Baderna estrangeira ou urgência nacional? Embates parlamentares sobre o sobre o movimento operário nos Anais da Câmara dos Deputados (1917-1919)

O período de 1917 a 1919 foi marcado por intensa atividade reivindicatória no Brasil e no mundo, insuflada pelo clima de instabilidade global e pelo exemplo da Revolução Bolchevique. No Brasil, tal quadro repetia-se, tendo sido esse um momento de intensificação da mobilização operária, marcada por inúmeras greves que irromperam no cenário de vários centros urbanos brasileiros. Atentas a essa conjuntura, as elites políticas brasileiros não tardaram a se posicionar sobre ela. Os discursos parlamentares produzidos na Câmara dos Deputados sobre o movimento operário foram aqui objeto de análise, a fim de se determinar quais as posições presentes naquela casa legislativa sobre o tema. Duas posturas contrapostas foram identificadas: uma, majoritária, legitimadora das políticas repressivas implementadas pelos governos estaduais e federais ao movimento, calcada em uma visão em que o movimento operário era apresentado como elemento de desordem comandado por estrangeiros perniciosos; outra, minoritária, que defendia um olhar atento, por parte da instância política, sobre as reivindicações sociais, bandeiras centrais da mobilização operária. Esse embate de ideias, que se desdobrava da questão específica do operariado para outras esferas da sociedade brasileira, não foi resolvido pelo convencimento ou consenso. O olhar condenatório, produtor de um discurso que se utilizava de maneira recorrente da lógica argumentativa presente no mito político da conspiração, acaba por servir de legitimação às ações de força impostas ao movimento pelos governantes.

An approach to the assessment of the finfish fisheries of the Caribbean Community

This paper briefly outlines the implications of making a decision on the most appropriate alternative for carrying out stock assessments and the reasons for previous failures to conserve finfish stocks for sustainable use. The Mathews (1987) approach utilizing Age-Length Catch-Effort Keys (ALCEK) is briefly reviewed, and a suggested overall approach for the assessment of the finfish resources of the Caribbean community is outlined. With recent initiatives towards use of the precautionary approach and reference points, Carribean community countries are advised to revisit the question of the models to be utilized for the assessment of their fish stocks, paying due attention to the quantity, quality and applicability of data now being collected.

Domus regis: a Casa Real portuguesa no Rio de Janeiro (1808-1821)

Instituição fundamental à monarquia lusitana, a Casa Real portuguesa abrangia, em seu espaço, centenas de criados, homens e mulheres das mais diversas origens. Com a transferência da Corte para o Rio de Janeiro, em 1808, o príncipe regente d. João reestruturou o seu universo doméstico, estabelecendo aqui, e à semelhança de Portugal, todos os departamentos imperativos à correta execução das tarefas cotidianas da sua Casa: cavalariça, cozinha, serviço de copa, câmara, aquisição de gêneros alimentícios, etc. Esta tese tem como objeto a conformação da Casa Real portuguesa no Rio de Janeiro, entre os anos de 1808 e 1821. Serão analisados aqui a estrutura organizacional da Casa Real; os conflitos suscitados entre os recém-emigrados agentes do espaço doméstico régio e os súditos fluminenses; os mecanismos de remuneração peculiares ao universo doméstico joanino; as formas de acesso à Casa Real; e, finalmente, a estrutura financeira da Casa Real portuguesa. Num quadro mais amplo, procurou-se relacionar a Casa do Rei aos outros poderes instituídos na cidade, agora Corte, do Rio de Janeiro, de forma a demonstrar que o espaço doméstico da monarquia era, também, uma instituição relevante na montagem da administração joanina na América e, conseqüentemente, na transformação de um espaço historicamente colonial em centro do império português.

