Ingesta dietética de referencia de las vitaminas A, B y D en niños de 1 a 5 años del Ministerio de Salud Pública en el año 2015

ANTECEDENTES: Las Ingestas Dietéticas de Referencia (IDR) son 4 valores que sirven de guía para la ingesta adecuada de un nutriente específico, de acuerdo con la edad, género y condición fisiológica concreta, con el fin de mantener un buen estado de salud. OBJETIVO: Determinar los valores de IDR para las vitaminas A, B y D en niños de 1 a 5 años de edad los subcentros del Ministerio de Salud Pública, del área urbana, de la ciudad de Cuenca, en el año 2015. MATERIALES Y MÉTODO: Es un estudio descriptivo transversal realizado en todos los niños que acudieron a los subcentros de salud urbanos del Ministerio de Salud Pública de Cuenca, durante el período de 6 meses. Mediante el software en línea de nutrición “Nutrimind” 2012, se aplicó el Recordatorio de 24 horas. En el programa estadístico SPSS 19, se tabularon los datos, se calculó el promedio de la ingesta de las vitaminas A, B y D por grupo etario y por sexo. Se compararon estos resultados con las IDR internacionales. RESULTADOS: De los 580 niños estudiados el 64.7% fueron lactantes y el 35.3% escolares, el 49.8% fueron de sexo masculino y el 50.2% femenino. El promedio de ingesta de las vitaminas A, B1, B2 y B3 sobrepasa las ingestas recomendadas. Para las vitaminas B6, B9 y D está por debajo de las recomendaciones. El promedio de ingesta para la vitamina B12 cubre las necesidades diarias recomendadas

Manual de estrategia para la intervención de la malla vial estructural entre la carrera 87 b a la carrera 91 y entre la calle 78 sur a la calle 88 sur de los barrios Potreritos y San Bernardino a cargo de la Alcaldía Local de Bosa

55 p.

Comparação da análise de diferentes perfis de poços pelo método DFA

The study of complex systems has become a prestigious area of science, although relatively young . Its importance was demonstrated by the diversity of applications that several studies have already provided to various fields such as biology , economics and Climatology . In physics , the approach of complex systems is creating paradigms that influence markedly the new methods , bringing to Statistical Physics problems macroscopic level no longer restricted to classical studies such as those of thermodynamics . The present work aims to make a comparison and verification of statistical data on clusters of profiles Sonic ( DT ) , Gamma Ray ( GR ) , induction ( ILD ) , neutron ( NPHI ) and density ( RHOB ) to be physical measured quantities during exploratory drilling of fundamental importance to locate , identify and characterize oil reservoirs . Software were used : Statistica , Matlab R2006a , Origin 6.1 and Fortran for comparison and verification of the data profiles of oil wells ceded the field Namorado School by ANP ( National Petroleum Agency ) . It was possible to demonstrate the importance of the DFA method and that it proved quite satisfactory in that work, coming to the conclusion that the data H ( Hurst exponent ) produce spatial data with greater congestion . Therefore , we find that it is possible to find spatial pattern using the Hurst coefficient . The profiles of 56 wells have confirmed the existence of spatial patterns of Hurst exponents , ie parameter B. The profile does not directly assessed catalogs verification of geological lithology , but reveals a non-random spatial distribution

Comparación de la resistencia del concreto normal a la compresión, mediante el proceso de curado por el método de hidratación directa o inmersión vs exudación por recubrimiento en vinipel

88 p.

Cálculo de constantes ópticas de películas delgadas de Cu3BiS3 a través del método de Wolfe

Se calculó la obtención de las constantes ópticas usando el método de Wolfe. Dichas contantes: coeficiente de absorción (α), índice de refracción (n) y espesor de una película delgada (d ), son de importancia en el proceso de caracterización óptica del material. Se realizó una comparación del método del Wolfe con el método empleado por R. Swanepoel. Se desarrolló un modelo de programación no lineal con restricciones, de manera que fue posible estimar las constantes ópticas de películas delgadas semiconductoras, a partir únicamente, de datos de transmisión conocidos. Se presentó una solución al modelo de programación no lineal para programación cuadrática. Se demostró la confiabilidad del método propuesto, obteniendo valores de α = 10378.34 cm−1, n = 2.4595, d =989.71 nm y Eg = 1.39 Ev, a través de experimentos numéricos con datos de medidas de transmitancia espectral en películas delgadas de Cu3BiS3.

