O contributo do Programa de Interação e Socialização pela Música (PISM), na promoção do desenvolvimento pessoal e social dos alunos com Trissomia 21, entre pares sem e com Trissomia 21

Pretendeu-se com esta investigação, compreender o contributo do Programa de Interação e Socialização pela Música (PISM), aplicado em 39 sessões, na promoção do desenvolvimento pessoal e social dos alunos com Trissomia 21 (T21), com os seus pares sem necessidades educativas especiais (NEE). Participaram neste estudo de caso 16 alunos, com idades compreendidas entre os 10 e os 16 anos de idade, de um Agrupamento de Escolas do concelho de Loulé, do distrito de Faro, durante o ano letivo de 2013/2014. Estes dados foram recolhidos através da técnica Focus Group aos alunos sem NEE. Foram também utilizadas grelhas de registo. Os dados foram tratados com base numa metodologia qualitativa. Concluiu-se que o programa de Educação Musical PISM permitiu aos alunos com T21, na opinião dos colegas sem NEE, melhorar o seu desenvolvimento pessoal e social, tal como, a sua capacidade de comunicação, participação, interação, convivência, com os seus pares e compreensão em relação ao que lhes era proposto. A Música é vista por todos como um meio privilegiado que quebra qualquer diferença que exista entre eles, sendo esta considerada como um canal de comunicação sem barreiras, onde todos podem aprender com todos, ou seja, a Música é uma linguagem universal promotora de amizade.

Introdução à música contemporânea portuguesa de viola d’arco : um estudo de caso

Esta dissertação baseia-se no estudo da introdução da música contemporânea portuguesa de viola d’arco num grupo de alunos de viola d’arco da Casa Pia de Lisboa, através de composições encomendadas a nove compositores portugueses. Incide também na análise das atitudes em relação à música contemporânea portuguesa por parte de professores de viola d’arco portugueses. Procurou-se ampliar o repertório da viola d’arco através da encomenda de obras didáticas, e o repertório expressivo dos alunos envolvidos. Verificou-se que a introdução tardia da música contemporânea no ensino da música e a desatualização dos programas podem condicionar a atitude dos músicos em relação à mesma, sendo importante uma mudança de paradigma. Parecem não existir dificuldades técnicas na abordagem a estas obras por parte dos alunos. Houve também uma aceitação por parte dos professores em introduzir estes conceitos, tendo existido igualmente uma abertura por parte dos compositores contemporâneos envolvidos, em criar obras didáticas para viola d’arco.

NEW PERSPECTIVES: TRANSCRIPTIONS FOR VIOLA

One must only glance upon Franz Zeyringer’s 400-page, exhaustive Literatur für Viola to understand the error of the familiar but casual criticism of the paucity of the viola catalogue. Examining Zeyringer’s resource, however, we find a trend: while the viola repertoire contains many pieces (over 14,000 works) and does lay claim to many masterworks (Bartok’s Viola Concerto, Hindemith’s Sonatas, Mozart’s Sinfonia Concertante, etc.), many of the pieces originally written for the instrument are not widely recognized compositions and not often considered outstanding achievements. The violist, much like the double-bassist, bassoonist, and hornist, faces a certain challenge when selecting repertoire for a recital: a lack of large, important works that both fit the instrument and challenge the recitalist. This project will aim to expand recital repertoire for the viola through the development of new transcriptions, using the previously transcribed Fantasy Pieces by Schumann (trans. Leonard Davis) and Sonata No. 2 in E-flat, Op. 120 by Brahms (trans. Brahms) as an inspiration and guide. As a result, the catalogue of viola repertoire will not only be increased but the difference in tone and depth of the instrument may unveil previously unnoticed perspectives on the works. With a primary aim to expand the literature of the viola through the development of new transcriptions, this project will also strive to offer new, previously unnoticed perspectives on preexisting works. Through the changing of the instrumentation, listeners and performers will have the opportunity to explore the character of the compositions in a fresh and possibly illuminating way. Perhaps this project will encourage previously unexplored transcriptions to be realized and performed. While the recital repertoire for the viola boasts many and great works, the original transcriptions of this project attempt to infuse the collection with new and interesting possibilities for both study and performance. This dissertation project is comprised of three recitals featuring works transcribed for viola and, in most cases, newly transcribed by myself. All events took place on the campus of University of Maryland, College Park: Recital #1 on November 9, 2014 in the Gildenhorn Recital Hall of the Clarice Smith Performing Arts Center; Recital #2 on May 9, 2015, in Ulrich Recital Hall; and Recital #3 on November 6, 2015, in the Gildenhorn Recital Hall. 