Erro de medicação: a visão do enfermeiro neonatologista

O manejo da terapia medicamentosa em unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal é complexo e agrega inúmeras drogas. Nesse sentido, manter a atenção ao preparar e administrar corretamente os medicamentos é fundamental em todo o período de assistência ao recém-nascido. Portanto, faz-se necessário que os enfermeiros tenham o entendimento acerca do conceito do erro com medicação, para que possa identificá-lo, bem como os fatores contribuintes para sua ocorrência. Diante do exposto, esta pesquisa teve como objetivos: analisar o entendimento dos enfermeiros neonatologistas sobre o conceito do erro de medicação em uma unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal; conhecer na visão destes enfermeiros quais os fatores contribuintes para a ocorrência desse erro e discutir a partir desta visão como estes fatores podem afetar a segurança do neonato. Metodologia: trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, do tipo descritiva. O cenário do estudo foi uma unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal de um hospital universitário, situado no município do Rio de Janeiro. Os sujeitos foram 14 enfermeiros entre plantonistas e residentes que atuavam no manejo da terapia medicamentosa. Para a coleta dos dados utilizou-se a entrevista semiestruturada, que foram analisadas através da análise de conteúdo de Bardin, emergindo 04 categorias: Diversos conceitos sobre erros de medicação; Fatores humanos contribuintes ao erro de medicação; Fatores ambientais contribuintes ao erro de medicação e Conhecendo como os fatores contribuintes ao erro podem afetar a segurança do paciente. Para as enfermeiras o erro de medicação significa errar um dos cinco certos na administração de medicamentos (paciente, dose, via, horário e medicamento certo), e este pode acontecer em alguma parte do sistema de medicação. Neste sentido, elas entendem que uma pessoa não pode ser considerada a única responsável pela ocorrência de um erro medicamentoso. Quanto aos fatores contribuintes ao erro de medicação elencaram aqueles relacionados à prescrição medicamentosa (letra ilegível, prescrição da dose e via incorretas), ao próprio profissional de enfermagem (como sobrecarga de trabalho, número reduzido de profissionais e os múltiplos vínculos empregatícios) e ao ambiente de trabalho (ambiente inadequado e estressante; conversas paralelas com os colegas e os ruídos no setor). Na visão das enfermeiras, os fatores contribuintes ao erro podem afetar a segurança do recém-nascido, levando às situações de danos a sua saúde, podendo trazer consequências clínicas e risco de óbito. O estudo aponta a necessidade de se buscar sistemas de medicação mais confiáveis e seguros. Neste sentido, é imprescindível desenvolver e implementar programas de educação centrados nos princípios gerais da segurança do paciente. Além disso, é de suma importância que as políticas públicas de saúde, direcionem ações para o aprimoramento de medidas na segurança do RN, do sistema de medicação e da cultura de segurança.

Letter and Recollections of Alexander Agassiz: The 1891 Albatross Expedition

Presented here is another in the list of historic accounts of iconic research cruises of the USFC Steamer Albatross, this a reminiscence of the renowned scientist Alexander Agassiz edited by his son G. R. Agassiz, a chapter from the volume “Letters and Recollections of Alexander Agassiz,” published in 1913. Agassiz made three major cruises in the Albatross in 1891, 1899–1900, and 1904–05, adding greatly to the world’s store of specimens and knowledge of thalasography, his favored term for oceangraphy, and specifically of the Pacific Ocean. Having made important cruises and studies with the Blake in the Caribbean, he sought to do comparable research in the Pacific. His opportunity came in 1890, and with the consent of President Benjamin Harrison, he took charge of this Albatross research cruise, paying much of the expense himself. In contrast with the other ships he had been on, he found the laboratories, equipment, and furnishings to be comparatively luxurious and extremely well appointed for his work. Further, the Albatross was then captained by Lieutenant Commander Zera Luther Tanner who seemed to take as much interest in the oceanographic research as did the scientists, and Agassiz appreciated working with him, too. Little of the original text has been altered, and readers are cautioned that some of the views expressed may reflect unfortunate prejudices of that era toward individuals, nationalities, etc.

Regulamentação e criminalização das drogas: a Comissão Nacional de Fiscalização de Entorpecentes e a internalização do proibicionismo no Brasil (1936-1946)

