755 resultados para PEI
Resumo:
A new 12 channels parallel optical transmitter module in which a Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Laser (VCSEL) has been selected as the optical source is capable of transmitting 37.5Gbps date over hundreds meters. A new 12 channels parallel optical receiver module in which a GaAs PIN (p-intrinsic-n-type) array has been selected as the optical receiver unit is capable of responding to 30Gbps date. A transmission system based on a 12 channels parallel optical transmitter module and a 12 channels parallel optical receiver module can be used as a 10Gbps STM-64 or an OC-192 optical transponder. The parallel optical modules and the parallel optical transmission system have passed the test in laboratory.
Resumo:
A monolithically integrated CMOS bioamplifier is presented in this paper for EEG recording applications. The capacitive-coupled circuit input structure is utilized to eliminate the large and random DC offsets existing in the electrode-tissue interface. Diode-connected NMOS transistors with negative voltage between gate and source are candidates for large resistors necessary to the bioamplifier. A passive BEF (Band Eliminator Filter) can reduce 50 Hz noise disturbance strength by more than 60 dB. A novel analysis approach is given to help determine the noise power spectral density. Simulation results show that the two-stage CMOS bioamplifier in a closed-loop capacitive feedback configuration,provides an AC in-band gain of 39.6 dB, a DC gain of zero, and an input-referred noise of 87 nVrms integrated from 0.01 Hz to 100 Hz.
Resumo:
This paper describes the design process and performance of the optimized parallel optical transmission module. Based on 1x12 VCSEL (Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Laser) array, we designed and fabricated the high speed parallel optical modules. Our parallel optical module contains a 1x12 VCSEL array, a 12 channel CMOS laser driver circuit, a high speed PCB (Printed Circuit Board), a MT fiber connector and a packaging housing. The L-I-V characteristics of the 850nm VCSEL was measured at the operating current 8mA, 3dB frequency bandwidth more than 3GHz and the optical output 1mW. The transmission rate of all 12 channels is 30Gbit/s, with a single channel 2.5Gbit/s. By adopting the integration of the 1x12 VCSEL array and the driver array, we make a high speed PCB (Printed Circuit Board) to provide the optoelectronic chip with the operating voltage and high speed signals current. The LVDS (Low-Voltage Differential Signals) was set as the input signal to achieve better high frequency performance. The active coupling was adopted with a MT connector (8 degrees slant fiber array). We used the Small Form Factor Pluggable (SFP) packaging. With the edge connector, the module could be inserted into the system dispense with bonding process.
Resumo:
The present study reports a subretinal implant device which can imitate the function of photoreceptor cells. Photodiode (PD) arrays on the chip translate the incident light into current according to the intensity of light. With an electrode at the end of every photodiode, the PDs transfer the current to the remnant healthy visual cells such as bipolar cells and horizontal cells and then activate these cells. Biocompatible character of the materials and artificial photoreceptor itself were tested and the photoelectric characteristics of the chips in simulative condition were described and discussed.
Resumo:
A novel CMOS-based preamplifier for amplifying brain neural signal obtained by scalp electrodes in brain-computer interface (BCI) is presented in this paper. By means of constructing effective equivalent input circuit structure of the preamplifier, two capacitors of 5 pF are included to realize the DC suppression compared to conventional preamplifiers. Then this preamplifier is designed and simulated using the standard 0.6 mu m MOS process technology model parameters with a supply voltage of 5 volts. With differential input structures adopted, simulation results of the preamplifier show that the input impedance amounts to more than 2 Gohm with brain neural signal frequency of 0.5 Hz-100 Hz. The equivalent input noise voltage is 18 nV/Hz(1/2). The common mode rejection ratio (CMRR) of 112 dB and the open-loop differential gain of 90 dB are achieved.