APLICACIÓN DE UN MÉTODO PARA LA SISTEMATIZACIÓN Y EL ANÁLISIS DEL PAISAJE. EL CASO DE LOS DISTRITOS DE SABANILLA, SAN ISIDRO Y CARRIZAL DE ALAJUELA. COSTA RICA.

Este articulo parte de un análisis reflexivo de la categoría paisaje en tanto concepto o herramienta de trabajo geográfico. Posteriormente, se hace entrega de una experiencia de aplicación de un método de trabajo en un paisaje concreto como lo es la zona comprendida por los distritos de Sabanilla, San Isidro y Carrizal del cantón de Alajuela. Costa Rica. ABSTRACT This article starts with a reflective analysis of the category landscape, as a conceptual or working tool for the geographical investigation. An application of a method is to a concrete landscape in a Costa Rica zone is the presented. The application refers to three districts of the Central Country of Alajuela: Sabanilla, San Isidro and Carrizal.

A GEOGRAFIA REGIONAL SOB O ENFOQUE DO MÉTODO ESTRUTURALISTA: ANALISANDO A REGIÃO DO PANTANAL MATO-GROSSENSE, BRASIL

Este trabalho analisa a construção do saber geográfico no tocante à geografia regional, apresentam-se as correntes filosóficas e os métodos pertinentes, com o intuito de discutir o modo de aplicação do método estruturalista em um estudo acadêmico sobre a organização e funcionamento de cadeias e arranjos produtivos da pecuária bovina no pantanal mato-grossense, no Brasil. Em verdade, a “tensão” ideológica das escolas alemã e francesa promoveu um cenário favorável para a ascensão da geografia regional e o seu conceito elementar, a região. Todavia, esta vertente recebeu as influências de correntes filosóficas e de seus respectivos métodos científicos. Entretanto, o método estruturalista, que desenvolve a noção de um sistema articulado em estruturas sociais, as quais garantem acesso à coesão e coerência ou a outros modelos mais eficientes, é competente para analisar a realidade compreendida na área de estudo, sobretudo o que se refere à dinâmica socioespacial de uso e ocupação do espaço, o modo de produção e a divisão social do trabalho.

RAPD em pau-rosa (Aniba rosaeodora Ducke): adaptação do método para coleta de amostras in situ, ajuste das condições de PCR e apresentação de um processo para selecionar bandas reprodutíveis.

Os objetivos deste trabalho foram: (1) validar um método para a coleta de material vegetal de pau-rosa; (2) selecionar um método para a extração de DNA de folhas de pau-rosa, em quantidade e com qualidade adequadas para a obtenção de padrões RAPD e (3) desenvolver e validar um critério, baseado no grau de reprodutibilidade para selecionar bandas RAPD para as análises genéticas.

MÉTODO DE VALORACIÓN DE LA PROPIEDAD SEGÚN ZONAS ECONÓMICAS HOMOGENEAS

El objeto de este trabajo, es presentar el conjuento d eelementos teóricos y metodológicos para la valoración de la propiedad inmueble, aplicando la categoría Espacio Económico Homogéneo (EEH).  Se presentan cada uno de los procedimientos, criterios y técnicas a aplicar en la valoración individual y colectiva de la propiedad. El ensayo se divide en cuatro partes: en la primera parte; se intenta una definición teórica y metodológica, en la segunda parte, se exponen el método de valoración de la propiedad, en la tercera parte, se presentan los  procedimientos para la delimitación de las zonas económicas, en la última parte, se presenta un resumen de la base de datos necesarios para la valoración por zonas.

