Uso do leite de vaca in natura no controle de oídio na cultura da gérbera

Gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii) is one of the most popular ornamental plants in the world, used as cut or vase flower. The experiment aimed to evaluate the effect of milk in natura to control powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum) on gerbera. The treatments tested were: two concentrations of cow's milk in natura (8 and 16%), with and without adjuvant (vegetal oil), three fungicides (fenarimol -6 g a.i.100 L-1 H2O, chlorothalonil -150 g a.i.100 L-1 H2O and azoxystrobin + mineral oil - 10 g a.i.100 L-1 H2O) and control treatment. The area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) was calculated for each plot based on disease severity. Milk in natura applied with adjuvant controlled the disease and did not allow the infection and development of pathogen. The addition of adjuvant improves the efficiency of milk in natura, but it requires subsequent washing of plants with H2O + detergent. The fungicide fenarimol promoted the best control and also the best gerbera visual aspect. The fungicide azoxystrobin + mineral oil and the chlorothalonil were phytotoxic to gerbera plants, affecting the aspect of leaves and flowers.

Uso de água residuária de origem urbana no cultivo de gérberas: efeito nos componentes de produção

Com este trabalho, teve-se o objetivo de determinar a viabilidade de quatro lâminas de águas residuárias de origem urbana (75; 100; 125 e 150% da evapotranspiração da cultura) na produção de gérbera (Gerbera jamesonni), tipo comercial Rambo, comparando-se os resultados com os obtidos por meio da adoção do manejo convencional (adubação orgânica, química e irrigação com água de abastecimento equivalente a 100% da evapotranspiração). O experimento foi realizado em casa de vegetação, na Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, de fevereiro a julho de 2006, abrangendo um ciclo completo de produção. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, com três repetições, e as variáveis monitoradas foram: número de botões florais emitidos e intervalo de emissão; número de flores colhidas e intervalo entre colheitas; diâmetro das flores e comprimento das hastes. Para as variáveis monitoradas, apenas o comprimento das hastes foi afetado significativamente pelas lâminas de água residuária aplicadas. A adoção do manejo com água residuária foi melhor que o convencional, em todas as variáveis, com exceção de comprimento das hastes, constatando-se que esse tipo de água constitui recurso importante no suprimento hídrico e de nutrientes para a cultura da gérbera, potencializando produtividade compatível ou melhor que o uso de técnicas de produção convencional.

Software Development Process Modeling. Developers Perspective to Contemporary Modeling Techniques

Formal software development processes and well-defined development methodologies are nowadays seen as the definite way to produce high-quality software within time-limits and budgets. The variety of such high-level methodologies is huge ranging from rigorous process frameworks like CMMI and RUP to more lightweight agile methodologies. The need for managing this variety and the fact that practically every software development organization has its own unique set of development processes and methods have created a profession of software process engineers. Different kinds of informal and formal software process modeling languages are essential tools for process engineers. These are used to define processes in a way which allows easy management of processes, for example process dissemination, process tailoring and process enactment. The process modeling languages are usually used as a tool for process engineering where the main focus is on the processes themselves. This dissertation has a different emphasis. The dissertation analyses modern software development process modeling from the software developers’ point of view. The goal of the dissertation is to investigate whether the software process modeling and the software process models aid software developers in their day-to-day work and what are the main mechanisms for this. The focus of the work is on the Software Process Engineering Metamodel (SPEM) framework which is currently one of the most influential process modeling notations in software engineering. The research theme is elaborated through six scientific articles which represent the dissertation research done with process modeling during an approximately five year period. The research follows the classical engineering research discipline where the current situation is analyzed, a potentially better solution is developed and finally its implications are analyzed. The research applies a variety of different research techniques ranging from literature surveys to qualitative studies done amongst software practitioners. The key finding of the dissertation is that software process modeling notations and techniques are usually developed in process engineering terms. As a consequence the connection between the process models and actual development work is loose. In addition, the modeling standards like SPEM are partially incomplete when it comes to pragmatic process modeling needs, like light-weight modeling and combining pre-defined process components. This leads to a situation, where the full potential of process modeling techniques for aiding the daily development activities can not be achieved. Despite these difficulties the dissertation shows that it is possible to use modeling standards like SPEM to aid software developers in their work. The dissertation presents a light-weight modeling technique, which software development teams can use to quickly analyze their work practices in a more objective manner. The dissertation also shows how process modeling can be used to more easily compare different software development situations and to analyze their differences in a systematic way. Models also help to share this knowledge with others. A qualitative study done amongst Finnish software practitioners verifies the conclusions of other studies in the dissertation. Although processes and development methodologies are seen as an essential part of software development, the process modeling techniques are rarely used during the daily development work. However, the potential of these techniques intrigues the practitioners. As a conclusion the dissertation shows that process modeling techniques, most commonly used as tools for process engineers, can also be used as tools for organizing the daily software development work. This work presents theoretical solutions for bringing the process modeling closer to the ground-level software development activities. These theories are proven feasible by presenting several case studies where the modeling techniques are used e.g. to find differences in the work methods of the members of a software team and to share the process knowledge to a wider audience.