Resumo:
We study the four-wave mixing (FWM) in an opening five-level system with two dressing fields. There are three kinds of doubly dressing mechanisms (parallel cascade, sequential cascade, and nested cascade) in the system for doubly dressed four-wave mixing. These mechanisms reflect different correlations between two dressing fields and different effects of two dressing fields to the FWM. Investigation of these mechanisms is helpful to understand the generated high-order nonlinear optical signal dressed by multi-fields.
Resumo:
The dressed four- and six-wave mixings in a V-type four-level system are considered. Under two different dressed conditions, two- and three-photon resonant Autler-Townes splittings, accompanied by enhancement and suppression of wave mixing signal, are obtained analytically. Meanwhile, an electromagnetic induced transparency of multi-wave mixing is presented, which shows multiple peaks and asymmetric effects caused by one-photon, two-photon and three-photon resonances, separately. The slow light propagation multiple region of multi-wave mixing signal is also obtained.
Resumo:
随着材料科学的飞速发展,人们对具有不同结构和性能的聚合物材料提出了更高、更广泛的要求,合成出具有新型结构的聚合物,并研究其独特的性质和功能已成为当今高分子领域研究的主要方向。旋光性聚合物具有独特的不对称结构,在自然界的生物体中,旋光性大分子特有的不对称结构在维持生命过程、新陈代谢、物种繁衍、进化等方面都起着决定性的作用,在人工合成聚合物领域,旋光性聚合物也已经在手性识别和对映体拆分方面取得了广泛应用,并在手性催化剂、液晶、光开关、非线性光学和生物医药等领域表现出了潜在的应用前景。在本论文中,我们以具有强轴手性结构的2,2'-取代1,1'-联萘为手性源,设计并合成得到了多个系列的旋光性和非旋光性聚合物,取得了一些有意义的结果。1.含联萘基团旋光性聚酰亚胺的合成与性质从1,1'-联-2-萘酚出发合成了新型旋光性和非旋光性二酐单体,即2,2'-(3,3',-(3,3', 4,4'-四酸二酐)二苯甲酰氧基-1,1'-联萘((±)-,(R)-和(S)-BNDEDA),并通过BNDEDA和2,2'-(3,3', 4,4'-四酸二酐)二苯甲酰胺基-1,1'-联萘((±)-和(S)-BNDADA)同各种二胺的缩合聚合,制备得到了一系列旋光性和非旋光性聚酯酰亚胺PEIs和聚酰胺酰亚胺PAIs。