Obesidade em adultos na UBS Maria de Lourdes B. de Barros, município União dos Palmares/AL

A obesidade possui causa multifatorial, envolvendo questões biológicas, econômicas, sociais, políticas e culturais. Mas a principal causa costuma ser o desequilíbrio entre o consumo de alimentos e o gasto de calorias. Alguns dos fatores que influenciam no excesso de gordura corporal na população brasileira são os inadequados hábitos alimentares e a não prática da atividade física. Na ESF Maria de Lourdes Borba Barros, do município União dos Palmares, do estado Alagoas/Brasil a maioria dos usuários possuem um estado nutricional inadequado com alta prevalência de obesidade, o que constitui o fator de risco para outras doenças crônicas mais perigosas, como a Hipertensão Arterial (HAS) e Diabetes mellitus (DM), as quais são as principais causas de internamento hospitalar e morte da população. A HAS e DM são fatores de risco de outras doenças, como a doença cérebro vascular a qual pode deixar sequelas. Assim o objetivo deste estudo foi elaborar um plano de intervenção para combater a obesidade na população adscrita ao ESF Maria de Lourdes B. de Barros. Para o desenvolvimento do Plano de Intervenção será utilizado o Método do Planejamento Estratégico Situacional, seguindo várias etapas (identificação dos problemas, priorização dos problemas, seleção do problema prioritário, caracterização do problema, descrição do problema, explicação do problema, identificação dos nós críticos, desenho de operações, identificação dos recursos críticos, análise de viabilidade do plano e elaboração do plano operativo). Serão desenvolvidas ações no sentido de evitar e reduzir os casos de obesidade e melhorar a qualidade de vida dos obesos a partir do incentivo da prática de atividade física e boa educação nutricional. A obesidade determina uma possibilidade real de tratamento baseado em diagnóstico criterioso o mais precoce possível, onde a ação de uma equipe multidisciplinar aliada a uma técnica cuidadosa, permite uma elevada perspectiva de êxito.

An Asp49 Phospholipase A2 From Snake Venom Induces Cyclooxygenase-2 Expression And Prostaglandin E2 Production Via Activation Of Nf-κb, P38mapk, And Pkc In Macrophages.

Phospholipases A2 (PLA2) are key enzymes for production of lipid mediators. We previously demonstrated that a snake venom sPLA2 named MT-III leads to prostaglandin (PG)E2 biosynthesis in macrophages by inducing the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Herein, we explored the molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways leading to these MT-III-induced effects. Results demonstrated that MT-III induced activation of the transcription factor NF-κB in isolated macrophages. By using NF-κB selective inhibitors, the involvement of this factor in MT-III-induced COX-2 expression and PGE2 production was demonstrated. Moreover, MT-III-induced COX-2 protein expression and PGE2 release were attenuated by pretreatment of macrophages with SB202190, and Ly294002, and H-7-dihydro compounds, indicating the involvement of p38MAPK, PI3K, and PKC pathways, respectively. Consistent with this, MT-III triggered early phosphorylation of p38MAPK, PI3K, and PKC. Furthermore, SB202190, H-7-dihydro, but not Ly294002 treatment, abrogated activation of NF-κB induced by MT-III. Altogether, these results show for the first time that the induction of COX-2 protein expression and PGE2 release, which occur via NF-κB activation induced by the sPLA2-MT-III in macrophages, are modulated by p38MAPK and PKC, but not by PI3K signaling proteins.

Staphylococcus Aureus Enterotoxins A And B Inhibit Human And Mice Eosinophil Chemotaxis And Adhesion In Vitro.