Digital Humanities For Everyone’s Benefit?: interplay in social media with the great audience, high-esteemed researcher and self-conscious library

The National Library of Finland realizes the Digitization Project of Kindred Languages in 2012–15. The project is financially supported by the Kone Foundation. During this project the National Library of Finland has digitized and made available approximately 1200 monograph and more than 100 newspaper titles in several Uralic languages. The materials are available to both researchers and citizens in the National Library’s Fenno-Ugrica collection. The project will produce digitized materials in the Uralic languages as well as their development tools to support linguistic research and citizen science. The resulting materials will constitute the largest resource for the Uralic languages in the world. Through this project, researchers will gain access to corpora which they have not been able to study before and to which all users will have open access regardless of their place of residence. In my presentation, I will discuss 1) how we utilized the social media (Facebook, Twitter, VKontakte etc) to gain audience for our collection and 2) how the needs of researchers and laymen were met in crowdsourcing.

Inviting the Audience – Interactive, Participatory, and Social Television in Finland

The television and the ways it has invited the audience to take part have been changing during the last decade. Today’s interaction, or rather participation, comes from multiplatform formats, such as TV spectacles that combine TV and web platforms in order to create a wider TV experience. Multiplatform phenomena have spread television consumption and traditional coffee table discussions to several different devices and environments. Television has become a part of the bigger puzzle of interconnected devices that operates on several platforms instead of just one. This thesis examines the Finnish television (2004–2014) through the notion of audience participation and introduces the technical, thematic, and social linkages as three different phases, interactive, participatory, social, and their most characteristic features in terms of audience participation. The aim of the study is also to focus on the idea of a possible change by addressing the possible and subtler variations that have taken place through the concept of digital television. Firstly, Finnish television history has gone through numerous trials, exploring the interactive potential of television formats. Finnish SMS-based iTV had its golden era around 2005, when nearly 50% of the television formats were to some extent interactive. Nowadays, interactive television formats have vanished due to their negative reputation and this important part of recent history is mainly been neglected in the academic scope. The dissertation focuses also on the present situation and the ways television content invites the audience to take part. “TV meets the Internet” is a global expression that characterises digital TV, and the use of the Web combined with television content is also examined. Also the linkages between television and social media are identified. Since television can nowadays be described multifaceted, the research approaches are also versatile. The research is based on qualitative content analysis, media observation, and Internet inquiry. The research material also varies. It consists of primary data: taped iTV formats, website material, and social media traces both from Twitter and Facebook and secondary data: discussion forums, observations from the media and Internet inquiry data. To sum up the results, the iTV phase represented, through its content, a new possibility for audiences to take part in a TV show (through gameful and textual features) in real-time. In participatory phase, the most characteristic features from TV-related content view, is the fact that online platform(s) were used to immerse the audience with additional material and, due to this, to extend the TV watching enjoyment beyond the actual broadcast. During the Social (media) phase, both of these features, real-timeness, and extended enjoyment through additional material, are combined and Facebook & Twitter, for example, are used to immerse people in live events (in real-time) via broadcast-related tweets and extra-material offered on a Facebook page. This thesis fills in the gap in Finnish television research by examining the rapid changes taken place on the field within the last ten years. The main results is that the development of Finnish digital television has been much more diverse and subtle than has been anticipated by following only the news, media, and contemporary discourses on the subject of television. The results will benefit both practitioners and academics by identifying the recent history of Finnish television.