Teaching Sight-Reading to Undergraduate Choral Ensemble Singers: Lessons from Successful Learners

This study was designed to investigate professional choral singers’ training, perceptions on the importance of sight-reading skill in their work, and thoughts on effective pedagogy for teaching sight-reading to undergraduate choral ensemble singers. Participants in this study (N=48) included self-selected professional singers and choral conductors from the Summer 2015 Oregon Bach Festival’s Berwick Chorus and conducting Master Class. Data were gathered from questionnaire responses and audio recorded focus group sessions. Focus group data showed that the majority of participants developed proficiency in their sight-reading skills from instrumental study, aural skills classes, and through on-the-job training at a church job or other professional choral singing employment. While participants brought up a number of important job skills, sightreading was listed as perhaps the single most important skill that a professional choral singer could develop. When reading music during the rehearsal process, the data revealed two main strategies that professional singers used to interpret the pitches in their musical line: an intervallic approach and a harmonic approach. Participants marked their scores systematically to identify problem spots and leave reminders to aid with future readings, such as marking intervals, solfege syllables, or rhythmic counts. Participants reported using a variety of skills other than score marking to try to accurately find their pitches, such as looking at other vocal or instrumental lines, looking ahead, and using knowledge about a musical style or time period to make more intuitive “guesses” when sight-reading. Participants described using additional approaches when sight-reading in an audition situation, including scanning for anchors or anomalies and positive self-talk. Singers learned these sight-reading techniques from a variety of sources. Participants had many different ideas about how best to teach sight-reading in the undergraduate choral ensemble rehearsal. The top response was that sight-reading needed to be practiced consistently in order for students to improve. Other responses included developing personal accountability, empowering students, combining different teaching methods, and discussing real-life applications of becoming strong sight-readers. There was discussion about the ultimate purpose of choir at the university level and whether it is to teach musicianship skills or produce excellent performances.

What's the Matter with Extended Techniques? Getting Beyond the Stigma in the Horn and Percussion Repertoire

For this project I prepared a series of recitals featuring music for horn and percussion, in which the horn part featured extended horn techniques. For this project, I considered anything beyond the open or muted horn an extended technique. These techniques range from the common hand-stopped note passages to complex new techniques involving half-valves, multi-phonics, and more, for new sounds desired by the composer. There are several pieces written for solo horn and percussion, with ensembles ranging from simple duets to solo horn with a full percussion ensemble. However, few include extended techniques for the horn. All of these select pieces are lesser known because of their difficulty, primarily because of the challenge of the extended techniques requested by the composer. In the introduction to this paper I give a brief background to the project, where the current repertoire stands, and my experiences with commissioning works for this genre. I then give a brief history and how-to on the more common extended techniques, which were found in almost every piece. I separated these techniques so that they could be referenced in the performance notes without being extremely repetitive in their description. Then follows the main performance notes of the repertoire chosen, which includes a brief description of the piece itself and a longer discussion for performers and composers who wish to learn more about these techniques. In this section my primary focus is the extended techniques used and I provide score samples with permission to further the education of the next musicians to tackle this genre. All works performed for this project were recorded and accompany this paper in the Digital Repository at the University of Maryland (DRUM). The following works were included in this project: o Howard J. Buss, Dreams from the Shadows (2015) o Howard J. Buss, Night Tide (1995) o George Crumb, An Idyll for the Misbegotten, trans. Robert Patterson (1986/1997) o Charles Fernandez, Metamorphosis: A Horn’s Life, “Prenatal and Toddler” (2016, unfinished) o Helen Gifford, Of Old Angkor (1995) o Douglas Hill, Thoughtful Wanderings… (1990) o Pierre-Yves Level, Duetto pour Cor en Fa et Percussion (1999) o David Macbride, Elegy for Horn and Timpani (2009) o Brian Prechtl, A Song of David (1995) o Verne Reynolds, HornVibes (1986) o Pablo Salazar, Cincontar (2016) o Mark Schultz, Dragons in the Sky (1989) o Faye-Ellen Silverman, Protected Sleep (2007) o Charles Taylor, Sonata for Horn and Marimba (1991) o Robert Wolk, Tessellations (2016) With this project, I intend to promote these pieces and the techniques used to encourage more works written in this style, and reveal to fellow horn players that the techniques should not prevent these great works from being performed. Due to the lack of repertoire, I successfully commissioned new pieces featuring extended techniques, which were featured in the final recital.

