De la teoría al análisis de los sistemas-mundo : consideraciones sobre la interacción entre Egipto, Kerma y Biblos (c. 1985-1640 a.C.)

Resumen: Este trabajo aborda la posibilidad de analizar las relaciones entre diferentes sociedades del noreste de África y el Levante a través del análisis de los sistemas-mundo c. 1985–1640 a.C.

Estableciendo la agenda. Los orígenes y la evolución de la teoría de la Agenda Setting

El presente trabajo es una revisión de la teoría de la Agenda Setting. Se analiza el contexto teórico de su nacimiento, sus antecedentes y su evolución en los estudios de la relación entre medios de comunicación y opinión pública. Asimismo, se describe una serie de casos en los que se ha estudiado la función de establecimiento de la agenda, tanto en el extranjero como en Argentina. Finalmente, se esboza una propuesta de complementación de esta perspectiva con otros abordajes teóricos, con vistas a lograr una mirada más integral, que entienda a los productores de la información como actores insertos en una comunidad, cuyos valores expresan y redefinen.

Teoría de las tres dimensiones del Desarrollo Sostenible

Actualmente existen múltiples interpretaciones del concepto de desarrollo sostenible, y muchas de ellas coinciden en que para lograrlo, las medidas a poner en marcha deberán ser económicamente viables, respetar el medio ambiente y ser socialmente equitativas. Pero a pesar de este reconocimiento de la necesidad de una interpretación integrada de estas tres dimensiones, en la práctica es necesario un cambio sustancial del enfoque de las políticas y programas en vigor.

Participación ciudadana, patrimonio cultural y museos: entre la teoría y la praxis

Cap. 1. La Nueva Museología, el patrimonio cultural y la participación ciudadana a debate. Iñaki Arrieta Urtizberea Cap. 2. Museos: del público al ciudadano. Rafael Azuar Ruiz Cap. 3. Los públicos y lo público. De mutismos, sorderas, y de diálogos sociales en museos y espacios patrimoniales. Luz Maceira Ochoa Cap. 4. La restitution du patrimoine: un rôle pour le musée? Études de cas dans les communautés innues du Québec et du Labrador (Canada). Élise Dubuc Cap. 5. El museo de territorio y sociedad, ¿una utopía? el caso del Museo Industrial del Ter. Carles García Hermosilla Cap. 6. El ecomuseo del río Caicena (Almedinilla-Córdoba): un proyecto de desarrollo rural desde el patrimonio histórico-natural, ¿y la participación ciudadana? Ignacio Muñiz Jaén Cap. 7. Mé-tisser les mémoires. Musées indiens du nordeste brésilien. Martin Soares Cap. 8. El patrimonio como proceso social. Intervención, desarrollo y consumo del patrimonio minero en Andalucía. Macarena Hernández Ramírez y Esteban Ruiz Ballesteros Cap. 9. Legislación patrimonial, intervención pública y participación ciudadana en la declaración de un conjunto histórico. Iñaki Arrieta Urtizberea Cap. 10. El castillo de Montsoriu. La participación de la sociedad civil. Joaquim Mateu Gasquet Cap. 11. El patrimonio cultural; espacio de encuentro. Daniel Arnesio Lara Montero

La construcción social de la idea de discapacidad en sociedades tecnológicamente globalizadas

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Información del Capital Humano: la generación de intangibles y la responsabilidad social

[ES] Los recursos de naturaleza intangible se han convertido en los bienes más importantes que poseen las empresas para generar riqueza de manera sostenible, en concreto el Capital Humano. Sin embargo, el éxito y supervivencia de la empresa se encuentra sometida a la aprobación de sus grupos de interés (stakeholders). Por ello, las empresas deben adoptar medidas para garantizar que sus actuaciones sean percibidas por sus stakeholders como legítimas; una manera para legitimarse es mediante el suministro de información voluntaria. Por tanto, bajo el marco de la Teoría de la Legitimidad y de los Stakeholders, nuestro objetivo es analizar cómo las empresas españolas están informando de manera voluntaria sobre su Capital Humano en los informes anuales, desde una doble perspectiva informativa: la generación de intangibles (conocimiento) y la responsabilidad social. Así, usando la metodología del análisis de contenido, la evidencia empírica muestra que las empresas españolas suministran escasa información acerca de su Capital Humano, siendo los temas relacionados con la formación y el desarrollo de los empleados los más divulgados. No obstante, y con respecto a la responsabilidad social, hay que destacar la tendencia alcista por parte de las empresas a suministrar información relativa a la política de igualdad y diversidad, la prevención de riesgos laborales y las relaciones entre empleadores y empleados.

Is it possible to measure social entrepreneurship in firms?