(1) 所得芳香聚酰亚胺都具有良好的溶解性,较高的玻璃化转变温度和热分解温度:(2) PAIs和PEIs同它们相应的模型化合物在DMF溶液中具有基本相同的紫外可见吸收光谱,这说明聚合物沿分子主链方向的共轭长度局限在重复单元的结构之内,因此PAIs和PEIs溶液涂敷所得薄膜均表现出良好的透光性;(3) PAIs和PEIs都是非晶聚合物,但是它们在2θ为~12°处出现的衍射峰又说明在聚合物体系中存在着一定的长程有序结构,PEIs的有序性要高于PAIs的有序性,偶数亚甲基长脂肪链的引入没有造成PEI有序性的明显提高,而奇数亚甲基长脂肪链的引入则使得PEI在2θ为12°处的衍射峰更为明显;(4) 由于无法紧密排列,高分子链间的相互作用力不强,因此旋光性和非旋光性聚合物在热性能、溶解性和结晶性等方面均没有表现出明显差异;(5) 旋光性芳香PAls和PEIs都具有比它们相应模型化合物高的特性旋光值,CD谱图和构象分析结果表明,由于1,1'-联萘基团的轴手性和分子主链的刚性,旋光性芳香PAIs和PEIs的高分子链都具有高级手性构象结构;(6) 由于1,1'-联萘基团的二面角随着温度的升高而发生变化,因此聚合物的手性光学性质对温度表现出了明显的依赖关系。(7) 旋光性PAIs在DMF溶液中和在固体状态下都具有很好的旋光热稳定性,旋光性PEIs在固体状态下于玻璃化转变温度加热48 h也没有出现旋光能力的降低;(8) 光学双折射测试结果表明,溶液涂敷所得非旋光性聚合物薄膜的负性双折射要强于相应旋光性聚合物薄膜的负性双折射。2.新型联萘二酐和二胺单体的合成与聚合从1,1'-联-2-萘酚出发对1,1'-联萘基团的不同取得位置进行官能化,合成得到了九种14个新型联萘化合物,并成功地将改进的Curtius和Gabriel反应应用到联萘类二胺单体的合成中。利用所合成的新型二酐单体和二胺单体分别同各种二胺和二酐的缩合聚合,制备得到了一系列具有新型结构的非旋光性芳香聚酰亚胺,聚合物表现出良好的溶解性,较高的玻璃化转变温度和热分解温度。X-射线衍射谱图说明高分子链从1,1'-联萘基团6,6'-位连接所得聚酰亚胺具有较好的结构有序性。3.主链螺旋聚甲基丙烯酸联萘酚单甲醚酯的合成与表征从2-甲氧基-2'-羟基-1,1'-联萘出发,合成得到了新型旋光性和非旋光性甲基丙烯酸酯聚合单体,并在AIBN的自由基引发作用下聚合得到了具有主链螺旋结构的新型旋光性聚合物。(1) 手性光学性质的研究结果表明,旋光性聚甲基丙烯酸酯具有主链单手螺旋结构;(2) 聚合过程中不存在对映体选择性或对映有择性的聚合方式:(3) 聚合物核磁氢谱的研究结果表明,在旋光性聚合物体系中,位于侧链的联萘基团可能取两种构象结构,即动力学稳定和热力学稳定的构象。随着旋光性聚合物单手主链螺旋结构的形成,使甲氧基处于较高屏蔽状态下的联萘反式构象成为动力学稳定构象;(4) 变温核磁氢谱的研究表明,温度升高将造成动力学稳定的联萘反式构象结构在聚合物中的比例减少,并伴随着聚合物特性旋光值的降低,同时热力学稳定的联萘顺式构象结构在聚合物中的比例在增加;(5) 手性光学性质和核磁氢谱的研究结果表明,旋光性聚合物的主链手性构象(与侧链上联萘基团的构象相对应)对分子量的高低具有依赖关系;(6) 聚合单体同具有不同对映体过量的旋光性聚合物具有基本相同的紫外吸收光谱,说明旋光性聚合物中联萘基团构象结构的变化并未造成共轭程度的较大变化。而无论旋光性或是非旋光性聚合物所表现出来的荧光性则说明在聚合物体系中可能存在着联萘侧基的相互作用,形成了π电子跃迁。4.含联萘基团旋光性聚酯和聚酰胺的合成与性质通过(±)-和(S)-2,2'-二甲氧基-1,1-联萘-6,6'-二酰氯((±)-和(S)-DMBNDC)分别同1,1'-联-2-萘酚进行的界面缩聚,以及分别同各种芳香二胺在DMAc中的溶液缩聚合成得到了一系列旋光性和非旋光性聚酯和聚酰胺。(1) 聚合过程中不存在对映有择或对映体选择性的聚合方式;(2) GPC、~1H NMR谱图以及激光质谱的研究结果表明,DMBNDC同1,1'-联-2-萘酚的缩合产物可能主要以环状低聚物的形式存在;(3) 根据DMBNDC同1,1'-联-2-萘酚缩合所得产物的特性旋光值可以推断在聚合物体系中DMBNDC和1,1'-联-2-萘酚的手性结构具有良好的加和性:(4) (±)-和(S)-DMBNDC同各种芳香二胺聚合所得非旋光性和旋光性聚酰胺都表现出良好的溶解性,较高的玻璃化转变温度以及热稳定性。旋光性聚酰胺具有比相应非旋光性聚酰胺高的玻璃化转变温度;(5) 广角X-射线衍射谱图上的弥散峰表明所得聚酰胺具有非晶结构,但是随着二胺单元结构刚性的增强,聚合物在~13°处出现了新的衍射峰,说明聚合物结构的有序性得到了增强:(6) 旋光性聚酰胺都具有比模型化合物(S)-7高的特性旋光值,而且不同二胺单元结构造成了聚合物特性旋光值的较大变化,构象分析结果表明在旋光性聚酰胺的分子主链上存在着高级手性构象。
Resumo:
