminate between asymmetric P'P' and P'dP' for lead times of about 30 sec from the main P'P' phase, but the LASA array reduces this uncertainty range to less than 10 sec. The problems of scatter of P'P' main-phase times, mainly due to asymmetric P'P', incorrect identification of the branch, and lack of the proper velocity structure at the velocity point, are avoided and the analysis shows that one-way travel of P waves through oceanic mantle is delayed by 0.65 to 0.95 sec relative to United States mid-continental mantle.

A new P-wave velocity core model is constructed from observed times, dt/dΔ's, and relative amplitudes of P'; the observed times of SKS, SKKS, and PKiKP; and a new mantle-velocity determination by Jordan and Anderson. The new core model is smooth except for a discontinuity at the inner-core boundary determined to be at a radius of 1215 km. Short-period amplitude data do not require the inner core Q to be significantly lower than that of the outer core. Several lines of evidence show that most, if not all, of the arrivals preceding the DF branch of P' at distances shorter than 143° are due to scattering as proposed by Haddon and not due to spherically symmetric discontinuities just above the inner core as previously believed. Calculation of the travel-time distribution of scattered phases and comparison with published data show that the strongest scattering takes place at or near the core-mantle boundary close to the seismic station.

In Part II, the largest events in the San Fernando earthquake series, initiated by the main shock at 14 00 41.8 GMT on February 9, 1971, were chosen for analysis from the first three months of activity, 87 events in all. The initial rupture location coincides with the lower, northernmost edge of the main north-dipping thrust fault and the aftershock distribution. The best focal mechanism fit to the main shock P-wave first motions constrains the fault plane parameters to: strike, N 67° (± 6°) W; dip, 52° (± 3°) NE; rake, 72° (67°-95°) left lateral. Focal mechanisms of the aftershocks clearly outline a downstep of the western edge of the main thrust fault surface along a northeast-trending flexure. Faulting on this downstep is left-lateral strike-slip and dominates the strain release of the aftershock series, which indicates that the downstep limited the main event rupture on the west. The main thrust fault surface dips at about 35° to the northeast at shallow depths and probably steepens to 50° below a depth of 8 km. This steep dip at depth is a characteristic of other thrust faults in the Transverse Ranges and indicates the presence at depth of laterally-varying vertical forces that are probably due to buckling or overriding that causes some upward redirection of a dominant north-south horizontal compression. Two sets of events exhibit normal dip-slip motion with shallow hypocenters and correlate with areas of ground subsidence deduced from gravity data. Several lines of evidence indicate that a horizontal compressional stress in a north or north-northwest direction was added to the stresses in the aftershock area 12 days after the main shock. After this change, events were contained in bursts along the downstep and sequencing within the bursts provides evidence for an earthquake-triggering phenomenon that propagates with speeds of 5 to 15 km/day. Seismicity before the San Fernando series and the mapped structure of the area suggest that the downstep of the main fault surface is not a localized discontinuity but is part of a zone of weakness extending from Point Dume, near Malibu, to Palmdale on the San Andreas fault. This zone is interpreted as a decoupling boundary between crustal blocks that permits them to deform separately in the prevalent crustal-shortening mode of the Transverse Ranges region.

Avaliação dos métodos para análise da microinfiltração marginal em restaurações de resina composta classe V in vitro

