876 resultados para Inclusion to school environment


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Objectives: To evaluate the feasibility of a universally delivered CBT-based programme for pupils within a Scottish secondary school setting. Design: A pre-post, within and between groups design was utilised. Setting: Religious Moral Citizenship and Education (RMCE) classes in a Scottish secondary school. Participants: Four (n = 103) classes of third year secondary school pupils were arbitrarily allocated to two conditions: RMCE-as usual (RMCE-AU) controls, and LLTTF intervention. Intervention: Living Life to the Full (LLTTF) is a series of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT)-based booklets and accompanying 8 classes to improve coping skills. An adolescent version of LLTTF was recently developed. This was delivered over nine weeks by school teachers trained in the approach. Outcome measures: The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, Rosenberg Self-Esteem scale, General Self-Efficacy Scale, and Locus of Control scale were administered at baseline and 9 week follow-up. To determine acceptability and utility of the materials course feedback was gathered weekly from the intervention group and a focus group (n=5) was conducted at 3 month follow up. Results: Outcome measures showed no significant improvement in overall wellbeing of those in the intervention group compared with that of the control group. Weekly feedback suggested that the majority of pupils found the materials useful and relevant. Focus group feedback suggested that pupils found the intervention useful, had utilised strategies in everyday life and would welcome recurring provision of such interventions within the school setting. Conclusions: Universally delivered CBT intervention is acceptable and feasible within the secondary school environment. However, objective measurement using standardised tools does not adequately corroborate qualitative feedback from pupils. Issues relating to measurement, study design and implementation of future interventions are discussed.

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The academic achievement of African American adolescents is a national concern for educators and researchers especially since current reports depict the underachievement of African American students as continuing to lag behind their European American peers. Determining what factors within the school environment that contributes to the achievement gap and how it can be reduced remains an important issue in alleviating disparities seen in educational achievement and attainment. This study examined the relation between characteristics of the close friendships of high-achieving African American adolescents and students’ identity development and motivation in school. Data were collected from 217 high-achieving African American students within 10th to 12th grade from 5 public and private high schools. Each student self-reported on their ethnicity, gender, parents’ education level, grade, FARMs, GPA, perceived teacher support (emotional, academic, and instrumental support), their perception of their ethnic identity, and their perception of their achievement values. Through the use of nomination procedures, students also identified their close friends and responded to questions concerning how supportive (emotional, academic, and instrumental support) they each were. Results from multiple regression analyses showed that the provision of instrumental support from close friends related to the exploration process of the high-achieving students’ ethnic identity. In addition, there was a strong relation between the ethnic identity of close friends and that of the individual. Furthermore, although friend support was not a significant predictor of achievement values, demographic (mother’s education level, grade, and FARMS) and control (teacher support) variables predicted students’ importance and utility of school respectively. These findings add to the literature on age and socioeconomic status as they relate to student’s motivation to achieve. Overall, this study provides some evidence highlighting ways in which close friendships might relate to the self-development of high-achieving African American adolescents. This study provides a starting point for additional ways in which to explore how peer processes relate to the academic behaviors of high-achieving African American adolescents.

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Background and Aim: The prevalence of alcohol use has increased globally. Out-of-school youth are a vulnerable group who might have missed opportunities for learning healthy behaviours in a formal school environment. The purpose of this study was to determine the risk perception, pattern of use, and correlates of alcohol use among out-of-school youth in Lagos, Nigeria. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 380 out-of-school youth in motor parks in Lagos State, Nigeria, using interviewer administered questionnaires. Results: The lifetime prevalence of alcohol use was 61.1%, while 55.5% were current drinkers. Beer (57.3%) was the most consumed type of alcohol, followed by distilled spirits (29.8%). Using the CAGE scoring system, more than half (57.8%) of the current drinkers had a drinking problem. Almost three quarters (70.1%) had experienced at least one episode of alcohol intoxication within the past month. A considerable number of current drinkers (63.5%) desired to reduce their alcohol intake or stop drinking, while 45.5% had made unsuccessful attempts to do so within the past year. Only 28.9% had received assistance to quit or reduce their drinking and of these less than half (39.3%) received assistance from a professional or healthcare worker. Males were more likely to be current drinkers and to have experienced episodes of alcohol intoxication. Parental and peer drinking were associated with alcohol use but not with intoxication. Conclusions: It is important to design specific programmes to reduce alcohol use among out-of-school youth in these settings.

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Tese (doutorado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Psicologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Processos de Desenvolvimento Humano e Saúde, 2016.

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Dissertação apresentada para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Educação Social e Intervenção Comunitária

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Dissertação apresentada para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Educação Social e Intervenção Comunitária

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O presente estudo denominado “Inclusão, Direitos Humanos e Igualdade: Educar para a diferença” direcionou-se para a temática da deficiência física evidente. Partindo do mestrado em Ação Humanitária, Cooperação e Desenvolvimento, incidimos o nosso estudo na temática dos direitos humanos associada à da inclusão. A diferença, usualmente, origina exclusão em virtude de que o que é diferente não é socialmente aceite. Vivemos numa sociedade formatada para o “normal” em que o “normal” apresenta-se sempre como um modo de supressão gradual da diferença e da uniformização da diversidade e onde dificilmente encaixa a “diferença”. Uma das áreas onde se verifica tratamento diferenciado é a nível da deficiência que, não sendo entendida pela sociedade, gera um ciclo vicioso que dificilmente se quebra. Para tal, a escola terá de desempenhar um papel de extrema importância, modificando mentalidades, promovendo a deficiência, para que no futuro esta não seja encarada como uma diferença, mas como uma mais-valia no processo de singularidade e de diversidade humanas. Os comportamentos e os movimentos de transformação não podem ser impostos, mas devem ser introduzidos, compreendidos e modificados, pois só desta forma podem servir como alavanca de suporte para uma sociedade mais justa, mais inclusiva, mais humana, pois está nas mãos de cada um de nós, educadores, formar futuros cidadãos conscientes, ativos e responsáveis. A sociedade atual vive momentos conturbados decorrentes de interesses geopolíticos e estratégicos que potenciam conflitos armados, em que cada vez mais a população é indiscriminadamente afetada. Uma das consequências destes conflitos é a deficiência física evidente, aqui explorada, e que é uma realidade inerente à nossa prática profissional. Todos os dias são colocados em questão os direitos humanos de quem tem que conviver diariamente com ambientes bélicos. Apesar da sociedade portuguesa estar pouco desperta para esta realidade, pareceu-nos pertinente levar esta temática para a escola tentando explorar as perceções de crianças face à deficiência física evidente, quando observada noutras crianças, em ambiente escolar. Fizemos a aplicação de diversos métodos (inquéritos, visualização de imagens e vídeo, atividades de simulação de deficiência), atividades práticas em ambiente escolar que nos permitissem atingir o nosso objetivo geral. Posteriormente, foi realizada a interpretação de dados decorrentes da aplicação da metodologia, quer quantitativamente, quer qualitativamente efetuada a sua análise e retiradas conclusões.

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Universidade Estadual de Campinas . Faculdade de Educação Física

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Universidade Estadual de Campinas . Faculdade de Educação Física

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Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Faculdade de Educação Física

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Universidade Estadual de Campinas . Faculdade de Educação Física

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Universidade Estadual de Campinas . Faculdade de Educação Física

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Universidade Estadual de Campinas . Faculdade de Educação Física