耐热树脂或称特种工程塑料主要包括聚芳飒类、聚醚酮类、聚芳酷、液晶类、聚酞亚胺和聚苯硫醚等。长春应化所已获得有关聚芳醚酮(PEK-C),聚芳醚砜(PES-C)和聚酞亚胺(PEI)等特种工程塑料的专利12项。在特种工程塑料中,PEK-C,PES-C和PEI有着最高的机械强度(室温下的拉伸强度在100MPa以上)。PES-C和PEI的耐热等级最高(热变形温度分别为225℃和220-260℃)。PE工有极好的阻燃性(氧指数为47)和耐磨性。而PEK-C的加工性好、韧性高、耐磨损和抗电击穿等性质突出,其综合物性与英国ICI公司的聚醚醚酮(PEEK)相近,是良好的高性能复合材料基体树脂。具有优异综合物性的PEK-C、PES-C、PEI及其改性系列材料在机械、电子电气、军工、医疗及食品等许多领域有着广泛的应用前景。近年来,长春应化所在酞侧基聚芳醚酮和聚芳醚矾的结构一加工一物性关系及开发应用等方面作了大量的研究工作,主要涉及此两种聚合物的粘弹性、屈服行为、断裂行为、转变与松弛以及复合与共混等方面内容。这些研究工作表明,酞侧基聚芳醚酮和聚芳醚矾经过共混和复合改性能够具有更优异的使用性能,而且这些研究中的一些方法同样可以应用于其它耐热树脂的改性。高分子材料科学的发展趋势就是在更深层次上把握材料的结构特点及其与宏观物性间的相互关耽达到高分子分子设计和材料设计的目标,实现高性能化和高功能化使现有的高分子材料找到更广泛而合理的应用。工程塑料的高性能化是高分子材料科学近年来发展的一个主要方向。为满足航天航空、电子信息、汽车工业家用电器以及机械等多方面技术领域的需要,要求材料的机械性能、耐热性、耐腐蚀性和长期使用性等性能进一步提高。在现有工程塑料品种的基础上通过共混增韧、复合增强等改性方法使其成为高性能的结构材料,是高分子材料私}学的前沿课题及重要任务。本文采用熔融加工的方法制备了PEK-C和PES-C耐热树脂的共混与复合材料,利用热分析、力学性能检测、微观形貌观察、加工性能检测等手段研究了共混物及复合材料的结构与性能。通过对PEK-C和PES-C的冲击断裂过程的研究,我们发现,两种材料在裂纹起始扩展时所能承受的最大应力值相同,但PES-C的裂纹引发(ti)和扩展(tp)所需时间仅是PEK-C的一半,此即PES-C的冲击强度(I)和断裂韧性(KIC)较低的原因。因此,如能延长裂纹引发和扩展的时间,也就是说如能扩大断裂过程区,抑制裂纹的早期形成就能达到增韧的目的。在PES-C的增韧研究方面,我们可以借鉴通用塑料的增韧方法,即在高聚物基体中,以适当的手段掺加第二相粒子,通过粒子的变形和引发基体在粒子周围产生剪切屈服或银纹化等作用机理,实现增韧目的。所不同的是,对PES-C类耐热树脂来说,实现增韧的同时应保持材料原有的高强度和高耐热性等优良险质。另一方面,由于耐热树脂的加工温度极高,适合于通用塑料的偶联剂等界面改性技术已不再适用于特种工程塑料。针对PES-C的增韧方法和机理的研究工作可归纳为以下三个方面:①刚性有机粒子(PPS,LCP等)增韧;②柔性有机粒子(UHMWPE)增韧;③刚性无机粒子(硅灰石)增韧。物理老化或结构松弛效应使得高聚物材料的结构和宏观物性随时间而发生变化。随时间的增长,PES-C和PES-C/PPS共混物的拉伸强度增加、冲击韧性减小,而且这种变化趋势表现出物理老化过程的自衰减特性。研究结果表明,PES-C/pps共棍物的结构松弛速率比PES-C慢。具有良好界面相互作用的PES一C/PPS共混物材料的强度和韧性始终高于PES-C纯组份聚合物。因此说,pES-C/PPS共混物不仅具有良好的短期性能,而且在高温下长期使用过程中,其力学性能将始终优于纯组份聚合物。我们研究了热固性聚酞亚胺预聚物(P01)增容聚芳醚酮/聚苯硫醚共混物的热学性能、力学性能、形态结构及加工性,对POI在聚芳醚酮/聚苯硫醚共混物中所起的增容作用机理进行了初步探讨。实验发现,PEK-C/PPS共混物在保持PEK一C原有的高强度和高模量的同时,加工流动性和韧性得到一定程度的改善。PEK-C/ppS/Pm三元共混物中,少量的POI能够控制PPS分散相的相区尺寸,防止分散相粒子的自凝聚,起到了增容剂的作用。热固性高聚物预聚体可用于增容热塑性高聚物共混体系,这种增容方法有其特殊性和新颖性,增容后的聚芳醚酮/聚苯硫醚共棍物的力学性能得以改善。利用纤维可以作为结晶性高聚物的异相成核剂的特性,将合适的结晶性高聚物与非晶高聚物共混,可以在在一定程度上改善非晶高聚物与纤维间的界面粘结,提高纤维增强效率。这种方法对PEK-C类耐热树脂尤为重要。通过与即S共混,玻纤增强PEK-C复合材料中纤维与基体间的界面粘结以及纤维的长径比明显增加,因而复合材料的强度和模量显著提高,而且加工流动性也得到一定程度的改善。从考虑综合物性的角度出发,利用结晶性高聚物改善纤维与非晶树脂基体间的界面粘结时,结晶性高聚物的用量存在一个最佳值。与PEEK/GF复合材料相比,PEK-C/PPS/GF复合材料在加工能耗、价格等方面存在很大优势,可以预期这一高性能复合材料可应用于制造高强度、高耐热、耐腐蚀、耐磨损、耐疲劳的往复运动部件、振动或转动等机械零部件。