Este trabalho problematiza um tipo específico de racionalidade que emergiu nos fins do século XIX e avançou no século XX, implicando na constituição de uma política mundial destinada à regulamentação de determinadas substâncias psicoativas. Tais práticas foram possíveis em virtude de uma produção discursiva cujos enunciados médico-sanitários reivindicavam a intervenção dos Estados Nacionais em assegurar a saúde coletiva. No caso do uso de psicoativos, tais discursos fizeram emergir uma série de tratados internacionais, leis nacionais, normas e regulações que modificaram o comércio e os hábitos de consumo de tais substâncias, criminalizando qualquer uso que não estivesse de acordo com a legislação vigente. O recorte que esta dissertação procura fazer tem por foco analisar como esse processo se deu no Brasil, mais especificamente a partir da criação da Comissão Nacional de Fiscalização de Entorpecentes CNFE, organização esta de caráter governamental, que após sua criação passou a centralizar as políticas sociais sobre drogas no país. A CNFE foi constituída por meio do Decreto-Lei n 780em 28 de abril de 1936, vinculada ao Ministério das Relações Exteriores em conjunto com o Departamento Nacional de Saúde, através do Serviço de Fiscalização do Exercício Profissional. Neste caso, utilizando a documentação encontrada no Arquivo Histórico do Itamaraty, na Biblioteca de Saúde Pública da Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Centro de Pesquisa e Documentação da Fundação Getúlio Vargas, dentre outras. Procurei delimitar esta pesquisa nos primeiros dez anos de atuação da Comissão, isto é, entre 1936 e 1946, para tanto, utilizo como instrumento de análise teórico-metodológico duas noções que serviram às reflexões do pensador francês Michel Foucault; biopolítica e governamentalidade. Desta forma, procuro acionar tais noções para localizar as estratégias de poder que culminaram na governamentalização do Estado voltadas para a gestão da vida das populações, tendo como pano de fundo os interditos das políticas sociais sobre drogas.

Cama de gato: um ensaio a partir de Malhas da liberdade, de Cildo Meireles

A partir da análise das diversas versões de Malhas da Liberdade (1976-2008), obra de Cildo Meireles, o ensaio Cama de gato traça um percurso rizomático por entre as transformações e inflexões das estratégias políticas e de alteridade da produção do artista e, de modo mais amplo, de parte da recente arte brasileira. Atravessando aspectos como a história da arte, a subjetividade, a economia e a história, o ensaio faz uma leitura sobre as metaformoses dos modos de participação ativados e propostos pela prática artística, atentando para suas implicações políticas e ideológicas. Por entre a cama de gato de ideias e interpretações do ensaio estão, ainda, reflexões sobre a historiografia da arte brasileira e seu processo de internacionalização, além de uma preocupação com a relação entre arte, participação, alteridade, topologia, espaço social e democracia

Species management in aquatic Habitats WRc Nov 1993

This is the Species management in aquatic Habitats WRc Nov 1993 produced by the National Rivers Authority (NRA) in 1993. This report identified key rare and nuisance species of interest to the NRA and prioritised research needs to develop conservation strategies for these species. The NRA has in the past adopted a habitat maintenance and protection approach to conservation paying less attention at individual species. There is a risk that conservation based on a habitat management policy will no further the conservation of certain species. In addition, certain ‘nuisance’ species cause problems for conservation by having a negative impact on more valued species or ecosystems. Through the combination of the review of current legislation and literature and consultation with NRA staff, this project identified key rare and nuisance species of interest to the NRA and prioritised research needs to develop conservation strategies for these species.

Intensive biological survey of the Glaze Brook catchment. Supplementary report on the water quality as indicated by macrophytes. August 1981

This is the Intensive biological survey of the Glaze Brook catchment: Supplementary report on the water quality as indicated by macrophytes produced by the North West Water Authority in 1981. This report describes the results of the macrophyte survey including data on their distribution and the prevailing water quality (nutrient status and toxic metal contamination) It supplements the initial report,TS-BS-81-3, which described the macroinvertebrate survey. The aim of this project is to describe the distribution of macrophytes within the river, paying attention to areas where weed growth may directly affect water quality or amenity usage, and describe the distribution of toxic metals. In the survey 16 sites of 500 m lengths of river were analysed, noting the relative abundance and percentage cover of the macrophytes present, plant score and Community Description Class (C.D.C.) were computed.

Earthquakes, influenza and cycles of Indian kala-azar.

It is suggested that previous data indicate 3 major epidemics of kala-azar in Assam between 1875 and 1950, with inter-epidemic periods of 30-45 and 20 years. This deviates from the popular view of regular cycles with a 10-20 year period. A deterministic mathematical model of kala-azar is used to find the simplest explanation for the timing of the 3 epidemics, paying particular attention to the role of extrinsic (drugs, natural disasters, other infectious diseases) versus intrinsic (host and vector dynamics, birth and death rates, immunity) processes in provoking the second. We conclude that, whilst widespread influenza in 1918-1919 may have magnified the second epidemic, intrinsic population processes provide the simplest explanation for its timing and synchrony throughout Assam. The model also shows that the second inter-epidemic period is expected to be shorter than the first, even in the absence of extrinsic agents, and highlights the importance of a small fraction of patients becoming chronically infectious (with post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis) after treatment during an epidemic.

