987 resultados para Direito disciplinar laboral
Resumo:
Com a presente dissertação pretende-se elaborar uma síntese do que se entende hoje por pluralismo jurídico, suas categorizações e reconhecimento nos ordenamentos jurídicos contemporâneos, visando a determinação do lugar que o costume jurídico ocupa. O principal objetivo consiste em desenvolver uma reflexão filosófica sobre a relação dialética entre o Estado e o Direito nas suas manifestações pluralísticas. O método de tematização das matérias assenta numa incessante identificação de problemas que o Direito Consuetudinário suscita, ancorando-se em última análise ao relativismo epistemológico e suas alternativas enquanto princípio aplicado à investigação de conteúdos filosóficos.Com efeito, o tema central da presente dissertação cai no domínio da Filosofia do Direito e funda-se no pressuposto de que a prática filosófica explora problemas e experiências revelados pela tradição em que se realiza. Por isso, o desafio reside na necessidade de explicar a razão por que a modernidade ocidental revela os indícios da sua própria crise, sendo esta suscetível de ser analisada a partir da inadequação do modelo de Estado-nação e dos ordenamentos jurídicos a que dá lugar em determinados contextos históricos. A dimensão empírica da demonstração constrói-se em torno de proposições e premissas que sustentam a descrição dos ordenamentos jurídicos procurando abordar as suas singularidades através de um repertório de casos com a finalidade de identificar os princípios e as normas constitucionais que tematizam essas matérias, avaliando o grau de pertinência das soluções e das respostas perante as questões formuladas.
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O dirigente associativo Manuel Ginestal Machado defendeu numa entrevista publicada no Jornal de Santarém, a 20 de Março de 1958, que “todos têm direito à cultura”. Esta afirmação decorria num projecto mais vasto, dinamizado entre as décadas de 30 e 50, na cidade de Santarém, por membros de um grupo social privilegiado que se empenharam na difusão cultural junto dos mais desfavorecidos da cidade, ao mesmo tempo que pretenderam contribuir para a construção da identidade da região do Ribatejo. Maioritariamente ligados ao associativismo, estes homens definiram um amplo projecto de coordenação cultural que constitui o objecto central do estudo de caso que esta tese realiza e na qual igualmente se abordou a história da importância das associações culturais e recreativas na dinâmica da cidade. Como unidades de observação estudaram-se casos significativos, como a organização do Grupo de Coordenação Cultural no pós Segunda Guerra Mundial, a fundação do Círculo Cultural Scalabitano e a tentativa de construir o “Palácio da Música”. Também se estudou o papel desenvolvido pelas mulheres, especialmente nas colectividades, numa sociedade controlada e controladora. Os interesses da vasta e heterogénea classe operária da cidade também mereceram um estudo específico a partir da análise do trabalho desenvolvido pela Sociedade Recreativa Operária. As cadeias de relacionamento cultural estabelecidas pela cidade com a região ribatejana, Lisboa e além fronteiras através da programação estabelecida com a delegação de Santarém da Alliance Française, também foram alvo de estudo. A tese pretende ser um contributo para alargar o conhecimento da história da cultura numa cidade de província, durante as décadas de 30 a 50.
Resumo:
RESUMO - 1. INTRODUÇÃO: Ao longo dos tempos, assistiu-se a um aumento da importância da Saúde Pública na Comunidade Europeia, mas só há relativamente pouco tempo teve o merecido lugar de destaque à luz da legislação comunitária. Neste contexto e com a adopção do Programa Europeu de Saúde Pública, surge a necessidade de actualizar o pensamento nesta área. Assim, é identificada uma oportunidade para formular uma estratégia, que seja passível de reduzir desigualdades e que também em compreenda as necessidades de saúde. Com o expandir da questão e com o propósito de reduzir as desigualdades, surge a Directiva 2011/24/UE, que visa regulamentar os direitos dos doentes em matéria de cuidados transfronteiriços. 2. OBJETIVO: Este trabalho apresenta como objetivo primordial analisar a Directiva 2011/24/UE, bem como a Lei n.º 52/2014, de 25 de Agosto, e identificar as principais barreiras, ao exercício do direito de acesso aos cuidados de saúde transfronteiriços, pelos beneficiários do SNS em Portugal, derivadas da aplicação de tais instrumentos legais. 3. METODOLOGIA: Foi utilizada uma abordagem analítica e documental, baseada na metodologia qualitativa. 4. CONCLUSÕES: As principais barreiras ao direito de acesso aos cuidados de saúde transfronteiriços, para os beneficiários do SNS em Portugal, são de ordem financeira, linguística e cultural, informacional, de mobilidade física, de proximidade geográfica, de carácter administrativo e de continuidade dos cuidados. A transposição da Directiva 2011/24/UE para o quadro jurídico português resulta essencialmente em iniquidades no âmbito do acesso aos cuidados de saúde transfronteiriços.