Consumer-led new product development. Case: Dairy Industry

This thesis focuses on consolidation the recommendations on the integration of consumer in new product development (NPD) given in the academic literature, and on the example of the three NPD projects in the case company. The empirical findings advocate that the case company fulfills the principles of consumer-led NPD, and it is only one-step away of the full consumer empowerment strategy. Therefore, its NPD can be seen as an example of consumer-led NPD implementation. The findings also suggest that the product can be developed in consumer-led way regardless of the source of an idea (product- or need-driven), the target audience and resources assigned, in case when consumer mindset is integrated on all levels of organisation: strategic, cultural, operational and process. It is possible with top-management commitment, internal consumer research group, and the sophisticated consumer research methods. The specific managerial recommendations are given on developing consumer-led culture, strategy, NPD process and the appropriate consumer research methods and techniques.

Allergies and asthma: employing principles of social justice as a guide in public health policy development

This article is an excellent example of applied ethics in public health policy development.

Allergies And Asthma : Employing Principles Of Social Justice As A Guide In Public Health Policy Development

The growing epidemic of allergy and allergy-induced asthma poses a significant challenge to population health. This article, written for a target audience of policy-makers in public health, aims to contribute to the development of policies to counter allergy morbidities by demonstrating how principles of social justice can guide public health initiatives in reducing allergy and asthma triggers. Following a discussion of why theories of social justice have utility in analyzing allergy, a step-wise policy assessment protocol formulated on Rawlsian principles of social justice is presented. This protocol can serve as a tool to aid in prioritizing public health initiatives and identifying ethically problematic policies that necessitate reform. Criteria for policy assessment include: 1) whether a tentative public health intervention would provide equal health benefit to a range of allergy and asthma sufferers, 2) whether targeting initiatives towards particu- lar societal groups is merited based on the notion of ‘worst-off status’ of certain population segments, and 3) whether targeted policies have the potential for stigmatization. The article concludes by analyzing three examples of policies used in reducing allergy and asthma triggers in order to convey the general thought process underlying the use of the assessment protocol, which public health officials could replicate as a guide in actual, region-specific policy development.

Crise identitaire : Arrested Development et le portrait d’une sitcom dans le paysage télévisuel contemporain

Pour respecter les droits d'auteur, la version électronique de ce mémoire a été dépouillée de ses documents visuels. La version intégrale du mémoire a été déposée au Service de la gestion des documents et archives de l'Université de Montréal.

Bioethics in Health Policy Development: A Primer for Decision-Makers

Article

Farm Programmes of Electronic Media: A Comparative Study of Audience Perception in Kerala

