Mathematically Able but Yet Underachieving in School Mathematics

Teacher observation has shown that some pupils achieve very high on the Kangaroo Competition test (KC) but very low on the Swedish National test in Mathematics (SNM). This study will investigate the number of pupils who have high achievement scores on the KC (top 10%) but low achievement scores on the SNM (bottom 50%). Individual results on the SNM given in grade 6 (age 12) will be compared to results on the KC given in grade 7; concerning approximately 700 individuals. Results will give an example of the quantity of mathematically able pupils who underachieve in School Mathematics in Sweden. Data interpretation will connect this study to international research concerning mathematical abilities and mathematical achievement among mathematically able pupils.

GeoGebraTUTOR : développement d’un système tutoriel autonome pour l’accompagnement d’élèves en situation de résolution de problèmes de démonstration en géométrie plane et genèse d’un espace de travail géométrique idoine

Travaux d'études doctorales réalisées conjointement avec les travaux de recherches doctorales de Nicolas Leduc, étudiant au doctorat en génie informatique à l'École Polytechnique de Montréal.

EXAMINING SECONDARY MATHEMATICS TEACHER CANDIDATES’ LEARNING AND ENACTMENT OF MATHEMATICS TEACHING PRACTICES: A MULTIPLE CASE STUDY

This qualitative case study explored three teacher candidates’ learning and enactment of discourse-focused mathematics teaching practices. Using audio and video recordings of their teaching practice this study aimed to identify the shifts in the way in which the teacher candidates enacted the following discourse practices: elicited and used evidence of student thinking, posed purposeful questions, and facilitated meaningful mathematical discourse. The teacher candidates’ written reflections from their practice-based coursework as well as interviews were examined to see how two mathematics methods courses influenced their learning and enactment of the three discourse focused mathematics teaching practices. These data sources were also used to identify tensions the teacher candidates encountered. All three candidates in the study were able to successfully enact and reflect on these discourse-focused mathematics teaching practices at various time points in their preparation programs. Consistency of use and areas of improvement differed, however, depending on various tensions experienced by each candidate. Access to quality curriculum materials as well as time to formulate and enact thoughtful lesson plans that supported classroom discourse were tensions for these teacher candidates. This study shows that teacher candidates are capable of enacting discourse-focused teaching practices early in their field placements and with the support of practice-based coursework they can analyze and reflect on their practice for improvement. This study also reveals the importance of assisting teacher candidates in accessing rich mathematical tasks and collaborating during lesson planning. More research needs to be explored to identify how specific aspects of the learning cycle impact individual teachers and how this can be used to improve practice-based teacher education courses.

e-Math Workshops : a forum for exchanging experiences of mathematics e-learning at university level

We report here about a series of international workshops on e-learning of mathematics at university level, which have been jointly organized by the three publicly funded open universities in the Iberian Peninsula and which have taken place annually since 2009. The history, achievements and prospects for the future of this initiative will be addressed.

O currículo de matemática do 1º ciclo doensino secundário de Cabo Verde na perspectiva de professores