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This thesis aims at demonstrating the dogmatic autonomy of Water Law. It also intends to clarify that this branch of law must not be confused with other similar subjects of law. To accomplish this task, the thesis justifies the dogmatic autonomy of Water Law beginning by discussing the emergence of this branch of law both at international and regional levels. The thesis analyses the emergence of International Water Law, discussing the reasons of its existence, its subject and importance. It also explains the relationship between international watercourses and the need to regulate them, considering that rules related to the use and management of such resources, although created at international level, are meant to be applied at regional and local levels. The thesis demonstrates that the fact that some waters are international, because they cross different states or serve as border between two or more states, justifies the existence of international water law rules aplicable to the region and to the watercourse they are supposed to regulate. For this reason, this thesis considers not only international water law in relation with the aplicable regional water law, but also the regional law in relation with the rules aplicable to the water basins and particularly with the concerned water basin states. This relationship between rules leads us to discuss how these three spectrums of rules are conciliated, namely international or universal, regional and water basin rules. To demonstrate how all this works we chose SADC for our case study. The thesis also studies the States who benefit from rules of international water law, and all other subjects who directly use water from international watercourses, and the conclusion we reach is that who really benefits are the population of such states whose rights of access, use and management are regulated by international, regional and basin rules As we can imagine, it is not easy to concile so many different rules, applicable to a scarce resource to which many subjects in many states compete for. And the interaction of the different interests, which is done under different spectrum of rules, is what guided our study, in which we analyse how all this process functions. And the main reason of all the discussion is to conclude that there is, in fact, a dogmatic autonomy of water law. To reach such a conclusion, the thesis begins by studying how international water law is applied at local level. Considering that international watercourses usually have different regimes adopted by the basin states, which difference may cause conflicts, the thesis discusses how water law may contribute to solve possible conflicts. To do this, the thesis studies and compares rules of international water law with rules of water law applicable to SADC states, and figures out the level of interaction between such rules. Considering that basin states have to obey to local rules, first of all, and after that to international and basin level rules, the thesis studies how the differents interests at stake are managed by riparian states, who act on behalf of their population. SADC appeared to provide an excellent case study to reach this goal. And the thesis discusses all these matters, the rules and principles applicable, and provides solutions where applicable, always considering water as subject of our study. Accordingly, we discuss the right to water, its nature and how it functions, considering the facts mentioned previously. And, as we conclude, all these legal discussions over water are a clear sign of the dogmatic autonomy of water
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The Republican National Guard (GNR) is a military structure and hierarchical force where discipline and obedience is a serious matter, but at the same time, the scope of its activity relates to the protection of the rights, freedoms and guarantees of citizens and the primacy of public interest. While security force, GNR ensures democratic law, guarantee the internal security and the rights of citizens. The controversial issue that lies at the heart of this work its related with the balance between the hierarchy and the written law. The hierarchy, also established by law, with given powers, exist to apply the law. However, the rule of law has exceptions. Which institute to prioritize, hierarchy or the law. And within the law, its rules or the exceptions. Who decides? The GNR's officers have to obey the laws and regulations and comply with the accuracy and timeliness determinations, orders and instructions issued by a superior, given in terms of service, as long as does not involve the practice of crime. The GNR´s officer with command tasks exercises power of authority inherent in these functions, and the corresponding disciplinary authority, being responsible for acts by himself or by his order are practiced. Identify situations of exception to law enforcement, the situations in which one must obey illegal orders, is difficult and thankless, it requires conferred authority and raises the weight of responsibility for decisions and orders issued.
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This dissertation aims to analyze the right of withdrawal and its implications on distance and off-premises contracts, due to the importance of these contracts in our society. Our main goal is, first of all, to explain the meaning and characteristics of both distance and off-premises contracts and the reason why a right of withdrawal is granted. Secondly, we intend to explain all of the relevant aspects related to this right, such as its legal concept and main characteristics, the origin and evolution of the right of withdrawal on both European and Portuguese legislation, its implications in the contracting parties and, finally, a brief analysis of the applicable law. In a nutshell, the right of withdrawal allows the consumer to withdraw from a distance or off-premises contract, unilaterally, without having to indicate any motive to justify the decision, after a cooling-off period of 14 calendar days. In these two types of contracts such right exists due to the reasons or circumstances that lead to the conclusion of the contract.
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With the recent technological development, we have been witnessing a progressive loss of control over our personal information. Whether it is the speed in which it spreads over the internet or the permanent storage of information on cloud services, the means by which our personal information escapes our control are vast. Inevitably, this situation allowed serious violations of personal rights. The necessity to reform the European policy for protection of personal information is emerging, in order to adapt to the technological era we live in. Granting individuals the ability to delete their personal information, mainly the information which is available on the Internet, is the best solution for those whose rights have been violated. However, once supposedly deleted from the website the information is still shown in search engines. In this context, “the right to be forgotten in the internet” is invoked. Its implementation will result in the possibility for any person to delete and stop its personal information from being spread through the internet in any way, especially through search engines directories. This way we will have a more comprehensive control over our personal information in two ways: firstly, by allowing individuals to completely delete their information from any website and cloud service and secondly by limiting access of search engines to the information. This way, it could be said that a new and catchier term has been found for an “old” right.