The Effect of Attentional Focus on Singing Voice Quality: Towards the Interdisciplinary Experimental Investigation of Singing Pedagogy

Instructional methods employed by teachers of singing are mostly drawn from personal experience, personal reflections, and methods encountered in their own voice training (Welch & Howard, 2005). Even in Academia, singing pedagogy is one of the few disciplines in which research of teaching/learning practice efficacy has not been established (Crocco, et al., 2016). This dissertation argues the reason for this deficit is a lack of operationalization of constructs in singing, which, to date has not been undertaken. The researcher addresses issues of paradigm, epistemology, and methodology to suggest an appropriate model of experimental research towards the assessment of teaching/learning practice efficacy. A study was conducted adapting attentional focus research methodologies to test the effect of attentional focus on singing voice quality in adult novice singers. Based on previous attentional focus studies, it was hypothesized that external focus conditions would result in superior singing voice quality than internal focus conditions. While the hypothesis was partially supported by the data, the researcher welcomed refinement of the suggested research model. It is hoped that new research methodologies will emerge to investigate singing phenomena, yielding data that may be used towards the development of evidence-based frameworks for singing training.

Einzeluntersuchungen

Beginnend mit dem Band „Musikpädagogische Forschung 1980 – Einzeluntersuchungen" legt der Arbeitskreis Musikpädagogische Forschung e.V. eine neue Publikationsreihe vor, in der er jährlich über die Arbeit seiner Mitglieder und über wichtige Forschungen im In- und Ausland berichten will. Das Jahrbuch ist damit nicht nur ein Forum der immer zahlreicher werdenden musikpädagogisch forschenden Kollegen in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland, sondern soll auch über die zunehmende Fülle musikpädagogischer und musikdidaktischer Grundlagenforschung in zahlreichen Ländern der Welt informieren. Musikpädagogische Forschung ist nicht an Methoden gebunden, sondern an Fragestellungen orientiert: Die Inhalte des ersten Bandes werden deshalb dokumentieren, daß der Pluralismus der Methoden in den letzten Jahren für viele Kollegen selbstverständlich geworden ist. Musikpädagogische Forschung braucht sich nicht eigens zu legitimieren; wenn ihre Ergebnisse in den letzten Jahren nicht immer den erwünschten Praxisbezug hatten, so ist das nicht nur auf die Jugendlichkeit dieses Forschungsimpulses zurückzuführen, sondern auch auf die Schwierigkeit, fächerübergreifend zu arbeiten. Das Jahrbuch „Musikpädagogische Forschung" wird sich deshalb besonders darum bemühen, Musikpädagogen, Musikwissenschaftler, Musikpsychologen, Musiktherapeuten sowie Vertreter anderer Disziplinen zur Mitarbeit zu bewegen und anzusprechen. (DIPF/Orig.)

Gefühl als Erlebnis - Ausdruck als Sinn

Die 13. Arbeitstagung des AMPF – im 10. Jahr seines Bestehens – widmete sich einem Thema, das sich zwar allgemeiner Wertschätzung erfreut, aber in der Vergangenheit kaum intensiv behandelt wurde, der Rolle von Gefühl und Ausdruck in der Musik. Zwar ist der Begriff der affektiven Lernziele zur gängigen Floskel geworden, aber den wenigsten ist bewußt, dass mit diesem Begriff im erziehungswissenschaftlichen Sinne (s. Bloom et al.) die positive Einstellung zu einem Gegenstand, also z. B. die Wertschätzung von Musik gemeint ist, nicht aber die Affekte, die Musik z. B. gemäß barocker Affektenlehre vermitteln kann. Daß auf dieser Tagung fast alle Beiträge dem Tagungsthema galten, zeigt die Aktualität der gewählten Problematik. Die Formulierung „Gefühl als Erlebnis – Ausdruck als Sinn" mag der Leser als Programm, als zweifelnde Frage oder auch nur als Anregung zum Nachdenken verstehen, keineswegs aber als Aufforderung zur Gefühlsduselei. (DIPF/Orig.)