Este estudo tem por objetivo compreender a perspetiva de professores sobre o currículo de Matemática do 1º ciclo do Ensino Secundário cabo-verdiano e conhecer necessidades de formação que identificam, para um melhor desempenho na sua catividade profissional. As questões de estudo são: 1) Como se reveem os professores de Matemática no currículo do 1º ciclo do Ensino Secundário, enquanto agentes que interpretam e implementam esse currículo? 2) Que potencialidades e dificuldades reconhecem nesse currículo? 3) Que áreas consideram haver necessidade de formação, para a melhoria da sua prática docente, nesse nível de ensino? O desenvolvimento do referencial teórico integra duas áreas temáticas como eixos centrais: o currículo, o professor e o professor de Matemática. Foi feita uma análise de normativos cabo-verdianos para a educação, entre os quais se destacam a Lei de Bases do Sistema Educativo, o Plano de estudos para o ensino secundário e o Programa de Matemática do 1o ciclo do Ensino Secundário. A metodologia adotada na investigação segue uma abordagem interpretativa e descritiva, suportada por um design de estudo de caso. São estudados três casos, relativos a professores de Matemática cabo-verdianos do 1º ciclo do Ensino Secundário. A recolha de dados recorre a urna entrevista semiestruturada a cada professor, à observação de três aulas por professor participante e à recolha documental. A análise de dados foi feita utilizando principalmente a técnica de análise de conteúdos. Os professores revêem-se como executores de um currículo uniforme, de cumprimento obrigatório, normativo, emanado centralmente e do qual procuram interpretar as intenções. A sua visão de currículo é centrada nos conteúdos do programa, um dos motivos para que o enquadramento ao nível dos meios institucionais e as competências esperadas ao nível do saber fazer e ao nível do saber ser nem sempre serem conhecidas e/ou cumpridas. Em Acão, revêem-se como figuras centrais do currículo. Todos se reveem com mais competência na implementação curricular à medida que vão adquirindo experiência profissional. Concordam com os temas do programa e um deles sugere a inclusão de um tema. Consideram que os conteúdos nem sempre estão bem organizados e mostram a necessidade de a metodologia do programa ser mais detalhada, evidenciando claramente os seus propósitos. Eventualmente, podem não concordar com a estrutura de currículo em espiral do programa. Os professores identificam mais formação com melhor desempenho. As necessidades de formação são: Metodologia do Ensino da Matemática, Resolução de Problemas, Avaliação e a Geometria ligada à utilização de materiais pedagógicos. O estudo parece indicar que os professores não desenvolvem práticas diferentes por não terem essa vivência e aponta os professores mais jovens como mais abertos à mudança. ABSTRACT: The aim of this study is to understand the perspective of the teacher in relation to the Mathematics curriculum of the 1st cycle of Secondary School of Cape Verde (grades 7-8) and to learn about his/her training needs to develop better skills and performance in their professional activity. The key questions in this study are: 1) how do Mathematics teachers, acting in the capacity of agents who interpret and implement the 1st cycle of Secondary School curriculum, see themselves in this curriculum? 2) What potentialities and difficulties can they recognize in the curriculum? 3) What areas do they consider in need of training to improve teaching capacity within such education grade? The theoretical framework of this investigation integrates two main areas: the curriculum and the teacher. An analysis of Cape-Verdian normative texts for education has been made, including the Lei de Bases do Sistema Educativo (Basis Law of the Educational System), the Study plan for secondary school and the Mathematics program of the 1st cycle of secondary school. ln terms of methodology, we opted for an interpretative approach to our investigation, namely the case study. We looked at three case studies concerning the Cape-Verdian mathematics teacher of the 1st cycle of secondary school. The data collection uses a semi­structured interview for each teacher, the observation of three classes per participating teacher and the documental collection. Content analysis is the main technique used for analyzing the data. Teachers see themselves as practitioners of a uniform curriculum with mandatory compliance and delineated guidelines set by the administration, and they follow their own understanding of its intended purpose. Their vision of the curriculum is focused on program contents, one of the reasons why the expected skills at the level of "how to do" and "how to be" are not always known and/or done. ln their professional setting they see themselves with professional skills growing in tandem with professional experience. They all agree with the program contents but one of them suggests one content to add. ln their opinion the program is not always well organized and they suggest the need for a more comprehensive and detailed methodology of program contents. ln addition, they might not agree with the spiral structure of the program curriculum. They also identified the need for more elaborate professional training including: A Methodology for Mathematics Education, solving problems, Evaluation and the Geometry related to the utilization of pedagogical materials. The study seems to indicate that teachers refrain from developing different practices because of lack of experience but also demonstrates that younger teachers are more open to change.

Pavimentações do plano : uma exploração com materiais manipulativos no 4º ano de escolaridade

Relatório de Estágio apresentado à Escola Superior de Educação do Instituto Politécnico de Castelo Branco para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Mestre em Educação Pré- Escolar e 1º Ciclo do Ensino Básico.

Knowledge and writing in school mathematics : a communicational approach

This thesis is about young students’ writing in school mathematics and the ways in which this writing is designed, interpreted and understood. Students’ communication can act as a source from which teachers can make inferences regarding students’ mathematical knowledge and understanding. In mathematics education previous research indicates that teachers assume that the process of interpreting and judging students’ writing is unproblematic. The relationship between what students’ write, and what they know or understand, is theoretical as well as empirical. In an era of increased focus on assessment and measurement in education it is necessary for teachers to know more about the relationship between communication and achievement. To add to this knowledge, the thesis has adopted a broad approach, and the thesis consists of four studies. The aim of these studies is to reach a deep understanding of writing in school mathematics. Such an understanding is dependent on examining different aspects of writing. The four studies together examine how the concept of communication is described in authoritative texts, how students’ writing is viewed by teachers and how students make use of different communicational resources in their writing. The results of the four studies indicate that students’ writing is more complex than is acknowledged by teachers and authoritative texts in mathematics education. Results point to a sophistication in students’ approach to the merging of the two functions of writing, writing for oneself and writing for others. Results also suggest that students attend, to various extents, to questions regarding how, what and for whom they are writing in school mathematics. The relationship between writing and achievement is dependent on students’ ability to have their writing reflect their knowledge and on teachers’ thorough knowledge of the different features of writing and their awareness of its complexity. From a communicational perspective the ability to communicate [in writing] in mathematics can and should be distinguished from other mathematical abilities. By acknowledging that mathematical communication integrates mathematical language and natural language, teachers have an opportunity to turn writing in mathematics into an object of learning. This offers teachers the potential to add to their assessment literacy and offers students the potential to develop their communicational ability in order to write in a way that better reflects their mathematical knowledge.