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本文从3-硝基苯酐出发合成了3-位异构体的聚酰亚胺如:3,3'PTI-PoP,3,3'-PEI-PoP,3,3'-PSI-PoP。并利用本实验室已有的4-位异构体双酐,与3-位异构体双酐按不同比例混合分别与4,4'-二胺基二苯醚(简称PoP)共聚获得一系列共聚产物,此外还合成了尚未完见文献报导的3,4'-PTI-PoP,并对由不同异构体双酐获得的聚酰亚胺的性能进行了全面系统地研究与比较。考察了3-位异构体和4-位异构体所获得的聚酰胺酸溶液的稳定性,发现3-位异构体的聚酰胺酸比4-位异构体降解得快。用热分析法研究了聚酰亚胺的热稳定性,可以发现,PTI-PoP是具有最高的热稳定性。开始分解温度在530 ℃以上,属于最耐热聚合物的一种。PEI-PoP分解温度在500 PoP以上。PSI-PoP的热稳定性低于前二者。另一个现象是热稳定性与异构体无关,3-位和4-位异构体聚合物具有相当一致的稳定性。此外含有硫醚的聚酰亚胺的热稳定性高于含氧醚链的聚合物。PEI-PoP具有相当突击的韧性,且其韧性与异构体无明显关系,而PTI-PoP的韧性却决定于异构体的结构。4,4'-PTI-PoP具有较好的韧性,但3,3'-PTI-PoP就显得较脆,共聚物的韧性随4-位异构体组成的增加韧性增大。有趣的是3,4'-PTI-PoP具有较好的韧性。玻璃化转变温度系PSI-PoP最高,3,3'-PSI-PoP的T_g高于350 ℃,4,4'-PSI-PoP最低,3,3'-PEI-PoP的T-g高于4,4'-PEI-PoP。共聚物的T_g随4-位异构体含量的增加而降低。PEI-PoP耐光水学性能良好,PTI-PoP次之,其中4,4'-PEI-PoP优于3,3'-PEI-PoP;4,4'-PTI-PoP又好于3,3'-PTI-PoP。突出表现在4,4'-PEI-PoP和4,4'-PTI-PoP能够耐氯仿,而3,3'-PEI-PoP和3,3'-PTI-PoP氯仿则是它们的良溶剂。4,4'-PTI-PoP比3,3'-PTI-PoP耐碱。由不同异构体又酐所获得的聚酰亚胺的动态力学行为各异。3,3'-PTI-PoP和3,3'-PEI-PoP在到达玻璃化温度之前无明显的β-次转变峰,而4,4'-PTI-PoP和4,4'-PEI-PoP在50~200 ℃范围内有一个很宽的次转变峰。共聚物的次转变峰面积随异构体组成的不同而规律地变化,4-位异构体含量增加,面积增大。另外随温度升高,在T_g之前,贮能模量下降百分率也有规律可循,3,3'-PEI-PoP和3,3'-PTI-PoP分别比4,4'-PEI-PoP和4,4'-PTI-PoP下降幅度小。共聚物中,随4-位异构体含量的增加,模量下降百分率增大。3,4'-PTI-PoP的动态力学谱类似PTI-PoP共聚物,出现β-次转变峰,而其T_g高于4,4'-PTI-PoP低于3,3'-PTI-PoP.
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A two-dimensional (2D) multi-channel silicon-based microelectrode array is developed for recording neural signals. Three photolithographic masks are utilized in the fabrication process. SEM images show that the microprobe is 1. 2mm long,100μm wide,and 30μm thick, with recording sites spaced 200μm apart for good signal isolation. For the individual recording sites, the characteristics of impedance versus frequency are shown by in vitro testing. The impedance declines from 14MΩ to 1.9kv as the frequency changes from 0 to 10MHz. A compatible PCB (print circuit board) aids in the less troublesome implantation and stabilization of the microprobe.