Kind und Musik

Wie die Hamburger Tagung zeigte, reicht das, was an empirisch abgesicherter Erkenntnis über „Kind und Musik" vorliegt, bei weitem nicht aus zur wissenschaftlichen Fundierung einer Theorie musikalischer Erziehung, die zugleich Handlungsanweisungen für den beruflichen Alltag der Pädagogen enthielte. Dies mutet 25 Jahre nach Gerhard Kubes gleichnamiger Schrift als Rückschritt an. Denn dort wird aus dem damals als gesichert betrachteten entwicklungspsychologischen Stufenmodell ein an Jahrgangsstufen fixiertes musikunterrichtliches Vorgehen dargelegt, das mit dem Anspruch wissenschaftlicher Absicherung verbunden war. Inzwischen aber ist die Stufentheorie widerlegt — ein dynamisches Modell ist an ihre Stelle getreten. Allgemein verbreitete Auffassungen musikalischer Begabung sind problematisiert worden — an zentrale Stelle des Entwicklungsprozesses rückte statt dessen der Sozialisationsbegriff, der heute wiederum in einer Interaktionstheorie aufgehoben wird. Der Anspruch auf eine geschlossene Theorie musikalischer „Bildung" wurde zurückgestellt zugunsten notwendiger und auch methodisch leistbarer Detailuntersuchungen. Schließlich mußte die intentionale Erziehung der Schule angesichts stark mediengeprägter funktionaler Erziehungsprozesse in außerschulischen Bereichen relativiert werden. Vor diesem Hintergrund erbrachte die Tagung, deren Referate hier nachzulesen sind, durchaus Nützliches: die Aufarbeitung historischer Aspekte pädagogischer Musik unseres Jahrhunderts, die kritische Darstellung musikalischer Curricula in der Früherziehung und in einem Teilbereich der Instrumentalpädagogik, musikpsychologische Theoriebildung hinsichtlich der Themen Entwicklung, Wahrnehmung und Lernen, Reflexionen zur Unterrichtsmethodik, zu Lied und Singen, zu Kindertanz, zu massenmedialer Musikangeboten, zum Versuch einer Integration ausländischer Kinder über musikalische Lernangebote, zum Gruppeneinsatz elektronischer Tasteninstrumente, zur Berücksichtigung der Popularmusik in den Curricula, sorgfältige empirische Erhebungen zu den Präferenzen für Musikinstrumente bei Jugendlichen und zur Situation der Lehrkräfte an Musikschulen. (DIPF/Orig.)

Umgang mit Musik

Die Beiträge zur Bonner AMPF:Tagung, die in diesem Band dokumentiert sind, machen das Kernproblem musikpädagogischen Denkens und Handelns deutlich: Der menschliche Umgang mit Musik und demgemäß der pädagogische verweigert sich einer idealen, interindividuellen und zeitlosen Bestimmung. Die technische Verfügbarkeit von Musik erlaubt eine Vielfunktionalität, und niemand bestreitet den hohen Stellenwert, den Musik in unserem Leben einnimmt. Gleich ob als Stimulus intellektueller Bemühung, ästhetischer Kontemplation oder ausgleichender Entspannung, ob als manipulierender Soundtrack oder als prestigespendendes Sozialetikett: Der Umgang mit Musik reicht von elitärer Ästhetisierung bis zu zweckgebundener Funktionalisierung; dem einen ist Musik stets Sinnzusammenhang, dem anderen Reizquelle und Gebrauchsgegenstand. Die Bonner Tagung sollte über das Stadium von Programmatik und Spekulation hinaus auf der Basis empirischer Erfahrung und kritischer Reflexion Positionen klären und Orientierungen geben, die wesentlich zur Versachlichung der Diskussion beitragen können. (DIPF/Orig.)