Farm communication and extension programs are vital part of the farm development attempts. Electronic media plays a major role in farm extension activities. Kerala, the consumer state, which was a complete agricultural state in pre-independence period, is the sprouting land of agricultural extension and publication activities in print media. Later AIR (All India Radio) farm programs and farm broadcasting of Doordarshan enriched the role of electronic media in farm extension activities. The media saturated southern state of India received this new electronic media farm communication revolution whole heartedly. However, after 1990, Kerala witnessed a flood of private T V channels and currently there are 24 channels in this regional language, named Malayalam. All major news and entertainment channels are broadcasting farm programs. Farm programs of AIR and Doordarshan, broadcasted in Malayalam language, have been well accepted to the farmers‘ in Kerala. However, post-independence period, witnessed the formation of Kerala state in Indian Union and the first ballot-elected communist Government started its administration. After the land reform bills, the state witnessed a gradual decrease in agricultural production. Even if it is not reflected much in the attitude and practices of farm community and farm broadcast of traditional electronic broadcasting, a change is observable after the post-liberalization era of India. Private Television channels, which were focused on entertainment value of programs, started broadcasting farm programs and the parameters of program production went through certain changes. In this situation, there is ample relevance for a study about the farm programs of electronic media in terms of a comparative study of audience perception. The study is limited in the state of Kerala as it is the most media saturated state in India. The study analyzes the rate, nature and scope of adoption of farming methods transmitted through electronic media (T.V. and Radio) in Malayalam language.All kinds of Farm programs including comprehensive program serials, success stories, seasonal cropping methods, experts opinion, been analyzed on the basis of the following objectives.  To find whether propagating new farm methods through farm programs in electronic media or the availability of adequate infrastructure and economic factors make a farmer to adopt a new farming method.  To find which electronic media has more influence on farmers to adopt agricultural programs.  To find which form of electronic media gets better feedback from farmers  To find out whether the programs of T.V. or Radio is more acceptable to farmers than the print media.  To find whether farmers gets the message through their preferred medium for the message. The researcher recorded opinions from a panel of agricultural officers, farm Information officers, agro extension researchers and experts. According to their opinions and guidelines, a pilot study is designed and conducted in Kanjikuzhy Panchayath, in Alappuzha district, Kerala. The Panchayath is selected by considering its ideal nature of being the sample for a social Science research. Besides, the nature of farming in the Panchayath, which devoid of the cultivation of cash crops also supported its sample value. As per the observations from the pilot study, researcher confirmed the Triangulation method as the methodology of research. The questionnaire survey, being the primary part contained 42 Questions with 6 independent and 32 dependent variables. The survey is conducted among 400 respondents in Idukki, Alappuzha and Pathanamthitta districts considering geographical differences and distribution of different types of crops. The response from a total of 360 respondents, 120 from each district, finally selected for tabulation and data analysis.The data analysis, based on percentage analysis, along with the results from focus group discussion among a selected group of 20 farmers, together produced the results as follows. Farmers, who are the audience of farm programs, have a very serious approach towards the medium. They are maintaining a critical point of view towards the content of the programs. Farmers are reasonably aware about the financial side of the programs and the monitory aspirations of both private and Government owned Television channels. Even though, the farmers are not aware on the technical terminology and jargons, they have ideas about success stories, program serials and they are even informed about channels are not maintaining an audience research section like AIR. Though the farmers accept Doordarshan as the credential source of farm information and methods, they are inclined to the entertainment value of programs too. They prefer to have more entertainment value for the programs of Doordarshan. Surprisingly, they have very solid suggestions on even about the shots which add entertainment value to the farm broadcasting methods of Doordarshan. Farmers are very much aware about the fact that media is just an instrument for inspiration and persuasion. They strongly believe that the source of information and new methods is agricultural research and an effective change happens only when there are adequate infrastructure and marketing facilities, along with the proper support from Government agricultural guideline and support systems like Krishi Bhavans. They strongly believe that media alone cannot create any magic in increasing agricultural production. Farmers are pointing out the lack of response to the feedback and queries of farmers on farming methods, as an evidence for the difference in levels of commitment of Government and private owned Television channels.Farmers are still perceiving AIR farm programs are far more committed to farmers and farming than any other electronic medium. However, they are seriously lacking Radio receivers with medium wave reception facility. Farmers perceive that the farming methods on new crops are more adoptable than the farming methods of traditional crops in both private and Government owned Television channels. There are multiple factors behind this observation from farmers. Farmers changed in terms of viewing habits and they prefer success stories, which are totally irrelevant and they even think that such stories encourage people to go for farming and they opined that such stories are good sources of inspiration. However, they are all very much sure about the importance and particular about the presence of entertainment factor even in farm programs. Farmers expect direct interaction of any expert of the new farming method to implement the method in their agriculture practices. Though introduction of a new idea in the T.V. is acceptable, farmers need the direct instruction of expert on field to start implementing the new farming practices Farmers still have an affinity towards print media reports and agricultural pages and they have complaints to print media on the removal of agricultural information pages from news papers. They prefer the reports in print media as it facilitates them to collect and refer articles when they need it. Farmers are having an eye of doubt about the credibility of farm programs by private T.V. channels. Even if they prefer private Television channels for listening and adopting new farming methods and other farm information, they scrutinize programs to know whether they are sponsored programs by agrochemical or agro-fertilizer manufacturer.

Estructura urbana y segregaci??n social

El objetivo de esta unidad tem??tica es establecer en el alumno una comprensi??n global de los que es la ciudad en cuanto a su fisonom??a y caracter??sticas actuales a partir del an??lisis y estudio de la estructura urbana como consecuencia de un conjunto de factores econ??micos, pol??ticos y sociales que determinan su evoluci??n hist??rica y las caracter??sticas de la ciudad. Tomando como base de la observaci??n e investigaci??n el caso de Gij??n, se trabajan aspectos generales como la distribuci??n del espacio, la localizaci??n, la orientaci??n, el cambio y la evoluci??n hist??rica, la funcionalidad y la segregaci??n social de la ciudad, ademas de otros aspectos relacionados con la esfera de las actitudes. Se introduce la cartograf??a como elemento b??sico sobre el que apoyar el resto del trabajo y para ello se proponen actividades de interpretaci??n de croquis, planos de barrios concretos, de datos demogr??ficos, dotaciones sociales, etc. Como complemento se describen 4 itinerarios: por un barrio obrero, por la zona residencial, otra de infravivienda y por ??ltimo de la zona centro de la ciudad. Este material se edita dentro de 'HABITAR', programa did??ctico para el estudio del medio, que ofert?? el Ayuntamiento de Gij??n a la comunidad educativa. El documento en s??, viene precedido por la presentaci??n de los principios educativos y otros de procedimiento que gu??an el programa.