[EN] This study defines and proposes a measurement scale for social entrepreneurship (SE) in its broadest sense. The broad definition of SE covers for-profit firms that use social aims as a core component of their strategy. By pursuing social aims, these firms can boost the value of their products or services for consumers or exploit new business areas. Under this broad definition of SE, profit-seeking and the pursuit of social aims converge, thereby revealing a form of SE that has received little attention in either theoretical or empirical research. To fill this research gap, the present study proposes a measurement scale to measure broad SE in firms. The process used to build the scale draws upon research by Churchill (1979) and DeVellis (1991) and combines the Delphi technique, a pre-test questionnaire and structural equation modelling. The main aim of this research is to develop a scale capable of measuring broad SE in firms. The theoretical basis for the scale is supported by an empirical study in the hotel sector. The scale provides a valid, reliable instrument for measuring broad SE in firms. The scale meets all sociometric properties required of measurement scales in the social sciences, namely dimensionality, reliability and validity.

A velhice na mídia brasileira: análise de representação social

O presente estudo objetiva conhecer os conteúdos veiculados à velhice no jornal Folha de S. Paulo. Trata-se de uma pesquisa exploratória, descritiva e documental, com abordagem metodológica quali-quantitativa pautada na Teoria das Representações Sociais. Foram analisados dois períodos: 1) de 01 de janeiro de 2001 até 31 de dezembro de 2003 e; 2) de 01 de janeiro de 2004 até 31 de dezembro de 2006. O jornal foi escolhido devido a: Prestígio, Credibilidade, Circulação e Acervo digitalizado. Foram consultados seis termos: Envelhecimento, Velhice, Terceira Idade, Idoso, Idosa e, Estatuto do Idoso. Foi desenvolvido um protocolo de pesquisa para análise da mídia impressa. Adotaram-se como critérios de exclusão: (1) Matérias repetidas entre termos, (2) Matérias com erro de leitura, (3) Matérias publicadas em extensões Regionais da Folha; e, (4) Relação da matéria com o objeto da pesquisa (classificadas como 0, 1 e 2). As matérias 2, consideradas como de estreita relação com a pesquisa conformaram a amostra para análise. Os dados foram submetidos às seguintes análises: analise estatística descritiva e análise de conteúdo temática. Contou-se com auxílio dos programas Excel e SPSS. Na apuração dos dados, constatou-se que, das 4108 matérias disponíveis no acervo do jornal, 346 preenchiam os critérios de inclusão. A análise revela que a cobertura da velhice na mídia não foi regular nos seis anos analisados, sendo que, houve um aumento de 5,78% de matérias publicadas no segundo período. O ano de maior publicação de matérias foi 2003, aspecto que coincide com a promulgação do Estatuto do Idoso. A difusão (67,34%) foi gênero moscoviciano mais utilizado pelo Jornal para tratar o tema da velhice. A análise das Seções indica que o tratamento da velhice por parte do Jornal está vinculado a diversas temáticas relacionadas com a cotidianidade dos leitores principalmente com assuntos relacionados à saúde e a aspectos econômicos. O estudo também revelou que a localização e o tamanho da matéria sugerem que trata-se de matérias de menor importância, não consideradas como de publicação imediata e que atraem menos a atenção do leitor. A análise do conjunto de antetítulos, títulos e subtítulos revelou que os termos utilizados para referir-se ao objeto de estudo estão vinculados a elementos derivados do conhecimento científico e da normativa sobre o assunto. A análise do material textual resultou em 4011 URs associadas a 57 unidades de significação revelando homogeneidade quantitativa nos dois períodos estudados. A agregação dessas unidades resultou em 10 categorias representacionais: Saúde e Doença; Sentidos de Envelhecer; Realidade Demográfica; Trabalho, Aposentadoria e Renda; Maus-tratos e discriminação; Legislação e proteção do idoso; Serviços e Mercado; Recreação e Voluntariado; Família e velhice e; Cognição na velhice. Constata-se que a velhice é representada no Jornal através de duas imagens que se contrapõem: A primeira imagem da velhice, denominada neste trabalhado como velha velhice está relacionada com os valores negativos tradicionalmente associados a essa fase relacionados a doença, a dependência, a vulnerabilidade física e cognitiva e as dificuldades econômicas. A segunda imagem designada de nova velhice está relacionada com valores considerados positivos relacionados com a busca do envelhecimento saudável. Constatou-se que essas representações são concomitantes nos dois períodos analisados. A mídia, sem dúvida, constitui um objeto transformador da realidade na medida em que é através dela que as representações sociais circulam em grande escala

Social Work and theatre: considering intersections

Theatre is a cultural and artistic form that involves a process of communication between creators and is received in a space and time located in the public sphere, which has meant that, over the centuries, it has acted as a space for expression, exchange and debate regarding all manner of ideas, causes and struggles. Implicit within this process are processes of expression, creation and reception, by way of which people demonstrate, analyse and question ways of seeing and understanding life, and ways of being and existing in the world. This gives rise to educational, cultural, social and political potential, which has been endorsed in numerous studies and investigations. In this work, in which theoretical orientation is established through a review of the relevant literature, we consider different intersections that occur between theatre and social work in order to also show that dramatic and theatrical expression offers substantive methodologies for achieving some objectives of social work, particularly in areas such as critical literacy, reflexivity and recognition, awareness raising, social participation, personal and/or community development, ownership of cultural capital and access to personal and social wellbeing.