O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar os resultados da microinfiltração marginal obtidos por diferentes meios de aquisição de imagens e métodos de mensuração da penetração de prata em restaurações de resina composta classe V, in vitro. Dezoito pré-molares humanos hígidos, recém extraídos, foram divididos em três grupos, de acordo com o tipo de instrumento para preparação cavitária utilizado. Grupo 1: ponta diamantada número 3100, em alta rotação. Grupo 2: broca carbide número 330, em alta rotação. Grupo 3: ponta CVDentus código 82137, em aparelho de ultrassom. Foram realizados preparos cavitários padronizados (3x4x2mm) classe V nas faces vestibular e lingual de todos os dentes, com margens oclusais em esmalte e cervicais em dentina/cemento. As cavidades foram restauradas com o sistema adesivo Solobond M (VOCO) e resina composta Grandio (VOCO), a qual foi inserida e fotoativada em três incrementos. Os corpos de prova ficaram imersos em água destilada por 24h a 37oC; receberam acabamento e polimento com discos SofLex (3M) e foram novamente armazenados em água destilada, por sete dias. Posteriormente, as superfícies dentárias foram coberta com duas camadas de esmalte para unhas vermelho, exceto as áreas adjacentes às restaurações. Os espécimes ficaram imersos em solução aquosa de nitrato de prata a 50% por 24h e em solução fotorreveladora por 2h e foram seccionados no sentido vestíbulo-lingual, passando pelo centro das restaurações, com disco diamantado em baixa rotação. As amostras foram polidas em politriz horizontal e analisadas por diferentes métodos. À extensão da microinfiltração foi atribuído escores de 0 a 3 através de análises por meio de estereomicroscópio tradicional e com leds e microscópio ótico. As imagens obtidas na lupa com leds e no microscópio ótico tiveram as áreas infiltradas medidas através do software AxioVision. O teste χ2 de McNemar-Bowker revelou concordância estatística entre estereomicroscópio tradicional e o com leds (p=0,809) durante análises semiquantitativas. Porém, houve diferenças significantes entre microscópio ótico e estereomicroscópios (p<0,001). Houve boa correlação entre análises semiquantitativas e quantitativas de acordo com o teste de Spearmann (p<0,001). O teste de Kruskall-Wallis não revelou diferenças estatisticamente significantes (p=0,174) entre os grupos experimentais na análise quantitativa por microscópio ótico, em esmalte. Ao contrário do que se observa com a mesma em lupa (p<0,001). Conclui-se que o método de atribuição de escores comumente aplicado com a lupa nos estudos da microinfiltração marginal é uma opção confiável para análise da microinfiltração.

Comidas preparadas sin gluten : APPCC y planes de apoyo

La enfermedad celíaca es una intolerancia permanente al gluten, proteína que forma parte de algunos cereales como trigo,cebada, centeno, triticale, kamut, espelta y probablemente, avena. Esta proteína puede producir una lesión severa en la mucosa del intestino de los individuos celiacos que influye en la adecuada absorción de los nutrientes de los alimentos (proteínas, grasas, hidratos de carbono, sales minerales y vitaminas), provocando en ocasiones desequilibrios nutricionales. Los síntomas más habituales de la enfermedad son diarrea, malnutrición, distensión abdominal, rechazo alimentario, anemia, osteoporosis y en niños, retraso en el crecimiento. En España la prevalencia de la enfermedad celíaca es del 1% aunque hay que tener en cuenta que según estudios recientes el 75% de los celíacos están sin diagnosticar. En la actualidad el único tratamiento posible es mantener de por vida una alimentación libre de gluten. Cuando se sigue una dieta estricta sin gluten, las personas celíacas recuperan la estructura normal del intestino y desaparecen los síntomas descritos. El enfermo celíaco debe retirar de su dieta habitual los cereales que contienen gluten y todos los derivados de éstos. Algunos alimentos se identifican fácilmente, como por ejemplo, harinas, pastas alimenticias, productos de bollería y pastelería, panes, etc. Sin embargo, otros derivados forman parte de los alimentos como ingredientes y no se reconocen fácilmente. Dentro de este grupo se encuentran féculas, malta, sémolas, aditivos espesantes, etc.

Del boceto al objeto a través del BIT en la obra "La materia del tiempo", de Richard Serra

423 p.