El aula como espacio social de intercambio y aprendizaje. Estudio naturalista de la cultura del aula en los procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje : los rituales de aprendizaje.

Conocimiento de los procesos que tienen lugar en el aula y del aula como escenario natural donde acontecen los procesos de enseñanza. Clases de sexto de EGB, una de una zona rural y otra urbana de colegios públicos y en la clase de Ciencias Sociales que el profesor sea además tutor durante el curso académico en todas las sesiones. Descripción de las dos aulas investigadas. Comparación buscando regularidades dentro de la identidad de cada una. Interpretación intentando determinar qué repercusiones tienen los patrones culturales definidos para el aula sobre el aprendizaje de los alumnos y el proceso de enseñanza. Observación participante y entrevista. Análisis naturalista y etnográfico. Los rituales son resultado de la negociación cultural entre los participantes centrándose en dos aspectos: calificación y disciplina, que son la garantía de la organización y el progreso del sistema del aula. Los procedimientos en la rural son estrategias escolares básicas y la urbana está más preocupada en procedimientos de tipo social. Cada situación de aula establece unas condiciones de socialización particulares que estan en relación con las condiciones sociales, culturales y económicas de los medios inmediatos a los sujetos. Es el aula en sí la que construye los procesos adecuados para llevar a cabo la socialización de acuerdo a los sujetos que la componen, de forma que cada situación del aula es única.

La influencia de la construcción y recuperación del espacio público físico, en los procesos de fortalecimiento y formación de ciudadanía

Está investigación es un análisis de las políticas, discursos y programas que tratan sobre el espacio público en las administraciones de Bogotá iniciando desde la de Jaime Castro hasta la de Luis Eduardo Garzón. Este análisis demostró que los gobiernos distritales relacionaron el mejoramiento y generación de espacio público en la construcción de un ciudadano con una cultura política de partipante, ya que este territorio es el lugar donde se relacionaba y generaba procesos de auto reflexión y autodeterminación. Este discurso fue puesto en comprobación, para ello se usaron distintos estudios de renta del suelo, anomia, the broken windows, igualmente se analizaron encuestas de precepción realizadas por organismos institucionales y privados. Probando que la incidencia en el mejoramiento y adecuación del espacio público puede incidir positivamente en la construcción de la cultura política, siempre y cuando se realice adecuaciones en el espacio público intangible y físico, y se garanticen en primera medida los derechos fundamentales de los ciudadanos.

Caracterización de la cultura organizacional en empresas colombianas

Ante un mundo globalizado y competitivo es común ver a las empresas implementar tecnologías de gestión para lograr que los procesos operativos y administrativos sean más eficientes. Para aplicar las tecnologías de gestión es importante realizar un diagnostico y saber en sí cuales son los requerimientos o cambios que necesita la organización para planear, construir, desarrollar y evaluar cual es el mejor método para la empresa de aplicar la tecnología de gestión necesaria ya que la metodología que requiere una empresa es diferente a la metodología de las demás. Para dar cumplimiento a lo antes mencionado es necesario que la alta gerencia o la junta directiva tengan un alto conocimiento en la cultura organizacional ya que ante un factor de cambio en la empresa los principales integrantes y participantes son los empleados que además conllevan a saber del clima organizacional, el desarrollo laboral y la satisfacción personal. Cada empresa debe saber cuál es la cultura que se vive y existe dentro de su organización. A partir de esto, la presente investigación pretende realizar una descripción de la Cultura Organizacional en 31 empresas Colombianas de todos los sectores basada en el modelo del profesor Carlos Eduardo Méndez y como objetivo mostrar la caracterización de la Cultura Organizacional dentro de los lineamientos metodológicos y de los vínculos que existen hacia una cultura explicita o humanitaria.