The structure of liquid argon as determined by x-ray diffraction

X-ray diffraction measurements and subsequent data analyses have been carried out on liquid argon at five states in the density range of 0.91 to 1.135 gm/cc and temperature range of 127 to 143°K. Duplicate measurements were made on all states. These data yielded radial distribution and direct correlation functions which were then used to compute the pair potential using the Percus-Yevick equation. The potential minima are in the range of -105 to -120°K and appear to substantiate current theoretical estimates of the effective pair potential in the presence of a weak three-body force.

The data analysis procedure used was new and does not distinguish between the coherent and incoherent absorption factors for the cell scattering which were essentially equal. With this simplification, the argon scattering estimate was compared to the gas scattering estimate on the laboratory frame of reference and the two estimates coincided, indicating the data normalized. The argon scattering on the laboratory frame of reference was examined for the existence of the peaks in the structure factor and the existence of an observable third peak was considered doubtful.

Numerical studies of the effect of truncation, normalization, the subsidiary peak phenomenon in the radial distribution function, uncertainties in the low angle data relative to errors in the direct correlation function and the distortion phenomenon are presented.

The distortion phenomenon for this experiment explains why the Mikolaj-Pings argon data yielded pair potential well depths from the Percus-Yevick equation that were too shallow and an apparent slope with respect to density that was too steep compared to theoretical estimates.

The data presented for each measurement are: empty cell and cell plus argon intensity, absorption factors, argon intensity, smoothed argon intensity, smoothed argon intensity corrected for distortion, structure factor, radial distribution function, direct correlation function and the pair potential from the Percus-Yevick equation.

Aplicación de la norma internacional de contabilidad nic 36 deterioro de valor de los activos en entidades cotizadas

Idioma del TFG: castellano. Análisis de lo que implica la aplicación de la norma internacional de contabilidad y realizar una breve comparativa con la normativa española, destacar si existen diferentes, y observar y analizar como afecta y se implanta en empresas pertenecientes al IBEX 35, tanto del mismo sector como sectores distintos.

Desenvolvimento do pênis durante o período fetal humano (13 a 36 semanas pós-concepção)

Objetivo: Analisar, em fetos humanos, o crescimento da área do pênis, da túnica albugínea e das estruturas eréteis (corpos cavernosos e corpo esponjoso), bem como o aparecimento e modificações das principais estruturas que compõem estes tecidos (colágeno, músculo liso e fibra elástica) durante o período fetal (13 a 36 semanas pós-concepção), fornecendo padrões normativos de crescimento. Material e Métodos: Foram utilizados 56 fetos humanos do sexo masculino com idade gestacional compreendida entre 13 e 36 semanas pós-concepção (SPC). Foram utilizadas técnicas histoquímicas, imunohistoquímicas, e análises morfométricas, e analisados os seguintes parâmetros: área total do pênis, área do corpo cavernoso, área do corpo esponjoso e a espessura da túnica albugínea na região dorsal e ventral do corpo cavernoso. No corpo cavernoso e no corpo esponjoso, as fibras musculares, o colágeno e as fibras do sistema elástico, foram identificados e quantificados por percentagem, no programa Image J (NIH, Bethesda, EUA).Resultados: Da 13 à 36 semana pós-concepção, a área do pênis variou de 0,95mm2 a 24,25mm2. No mesmo período a área do corpo cavernoso variou de 0,28mm2 a 9,12mm2 e a área do corpo esponjoso de 0,14mm2 a 3,99mm2. No corpo cavernoso a percentagem de fibras colágenas, fibras musculares e fibras do sistema elástico variaram, respectivamente, de 19,88% a 36,60%, de 4,39 % a 29,76 % e de 1,91% a 8,92%. No corpo esponjoso a percentagem de fibras colágenas, fibras musculares e fibras do sistema elástico variaram, respectivamente de 34,65% a 45,89%, de 0,60% a 11,90% e de 3,22% a 11,93%. A espessura da túnica albugínea variou de 0,029 a 0,296 na região dorsal e de 0,014 a 0,113 na região ventral do corpo cavernoso.Conclusão: Existe correlação fortemente positiva entre o crescimento da área total, da área do corpo cavernoso e da área do corpo esponjoso, com a idade gestacional, assim como existe correlação entre o crescimento dos elementos constituintes do tecido erétil do pênis (colágeno, fibras musculares lisas e fibras elásticas) com a idade gestacional no período fetal estudado. O ritmo de crescimento do pênis é mais intenso no IIo. trimestre gestacional (13 a 24 SPC). O crescimento da espessura da túnica albugínea também foi diretamente proporcional e apresentou correlação fortemente positiva com a idade gestacional, sendo maior na região dorsal em relação à região ventral do corpo cavernoso.