Museums as a factor for the social integration of art in the community. The experience of cultural volunteering by members of the senior community

After considering museums as cultural institutions responsible for preserving cultural memory and its evolution over time, this article describes the cultural practices within our society that are aimed at disseminating art and at reproducing and transmitting culture, history and identity. Further, it considers the key role that older people are steadily assuming in Spain’s ageing society. New social-empowerment activities based on volunteering by the elderly are linked to generativity because the individual and social groups acquire new skills through those activities, thereby strengthening a society for all ages. Never in the history of social work have so many older people been prepared to participate actively at the community level, and never has a social movement with these features gone so unnoticed by so many social agents.

Art, adolescence and Social Work: Anja, the invisible manager

This article has been written with the intention of being able to analyse the contributions of art —theatre, in this case— to the practice of social work. For this purpose, we have chosen to read the social reality in which we intervene through the lens of social constructionism. This helps us to rescue the social and subjective side of art, and, moreover, to recover the depathologization of the subject in professional intervention. Thus, using a practical case taken from work with adolescents in the German FSJ programme, hand-in-hand with a young girl called Anja we trace the developmental and sociological aspects of adolescence in order to later address certain common points of art and psychosocial work. Art will hence be redefined as a transitional object allowing questions to be addressed relating to (self-) perception, attachment, communication and changes in conduct as the ultimate goal of professional action. Lastly, we note the limitations and risks of art-based intervention, in order to conclude with a final synopsis.

Valor social de la fotografía de guerra: Robert Capa en la Guerra civil española

A partir del análisis de las relaciones entre sociología, fotografía y documentación se realiza un recorrido por algunas de las principales fotografías realizadas por Robert Capa durante la Guerra civil española.

The “re-socialization” of Gypsy women in the literacy courses aimed to the recipients of the Social Integration Revenue Policy of the Region of Madrid

This article studies the gender values that are promoted both in the literacy courses for gypsy women beneficiaries of the Social Integration Revenue Policy of the Region of Madrid and in the events that are organized for this group by public institutions and NGOs. The process of “socialization” that occurs in the educative groups for Gypsy women is focused on constructing an image of what it is to be a “Gypsy modern woman”. Through multiple mechanisms and discursive techniques a specific conception of gender equality is transmitted in these educative spaces. In addition to this, Gypsy women are continually urged to assume certain values and social practices (of gender identity, of "citizenship", of parenting, etc..), while an archetype of "Gypsy Woman" which condenses powerful stereotypes and prejudices about the "Gypsy culture" and the gender relations characteristics of this group is constructed.

the social economy as an alternative of self employment. profile of the entrepreneur in the andalusian labour companies

This paper provides a quantitative and qualitative analysis of the profile of the entrepreneur who decides to start business through a labor society in the context of the Autonomous Community of Andalucia. Thus, first the Social Economy is presented as an important alternative to creating and promoting employment, which seeks to combine economic and social objectives in the development of activities. Subsequently, focusing on labor companies, updated its importance in the regional economy for later data and through the analysis of two samples are available, set the attributes or most significant characteristics of these entrepreneurs.

Art as an educative and social tool

Since remote times, certain sectors of society have been exposed to inequality and vulnerability, where adequate intervention processes have become conspicuous because of their absence. Nowadays, current societies have the responsibility of contributing, based on their experience and knowledge, with more efficient policies and programs that improve the life quality of the most disadvantaged. It is here where art and its different tools play a very important role, not only on a physical level, but also as an education tool that allows the development of emotional, mental and communicative skills. The aim of this paper is to make clear the potential of art as an instrument of social and educational intervention. It starts by showing worldwide-collected experience related to education and arts, and then, it acquaints the reader with two parallel intervention projects that worked with youths under social vulnerability conditions. These interventions were developed based on a qualitative research (Grounded theory), using as methodology “The Artistic Mediation” with emphasis on body language. This methodology helped researchers to get close to the participants and to know their experiences and emotions. At the same time, it was possible to evidence the positive effects of educative interventions through art. These workshops were based on an artistic methodology especially focused on body language. Data in this work is qualitative, and as such, it permits a special approach to the personal and emotional experiences of the participants; clearly showing the positive effects of the referenced practice on them.