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A monolithic integrated CMOS preamplifier is presented for neural recording applications. Two AC-coupied capacitors are used to eliminate the large and random DC offsets existing in the electrode-electrolyte interface. Diode-connected nMOS transistors with a negative voltage between the gate and source are candidates for the large resistors necessary for the preamplifier. A novel analysis is given to determine the noise power spectral density. Simulation results show that the two-stage CMOS preamplifier in a closed-loop capacitive feedback configuration provides an AC in-band gain of 38.8dB,a DC gain of 0,and an input-referred noise of 277nVmax, integrated from 0. 1Hz to 1kHz. The preamplifier can eliminate the DC offset voltage and has low input-referred noise by novel circuit configuration and theoretical analysis.
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Design and fabrication of a parallel optical transmitter are reported. The optimized 12 channel parallel optical transmitter,with each channel's data rate up to 3Gbit/s,is designed, assembled, and measured. A top-emitting 850nm vertical cavity surface emitting laser(VCSEL) array is adopted as the light source,and the VCSEL chip is directly wire bonded to a 12 channel driver IC. The outputs of the VCSEL array are directly butt coupled into a 12 channel fiber array. Small form factor pluggable (SFP) packaging technology is used in the module to support hot pluggable in application. The performance results of the module are demonstrated. At an operating current of 8mA, an eye diagram at 3Gbit/s is achieved with an optical output of more than 1mW.