Back pages of No. 36, 1982

Information for Supporters of the Charles Darwin Foundation. Membership of the Executive Council.

Stray current corrosion of copper sheathing and keel cooling pipe of a 36' trawler

The results of investigations into the cause of an accelerated corrosion of copper sheathing and keel cooling pipe of a 36' wooden trawler are reported. The corrosion is attributed to the stray electric currents originating from the electrical wiring system. The sources of stray currents and the remedial measures have been suggested.

Detection of the hepatotoxic microcystins in 36 kinds of cyanobacteria Spirulina food products in China

Gel filtration chromatography, ultra-filtration, and solid-phase extraction silica gel clean-up were evaluated for their ability to remove microcystins selectively from extracts of cyanobacteria Spirulina samples after using the reversed-phase octadecylsilyl ODS cartridge for subsequent analysis by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The reversed-phase ODS cartridge/silica gel combination were effective and the optimal wash and elution conditions were: H2O (wash), 20% methanol in water (wash), and 90% methanol in water (elution) for the reversed-phase ODS cartridge, followed by 80% methanol in water elution in the silica gel cartridge. The presence of microcystins in 36 kinds of cyanobacteria Spirulina health food samples obtained from various retail outlets in China were detected by LC-MS/MS, and 34 samples (94%) contained microcystins ranging from 2 to 163 ng g(-1) (mean=1427 ng g(-1)), which were significantly lower than microcystins present in blue green alga products previously reported. MC-RR-which contains two molecules of arginine (R)-(in 94.4% samples) was the predominant microcystin, followed by MC-LR-where L is leucine-(30.6%) and MC-YR-where Y is tyrose-(27.8%). The possible potential health risks from chronic exposure to microcystins from contaminated cyanobacteria Spirulina health food should not be ignored, even if the toxin concentrations were low. The method presented herein is proposed to detect microcystins present in commercial cyanobacteria Spirulina samples.

Effects and numerical analysis of argon gas flow on the oxygen concentration in Czochralski silicon single crystal growth

Argon gas, as a protective environment and carrier of latent heat, has an important effect on the temperature distribution in crystals and melts. Numeric simulation is a potent tool for solving engineering problems. In this paper, the relationship between argon gas flow and oxygen concentration in silicon crystals was studied systematically. A flowing stream of argon gas is described by numeric simulation for the first time. Therefore, the results of experiments can be explained, and the optimum argon flow with the lowest oxygen concentration can be achieved. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

INVESTIGATION OF NEGATIVE TRANSIENT CURRENT OF ARGON-IMPLANTED GAAS USING PHOTOINDUCED TRANSIENT-CURRENT SPECTROSCOPY

The investigation of deep levels of argon-implanted LEC-grown semi-insulating GaAs with implantation dosages ranging from 1 x 10(11) to 1 x 10(15) cm-2 has been performed. Using a photoinduced transient-current spectroscopy (PITCS) it was demonstrated that, for implantation dosages below 1 X 10(13) cm-2, a negative peak or negative transient current (NTC) was observed in the temperature range from 330 to 350 K. The magnitude of this negative peak increased with dosage up to a level of 1 X 10(12) cm-2, beyond which it decreased with dosage. The dosage dependence of the EL3 peak height and the resistance of the specimen have also been investigated. It was observed that the variation of the EL3 peak height with dosage was similar to the variation of the magnitude of the negative peak, that is the EL3 peak height likewise increased with dosage up to 1 X 10(12) cm-2, and then decreased. The resistance of the original high-resistivity specimen dropped abruptly when the dosage reached 1 X 10(12) cm-2. This critical dosage (1 X 10(12) cm-2) was found to be a threshold for the generation of a highly disordered state.