Intercultural musical learning in the era of technology

Foreign students abroad need to feel integrated in the new community, which includes complex learning processes in multicultural environments. The fact that we have experienced these processes ourselves was certainly a motivation for this research, especially knowing that we could contribute to help our fellow Portuguese brass players undergoing the same experience. From the singularity of music performance in the style of playing and communication emerge many cultural aspects, which have been developed through centuries of orchestral practice. As the new students are confronted with the aesthetic musical concepts and both professional and social practices of the country they arrive in, they strive to understand these concepts and adapt themselves to the values promoted by the new music practice. The aim of this on-going research is the study of the integration of brass music students in German universities and in the German society. Notably, through the understanding of intercultural processes experienced by the students, professors can become more aware of the challenges that concern music education. In this research all ten Portuguese brass students enrolled in any German music university in the last five years were interviewed in order to deeply understand this process. With a growing importance of the technological facilities, students are able to gather more information, to prepare themselves for the new concepts they try to embrace and to better deal with a different culture.

Prática de ensino supervisionada em ensino de Educação Musical no Ensino Básico

Este trabalho consiste no relato de experiências ensino-aprendizagem realizadas ao longo da Unidade Curricular de Prática do Ensino Supervisionada, do mestrado em Ensino da Educação Musical no Ensino Básico, na Escola Superior de Educação do Instituto Politécnico de Bragança. Dividido por duas partes, no sentido de delinear uma correlação direta entre o pressuposto teórico e a sua materialização prática, tem como objetivo a demonstração de competências pedagógico-profissionais adquiridas e desenvolvidas nos 1.º, 2.º e 3.º ciclos do referido nível formativo, reconhecendo o processo de ensino aos discentes e a produção musical dos mesmos, bem como valorizando os preceitos utilizados nos três ciclos de ensino básico. Das experiências de ensino-aprendizagem procedeu-se a uma análise crítica que poderá suscitar interesse de investigadores e futuros mestrandos na área Educação Musical.

Prática de ensino supervisionada em ensino de Educação Musical no Ensino Básico

As diferentes transformações tecnológicas, científicas, sociais e culturais colocam cada vez mais desafios ao contexto educativo. Partindo desta perspetiva e assente nos contributos epistemológicos de Schafer (1969), Paynter (1991) e Chapuis (2001), o presente Relatório de Estágio Profissional pretende mostrar as experiências de ensino e aprendizagem desenvolvidas ao longo dos três ciclos do Ensino Básico. Face aos objetivos intrínsecos à prática pedagógica nos diferentes ciclos do Ensino Básico, a componente empírica teve a sua base no modelo de investigação-ação. Da análise de todos os dados recolhidos emergiram indicadores relevantes que as atividades didáticas implementadas desempenharam um papel fundamental no desenvolvimento do saber ser e saber fazer. De salientar, que estas atividades permitiram uma proximidade e disponibilidade de todos os alunos para a prática vocal e instrumental e melhoraram o seu contentamento relativo à disciplina de Expressão/Educação Musical.

Projeto de Investigação-Ação : Vozes tocadas ... bandas cantadas

O presente documento reflete o trabalho desenvolvido no âmbito da Prática de Ensino Supervisionada (PES), realizada no Agrupamento de Escolas D. Filipa de Lencastre, em Lisboa, durante o ano letivo de 2014-2015 sob a orientação da Professora Micaela Patrício. Os relatos, e respetivas reflexões críticas são referentes à observação das aulas lecionadas pela professora Micaela Patrício ao longo do ano letivo, e à prática em onze aulas (90 minutos cada) lecionadas - 5 aulas na turma 5ºF e 6 aulas na turma 6ºD. A organização do documento consiste em quatro Capítulos: no Capítulo 1 é feito o enquadramento do ensino da música em Portugal no contexto vocacional e genérico; no Capítulo 2 é caracterizada a escola onde decorreu a PES; no Capítulo 3 são referidas as aulas observadas, lecionadas, atividades desenvolvidas fora da sala de aula e as reuniões assistidas ao longo do ano letivo; no Capítulo 4 é descrito o projeto de Investigação-ação: “Vozes Tocadas…Bandas Cantadas”. Esta temática justifica-se pela necessidade de proporcionar aos alunos aprendizagens ativas, significativas, diversificadas, integradas e socializadoras no âmbito da música. Por fim e em jeito de conclusão, apresenta-se uma reflexão englobante da aprendizagem direta e indireta no decurso da PES.