Development of off-shore and deep-sea fishing in Sri Lanka

Since 1950 onwards, a practice has grown in Sri Lanka of dividing the marine fisheries into three different classes depending on the location of the resource to be exploited viz. coastal fishing, off-shore fishing and deep-sea fishing. The author describes commercial fishing activities, paying attention to changes emerged and future prospectives.

Winter counter-wind currents off the southeastern China coast: A review

This review covers the discovery and studies of the year-round northeastward currents off the southeastern China coast, paying special attention to its upwind characteristic in winter, mainly focusing on work by Chinese oceanographers. This current system is a prominent and unique phenomenon in the shelf circulation of the world ocean. The general features of the current system are summarized. The evidence for the existence and the variation of the three parts of the currents-the South China Sea Warm Current, the Taiwan Strait Warm Current and the Taiwan Warm Current-are separately elucidated. The formation mechanisms of the current as a whole are explained using dynamic analysis and numerical simulation results. Some suggestions for further studies are also made.

复杂碎屑岩储层动、静态参数计算理论与方法研究

Reservoir characterization and reservoir modeling are two key techniques in petroleum exploration and development. They all are based on the reliable static and dynamic properties of the reservoirs, especially the static and dynamic properties of the reservoirs at each borehole. Without the static and dynamic properties of the reservoir, reservoir characterization and reservoir modeling will pass into nothingness. In fact, the static and dynamic properties of the reservoir are needed in every domain and stage of petroleum exploration & development Today, petroleum industry has reached a stage worldwide that most of the simple & large massive reservoirs have been well explored and developed. As a result, oil companies are paying more and more attention to the exploration & development of the complex & middle to small clastic reservoirs (such as low resistivity sandstone reservoirs, low or no resistivity contrast sandstone reservoirs, conglomerate reservoirs, volcanoclastic reservoirs). In the recent years, oil companies inside and outside China are focusing on the exploration and development elastic reservoirs. Most of the theories & methods being applicable for simple clastic reservoirs can not be used in complex clasic reservoirs. Some theories & methods that are not resolved in the case of simple clasic reservoirs become more impossible to be resolved in the case of complex elastic reservoirs. A set of theories & methods being applicable for computing the static and dynamic properties of the complex elastic reservoirs are developed in this paper and they have been put into practice successfully. These theories & methods are developed by integrating multi-subjects such as geology, well logging and reservoir engineering, in which geology is used as direction and modern well logging technology is used as basis and reservoir engineering is used as assistance and computer technology is used as tool. There are three outstanding breakthroughs in this paper: of the low porosity fractured and/or vuggy carbonate/igneous reservoirs too. A set of practical theories and methods of computing the static properties (such as porosity, saturation, lithology and fluid type) & dynamic properties (such as permeability and production rate) of simple clastic reservoirs have been developed with the hard efforts of many petroleum engineers and scientists in the past 70 years. However, only some of the theories & methods being applicable for simple clastic reservoirs can be used in complex clastic reservoirs after little modification because of the complexity of the complex clastic reservoirs. Most of the theories & methods being applicable for simple clastic reservoirs can not be used in complex clasic reservoirs. Some theories & methods that are not resolved in the case of simple clasic reservoirs become more impossible to be resolved in the case of complex clastic reservoirs. A set of theories & methods being applicable for computing the static and dynamic properties of the complex clastic reservoirs are developed in this paper and they have been put into practice successfully. These theories & methods are developed by integrating multi-subjects such as geology, well logging and reservoir engineering, in which geology is used as direction and modern well logging technology is used as basis and reservoir engineering is used as assistance and computer technology is used as tool. There are three outstanding breakthroughs in this paper:

松辽盆地南部岩性油藏成藏模式与分布规律

According to the basic geologic conditions, the paper is directed by the modem oil-gas accumulation theory and petroleum system in which typical oil pools are analyzed and the shape of lithologic trap and geologic factors are pointed out. The process during which oil and gas migrate from source rock to lithologic trap is rebuilt, and the accumulation model of oil pool is set up. With the comprehensive application of seismic geologic and log data and paying attention to the method and technology which is used to distinguish lithologic accumulation. Promising structural-lithofacies zones are got and the distribution rule of various lithologic accumulation is concluded. With making use of the biologic mark compound, different reservoirs are compared. As a result, the oil and gas in HeiDimiao come from Nenjiang Group's source rocks; in SaErTu from QingShenkou Group's and Nenjiang Group's, and in PuTaohua. GaoTaizi and FuYang from QingShankou Group's. According to the development and distribution of effective source rock, oil distribution and the comparison in the south of SongLiao basin, the characteristic of basin structure and reservoir distribution is considered, and then the middle-upper reservoir of SongLiao basin south are divided into two petroleum system and a complex petroleum system. Because of the characteristic of migration and accumulation, two petroleum systems can furtherly be divided into 6-7 sub-petroleum systems,20 sub-petroleum systems in all. As a result of the difference of the migration characteristic, accumulation conditions and the place in the petroleum system, the accumulation degree and accumulation model are different. So three accumulation mechanism and six basic accumulation model of lithologic trap are concluded. The distribution of lithologic pools is highly regular oil and gas around the generation sag distribute on favorable structural-lithofacies zones, the type of lithological pool vary regularly from the core of sandstone block to the upper zone. On the basic of regional structure and sedimentary evolution, main factors which control the form of trap are discovered, and it is the critical factor method which is used to discern the lithologic trap. After lots of exploration, 700km~2 potential trap is distinguished and 18391.86 * 10~4 tons geologic reserves is calculated. Oil-water distribution rule of pinch-out oil pool is put up on plane which is the reservoirs can be divided into four sections. This paper presented the law of distribution of oil and water in updip pinch-out reservoir, that is, hydrocarbon-bearing formation in plane can be divided into four zones: bottom edge water zone, underside oil and water zone, middle pure oil zone and above residual water zone. The site of the first well should be assigned to be middle or above pure oil zone, thus the exploration value of this type of reservoir can be recognized correctly. In accordance with the characteristics of seism and geology of low permeability thin sandstone and mudstone alternation layer, the paper applied a set of reservoir prediction technology, that is: (1)seism multi-parameter model identification; (2) using stratum's absorbing and depleting information to predict reservoir's abnormal hydrocarbon-bearing range. With the analysis of the residual resource potential and the research of two petroleum system and the accumulation model, promising objective zones are predicted scientifically. And main exploration aim is the DaRngZi bore in the west of ChangLin basin, and YingTai-SiFangZi middle-upper assembly in Honggang terrace.

宽频带地震数据采集系统的研制

The seismic data acquisition system is the most important equipment for seismic prospecting. The geophysicists have been paying high attention to the specification of the equipment used in seismic prospecting. Its specification and performance are of great concerned to acquire precisely and accurately seismic data, which show us stratum frame. But, by this time, limited by the technology, most of the Broad-band Seismic Recorder (BSR) for lithosphere research of our country were bought from fremdness which were very costliness and maintained discommodiously. So it is very important to study the seismic data acquisition system.The subject of the thesis is the research of the BSR, several items were included, such as: seismic data digitizer and its condition monitor design.In the first chapter, the author explained the significance of the implement of BSR, expatiated the requirement to the device and introduced the actuality of the BSR in our country.In the second chapter, the collectivity architecture of the BSR system was illustrated. Whereafter, the collectivity target and guideline of the performance of the system design were introduced. The difficulty of the system design and some key technology were analyzed, such as the Electro Magnetic Compatibility (EMC), system reliability technology and so on.In the third chapter, some design details of BSR were introduced. In the recorder, the former analog to digital converter (ADC) was separated from the later data transition module. According to the characteristic of seismic data acquisition system, a set high-resolution 24-bit ADC chip was chosen to the recorder design scheme. As the following part, the noise performance of the seismic data channel was analyzed.In the fourth chapter, the embedded software design of each board and the software design of the workstation were introduced. At the same time the communication protocol of the each module was recommendedAt the last part of this thesis, the advantages and the practicability of the BSR system design were summarized, and the next development items were suggested.