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In Consumer Law there is a special concern to protect the consumer, who is the weaker party in the legal relationship. With this thesis we intend to show that the professional sometimes needs protection against abusive conducts from consumers. The thesis describes the different categories of abuse of rights and explains some types of consumer contracts. After examining some of the consumer’s rights, we list some situations where the consumer acts frequently with abuse of rights, by analyzing judicial decisions. We conclude that it is not possible which conducts may involve an abuse of right in an abstract manner. Only by analyzing every case and its characteristics individually can one decide where there is an abuse of right.
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A motivação laboral tem vindo a assumir cada vez mais relevância. O sucesso de uma organização depende da existência de colaboradores motivados. É fundamental que o colaborador consiga ver no trabalho uma forma de atingir os seus objetivos pessoais. Assim, uma empresa deve possuir um sistema de recompensas eficaz e que se adeque aos valores e objetivos defendidos pelos colaboradores. Partindo do pressuposto que as estratégias de motivação laboral são mais eficazes quando correspondem aos valores dos indivíduos, esta dissertação assenta, assim, em compreender a importância dos valores dos indivíduos na motivação laboral. Neste contexto, foi aplicado o inquérito de valores pessoais de Schwartz aos colaboradores da empresa Simoldes Plásticos com o objetivo de conhecer o seu perfil motivacional e perceber se este se adequa ao sistema de recompensas existente na empresa.
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RESUMO - Estudos anteriores nos Cuidados de Saúde Primários (CSP) apontam para um incremento da Deteção Precoce (DP) e Intervenções Breves (IB) em pacientes com Problemas Ligados ao Álcool (PLA) após formação apropriada dos profissionais de saúde (com melhoria das suas atitudes). Este estudo quasi experimental, exploratório, é pioneiro no âmbito da Saúde Ocupacional (SO) para a implementação de Rastreio/DP e IB nos PLA. O objetivo principal foi avaliar se uma formação sobre Rastreio/DP e IB pode melhorar as atitudes dos profissionais de SO ao lidar com os PLA em Meio Laboral (PLAML). Foi aplicado um questionário em duas partes: Q1/pré-formação (variáveis sociodemográficas, profissionais, competências em alcoologia, experiência pessoal com álcool/familiares com PLA, dificuldades em lidar com trabalhadores com PLA, AUDIT-C e SAAPPQ) e Q2/pós-formação (avaliação da formação e das atitudes SAAPPQ - Adequação, Legitimidade, Motivação, Autoestima e Satisfação). Os resultados na amostra (N=39) revelaram um aumento sobretudo na Adequação e Satisfação. No entanto, naqueles com níveis baixos das atitudes pré-formação constou-se melhoria das atitudes à excepção da Autoestima e foram encontradas algumas associações com as características do perfil inicial dos participantes. Sugerem-se estudos posteriores para identificação de pacotes formativos mais efetivos e propostas para um Plano integrador de RIB para PLAML
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We have witnessed in recent years, an obvious effort by the competent European institutions, towards the harmonization of general law applicable to all Member States (MS's). Many developments have been registered in several areas of law, a europeanization process that aims to add value to cross-border transactions and, consequently, the internal market and european trade. This trend manifests itself in general to the private law level, and particularly in contract law. The extension of the field in which market participants - whether professionals or consumers - can act, must imperatively be articulated with a consequent wider protection. After all, the consumer is also a leading European purposes and its level should not be called into question for the sake of promoting trade. The link between the positions of two opposing parties, professionals and consumers, requires commitment and work reinforced by the institutions but only on that basis is consistent legislative production. The proposed Regulation on a Common European Sales Law of the sale, the European Commission, set focus to European contract law and raises questions about the relevance and necessity of such uniformity. An instrument for purposes of harmonization of European contract law, that can be applied to all cross-border consumer contracts, similar in all MS's certainly bring many benefits. However, its applicability and usefulness would depend on the level of protection that would provide, compared to the existing national rights. Would an optional instrument ensure the designs of a common law? Moreover, would a binding instrument be the best alternative in that sense? Keywords:
Resumo:
Ne bis in idem, understood as a procedural guarantee in the EU assumes different features in the AFSJ and in european competition law. Despite having a common origin (being, in both sectors the result of the case law of the same jurisdictional organ) its components are quite distintic in each area of the integration. In the AFSJ, the content of bis and idem are broader and addressed at a larger protection of individuals. Its axiological ground is based on the freedom of movements and human dignity, whereas in european competition law its closely linked to defence rights of legal persons and the concept of criminal punishment of anticompetitive sanctions as interpreted by the ECHR´s jurisprudence. In european competition law, ne bis in idem is limited by the systemic framework of competition law and the need to ensure parallel application of both european and national laws. Nonetheless, the absence of a compulsory mechanism to allocate jurisdiction in the EU (both in the AFSJ and in the field of anti-trust law) demands a common axiological framework. In this context, ne bis in idem must be understood as a defence right based on equity and proportionality. As far as its international dimension is concerned, ne bis in idem also lacks an erga omnes effect and it is not considered to be a rule of ius cogens. Consequently, the model which the ECJ has built regarding the application of the ne bis in idem in transnational and supranational contexts should be replicated by other courts through cross fertilization, in order to internationalize that procedural guarantee and broaden its scope of application.