Conversation Circles as a Teaching Strategy: An Experience to Reflect on and Implement in Higher Education

The experience approached in this paper aims at reflecting, reasoning, planning and implementing the “Conversation Circles” as a teaching strategy in the PF-4237 course “Theory of Education: Multiculturalism and Education��� of the Latin American Doctoral Program in Education, University of Costa Rica. This training experience, based on the communicative action theory, intended to integrate the assistance of the teacher, the confrontation to otherness and the building of knowledge, skills and social attitudes in higher education.

Avaliação do Processo de Ensino e Aprendizagem em Matemática: contribuições da teoria histórico-cultural

This article presents the results of a study that investigated the meaning of evaluation in mathematics from the historical cultural perspective, focusing on activity theory. In order to develop the investigation, a collaborative group was formed from the Oficina Pedagogica de Matematica de Ribeirao Preto - Sao Paulo (Math Pedagogic Workshop of Ribeirao Preto - OPM/RP), constituted of pre-school teachers and early elementary school teachers, who were participants in this research. The main role of the collaborative group was to offer guided development to the teachers about the teaching of mathematics from the historical-cultural perspective, aiming at collecting data on the process of appropriation of mathematical knowledge by the teachers. The syntheses about the teachers' learning process have contributed to systematize the guiding elements of evaluation in mathematics from the historical-cultural perspective.

Disciplinas de Fundamentos de Matemática: uma discussão à luz dos significados da palavra “fundamentos”

Based on a survey of summaries of courses on the Foundations of Mathematics, from Mathematics Teacher Education programs in the southern part of Brazil, and some remarks on the legislation related to the course syllabuses, we discuss the meaning of the word ""Foundations"" in order to reflect on the proposals of these issues in the courses, which will be undergoing reformulation. The opinions of students in one of these courses regarding the meaning of the term ""foundations"", as well as the data obtained from the survey and the remarks regarding legislation, may lead to considerations about the possibilities for a better qualification of the initial education of Mathematics teachers.

Do labor aos mitos: uma nova linha no mapa das pesquisas em Etnomatemática

In this paper we highlight the existence of a new line of research within the Ethnomathematics Program. In its origin, research in this area has sought to contribute to understanding regarding the diversity of mathematical thought through a careful look at work activities. In recent years, however, we have paid increasing attention to the affirmations of anthropologists that myths can be used to understand the most basic questions of human thought as well as specific questions regarding the society that produced them. Based on this idea, the myths of different peoples are perceived as informative with respect to their Ethnomathematics. Thus, together with work activities, myths constitute a source of support on which we draw to develop this line of research.

A formação de professores e suas relações com cultura e sociedade: a educação escolar indígena no centro das atenções

This paper reflects the current situation surrounding indigenous teacher education by means of the construction of a dialogue among three educators, two of them non-indigenous educators involved with indigenous school education and one indigenous educator committed to the education of his people. Teacher education, situated in a socio-cultural way, is the center of attention in this paper. ""Listening"" as a way of talking with the ""other"" is one of the theoretical focuses of this exercise between teacher educators and teachers, which uses dialogue as a means to increase awareness. In the dialogic process mentione, it was possible to realize how rich a dynamic between educators from different cultural contexts can be. The desire of the indigenous educator and his/her people to contribute their ideas to the construction of the indigenous school became evident. This shows the great challenge for non-indigenous educators seeking to contribute to the organization of the school education of distinct indigenous nations.

A Análise Matemática no Ensino Universitário Brasileiro: a contribuição de Omar Catunda

The goal of this paper is to show the diffusion, reception, and utilization of Omar Catunda's book Course of Mathematical Analysis for mathematics and engineering teaching in Brazilian universities, e. g., University of Sao Paulo and the University of Bahia from 1950 to 1976. We used interviews of some ex-alumni or users of his book. We also present some signs of the influence of his book and of Catunda himself at University of Rio Grande do Sul. We argue that Catunda and his book were important agents of process of modernizing the teaching of calculus and analysis, through his classes as well as his book.