Staphylococcus aureus aggravates the allergic eosinophilic inflammation. We hypothesized that Staphylococcus aureus-derived enterotoxins directly affect eosinophil functions. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of Staphylococcal enterotoxins A and B (SEA and SEB) on human and mice eosinophil chemotaxis and adhesion in vitro, focusing on p38 MAPK phosphorylation and intracellular Ca(2+) mobilization. Eosinophil chemotaxis was evaluated using a microchemotaxis chamber, whereas adhesion was performed in VCAM-1 and ICAM-1-coated plates. Measurement of p38 MAPK phosphorylation and intracellular Ca(2+) levels were monitored by flow cytometry and fluorogenic calcium-binding dye, respectively. Prior incubation (30 to 240 min) of human blood eosinophils with SEA (0.5 to 3 ng/ml) significantly reduced eotaxin-, PAF- and RANTES-induced chemotaxis (P<0.05). Likewise, SEB (1 ng/ml, 30 min) significantly reduced eotaxin-induced human eosinophil chemotaxis (P<0.05). The reduction of eotaxin-induced human eosinophil chemotaxis by SEA and SEB was prevented by anti-MHC monoclonal antibody (1 μg/ml). In addition, SEA and SEB nearly suppressed the eotaxin-induced human eosinophil adhesion in ICAM-1- and VCAM-1-coated plates. SEA and SEB prevented the increases of p38 MAPK phosphorylation and Ca(2+) levels in eotaxin-activated human eosinophils. In separate protocols, we evaluated the effects of SEA on chemotaxis and adhesion of eosinophils obtained from mice bone marrow. SEA (10 ng/ml) significantly reduced the eotaxin-induced chemotaxis along with cell adhesion to both ICAM-1 and VCAM-1-coated plates (P<0.05). In conclusion, the inhibition by SEA and SEB of eosinophil functions (chemotaxis and adhesion) are associated with reductions of p38 MAPK phosphorylation and intracellular Ca(2+) mobilization.

Update On Ultraviolet A And B Radiation Generated By The Sun And Artificial Lamps And Their Effects On Skin.

Solar radiation, especially ultraviolet A (UVA) and ultraviolet B (UVB), can cause damage to the human body, and exposure to the radiation may vary according to the geographical location, time of year and other factors. The effects of UVA and UVB radiation on organisms range from erythema formation, through tanning and reduced synthesis of macromolecules such as collagen and elastin, to carcinogenic DNA mutations. Some studies suggest that, in addition to the radiation emitted by the sun, artificial sources of radiation, such as commercial lamps, can also generate small amounts of UVA and UVB radiation. Depending on the source intensity and on the distance from the source, this radiation can be harmful to photosensitive individuals. In healthy subjects, the evidence on the danger of this radiation is still far from conclusive.

Aspectos técnicos da monitorização da pressão intracraniana pelo método subaracnóideo no traumatismo craniencefálico grave

Two hundred and six patients with severe head injury (Glasgow Coma Scale of 8 points or less after nonsurgical resuscitation on admission), managed at Intensive Care Unit-Hospital das Clínicas - Universidade Estadual de Campinas were prospectively analysed. All patients were assessed by CT scan and 72 required neurosurgical intervention. All patients were continuously monitored to evaluate intracranial pressure (ICP) levels by a subarachnoid device (11 with subarachnoid metallic bolts and 195 with subarachnoid polyvinyl catheters). The ICP levels were continuously observed in the bedside pressure monitor display and their end-hour values were recorded in a standard chart. The patients were managed according to a standard protocol guided by the ICP levels. There were no intracranial haemorrhagic complications or hematomas due the monitoring method. Sixty six patients were punctured by lateral C1-C2 technique to assess infectious complications and 2 had positive cerebrospinal fluid samples for Acinetobacter sp. The final results measured at hospital discharge showed 75 deaths (36,40%) and 131 (63,60%) survivors. ICP levels had significantly influenced the final results (p<0,001). The subarachnoid method to continuously assess the ICP levels was considered aplicable, safe, simple, low cost and useful to advise the management of the patients. The ICP record methodology was practical and useful. Despite the current technical advances the subarachnoid method was considered viable to assess the ICP levels in severe head injury.

Método para avaliação da conduta visual de lactentes

The purpose of this study is to introduce a method to evaluate visual functions in infants in the first three months of life. An adaptation of the Guide for the Assessment of Visual Ability in Infants (Gagliardo, 1997) was used. The instrument was a ring with string. It was implemented a pilot study with 33 infants, selected according to the following criteria: neonates well enough to go home within two days of birth; 1 to 3 months of chronological age; monthly evaluation with no absence; subjects living in Campinas/SP metropolitan area. In the first month we observed: visual fixation (93,9%); eye contact (90,9%); horizontal tracking (72,7%); inspects surroundings (97,0%). In the third month, we observed: inspects own hands (42,4%) and increased movements of arms (36,4%). This method allowed the evaluation of visual functions in infants, according to the chronological age. Alterations in this function will facilitate immediate referral to medical services for diagnoses.