Zeliakoentzako elikagaien elaborazioa. AKKPA eta laguntza-plangintza

Gaixotasun zeliakoa glutenarekiko intolerantzia jarraia da. Glutena gari, garagar, zekale, tritikale, kamut, espelta eta ziurrenik ere oloan dagoen proteina da. Glutenak zeliakoen heste-mukosan kalte larria eragin dezake eta ondorioz nutrienteen (poteina, gantz, karbohidrato, gatz mineral eta bitaminen) xurgapena muga dezake, kasu batzuetan desoreka nutrizionala eraginez. Gaixotasunaren sintoma ohikoenak beherakoa, malnutrizioa, sabeldistentsioa, elikagaien ukoa, anemia, osteoporosia eta, umeetan, hazkuntza-atzerapena dira. Espainian gaixotasun zeliakoaren prebalentzia %1 da, baina, hala ere, azken ikerketen arabera, zeliakoen %75 diagnostikatu gabe dago oraindik. Gaur egun, glutenik gabeko dieta jarraitzea da gaixotasun honek duen tratamendu bakarra. Glutenik gabeko dieta zorrotz bat jarraitzen denean, zeliakoek hestearen egitura normala berreskuratzen dute, eta aipatutako sintomak desagertzen dira. Pertsona zeliakoak glutena duten zerealak eta horien eratorriak baztertu behar ditu dietatik. Elikagai batzuk erraz identifikatzen dira: hala nola, irina, pasta, opilak, pastelak eta horien eratorriak, eta abar. Beste batzuk, ordea, elikagaiaren osagai direnez, ez dira elikagaitzat ezagutzen eta antzemateko zailagoak izaten dira. Talde horretan fekulak, malta, semolak, gehigarri loditzaileak, eta abar daude.

Modeling Innovative Power Take-Off Based on Double-Acting Hydraulic Cylinders Array for Wave Energy Conversion

One of the key systems of a Wave Energy Converter for extraction of wave energy is the Power Take-Off (PTO) device. This device transforms the mechanical energy of a moving body into electrical energy. This paper describes the model of an innovative PTO based on independently activated double-acting hydraulic cylinders array. The model has been developed using a simulation tool, based on a port-based approach to model hydraulics systems. The components and subsystems used in the model have been parameterized as real components and their values experimentally obtained from an existing prototype. In fact, the model takes into account most of the hydraulic losses of each component. The simulations show the flexibility to apply different restraining torques to the input movement depending on the geometrical configuration and the hydraulic cylinders on duty, easily modified by a control law. The combination of these two actions allows suitable flexibility to adapt the device to different sea states whilst optimizing the energy extraction. The model has been validated using a real test bench showing good correlations between simulation and experimental tests.

Analysis of Body Composition and Food Habits of Spanish Celiac Women

The purpose of the present work was both to analyze composition of Spanish celiac women and to study the food habits and gluten-free diet of these celiac patients, in order to determine whether they achieve a balanced and healthy diet as well as to highlight nutritional qualitative and/or quantitative differences. 54 adult celiac women (34 +/- 13 years) took part in the six-month study. Height, weight and body composition were measured. An analysis of energy consumption and of the macronutrient distribution of their diet was carried out. Their fulfillment of micronutrient intake recommendations was verified. Participants showed a Body Mass Index of 21.6 +/- 2.4 kg/m(2). Energy Intake was slightly lower than the Dietary Reference Intakes. Excessive protein apart from over-consumption of fat was observed. More than three quarters of participants consumed meat in excess. Carbohydrate consumption along with that of fiber was below recommended levels. Vitamin D, iron, and iodine had a low percentage of recommendation compliance. In general, participants followed the recommendations of dairy products and fruit intake whereas vegetable consumption was not enough for the vast majority. We conclude that although the diet of celiac women does not differ much from the diet of general population, some considerations, such as reducing fat and protein consumption and increasing fiber intake, must be taken into account.

Cambios Sociodemográficos y Marketing: los Nuevos Modelos Familiares

Conocer el comportamiento del consumidor es fundamental para las empresas y en particular, para el marketing y los estudios de mercado. El comportamiento del consumidor no es estático si no que evoluciona con los cambios socioeconómicos que se producen en su entorno. Tal circunstancia tiene especial importancia si nos referimos a la principal unidad de consumo, que es la familia y a los nuevos modelos en los que se articula. Entre estos nuevos modelos familiares, los singles son un nicho de mercado especialmente atractivo para las empresas. En este trabajo se pretende no sólo definir el concepto sino también analizar las características que los definen y sus hábitos de consumo. Pero los singles no constituyen un grupo de consumidores totalmente homogéneo pues existen diferencias significativas entre ellos. Analizar las variables que los diferencian, como la edad, el género, la situación económica y sobre todo, la razón por la que han decidido ser singles es algo primordial para comprender sus necesidades y su comportamiento como consumidor y así establecer estrategias de marketing eficaces. Los singles son un nicho de mercado con un potencial de desarrollo importante en el futuro por lo que las empresas deben diseñar estrategias de marketing específicas para ellos.