Shopping malls and neoliberal trends in Southern European cities: Post-metropolitan challenges for urban planning policy

Whilst shopping malls have been explored at length by critical urban studies, there has been little exploration of their role in restructuring the practice of urban and spatial planning. This article uses the shopping mall as an object of study in the light of the neoliberal trends and post-metropolisation in Southern Europe, with the aim of exploring challenges for urban governance and planning practice and with a focus on the role of the ongoing economic crisis. A threefold exploratory framework – the ‘lost-in-time scenario’, the ‘messianic mall model’ and the ‘(im)mature planning explanation’ – is used to make sense of the local versions of shopping mall development in Lisbon (Portugal) and Palermo (Southern Italy). According to findings, we highlight the clash between the multi-scalar nature of shopping malls and the dominance of the municipal scale in regulatory planning frameworks, and the risk that shopping mall development (at least in Southern Europe) may replicate uneven development patterns, reproducing the pre-conditions of the crisis without helping to overcome it.

Christian. Aug. Hausenii ... Novi profectus in historia electricitatis, post obitum auctoris, praematuro fato nuper exstincti ... ; Accessit V. C. Henrici de Sanden ... Dissertatio de succino, eletricorum principe, quam edidit et de vita B. Hausenii praefatus est Io. Christoph. Gottsched ...

Mode of access: Internet.

Codex Ephraemi Syri rescriptus sive fragmenta utriusque Testamenti e codice Graeco Parisiensi celeberrimo quinti ut videtur post Christum seculi /

Each vol. has special t.p.; v. 2, Novi Testamenti, dated 1843.

Enumeratio plantarum Horti regii berolinensis. post mortem autores editum.

Pref. in German, signed v. Schlechtendal.

Apotelesma; hoc est, Corpvs perfectvm scholiorvm ad Institutiones Istinianeas pertinentium. Post adiectvm ex postrema recognitione Arnoldi de Reyger ... passim ius nouissimum ... Accesservnt hvic postremae, recens avctae, emendatae & ab omni offensiuâ doctrinâ vindicatae editioni ... remissiones plurimae ad ipsius Mynsingeri, nec non Andreae Gaillii obseruationes ...

Mode of access: Internet.

An exceptionally rich complex of Sanguinicolidae von Graff, 1907 (Platyhelminthes : Trematoda) from Siganidae, Labridae and Mullidae (Teleostei : Perciformes) from the Indo-West Pacific Region

We describe an unprecedented radiation of sanguinicolid blood flukes ( Digenea: Sanguinicolidae) from two species of Labridae (Choerodon venustus and C. cauteroma), seven species of Mullidae (Mulloidichthys vanicolensis, Parupeneus barberinoides, P. barberinus, P. bifasciatus, P. cyclostomus, P. indicus and P. multifasciatus) and ten species of Siganidae (Siganus argenteus, S. corallinus, S. doliatus, S. fuscescens, S. lineatus, S. margaritiferus, S. puellus, S. punctatus, S. virgatus and S. vulpinus) from sites off Australia and Palau. The flukes were morphologically similar in having the combination of a long thread-like body, tegumental spines in lateral transverse rows, a vestigial oral sucker bearing concentric rows of fine spines, an H-shaped intestine, a cirrussac, a notch level with the male genital pore, a lateral or post-ovarian uterus, a uterine chamber and separate genital pores. These species are divided into two genera on the basis of testis number. Sanguinicolids from Siganus fuscescens have a single large testis between the intestinal bifurcation and the ovary and are placed in Ankistromeces Nolan & Cribb, 2004. Species from the remaining nine species of Siganidae, Labridae and Mullidae are placed in Phthinomita n. g.; these species have two testes, the anterior testis being large and between the intestinal bifurcation and the ovary whereas the small posterior testis is at the posterior end of the body and appears rudimentary or degenerate and probably non-functional. The second internal transcribed spacer (ITS2) of ribosomal DNA ( rDNA) from 29 host/parasite/location combinations (h/p/l) was sequenced together with that of Ankistromeces mariae Nolan & Cribb, 2004 for comparison. From 135 samples we found 19 distinct genotypes which were interpreted as representing at least that many species. Replicate sequences were obtained for 25 of 30 h/p/l combinations ( including A. mariae); there was no intraspecific variation between replicates sequences for any of these. Interspecific variation ranged from 1 - 41 base differences (0.3 - 12.7% sequence divergence). The 19 putative species were difficult to recognise by morphological examination. We describe 13 new species; we do not describe (= name) six species characterised solely by molecular sequences and three putative species for which morphological data is available but for which molecular data is not. We have neither morphological nor molecular data for sanguinicolids harboured in five hosts species ( Siganus margaritiferus, S. puellus, Choerodon cauteroma, Parupeneus indicus and P. multifasciatus) in which we have seen infections. Where host species were infected in different localities they almost always harboured distinct species. Some host species ( for example, S. argenteus and S. lineatus from Lizard Island) harboured two or three species in a single geographical location. This suggests that, for parts of this system, parasite speciation has outstripped host speciation. Distance analysis of ITS2 showed species from each host family ( Siganidae, Mullidae and Labridae) did not form monophyletic clades to the exclusion of species from other host families. However, a host defined clade was formed by the sequences from sanguinicolids from S. fuscescens.

Fossil associations from the middle and upper Eocene strata of the Pamplona Basin and surrounding areas (Navarre, western Pyrenees)

Fossil associations from the middle and upper Eocene (Bartonian and Priabonian) sedimentary succession of the Pamplona Basin are described. This succession was accumulated in the western part of the South Pyrenean peripheral foreland basin and extends from deep-marine turbiditic (Ezkaba Sandstone Formation) to deltaic (Pamplona Marl, Ardanatz Sandstone and Ilundain Marl formations) and marginal marine deposits (Gendulain Formation). The micropalaeontological content is high. It is dominated by foraminifera, and common ostracods and other microfossils are also present. The fossil ichnoasssemblages include at least 23 ichnogenera and 28 ichnospecies indicative of Nereites, Cruziana, Glossifungites and ?Scoyenia-Mermia ichnofacies. Body macrofossils of 78 taxa corresponding to macroforaminifera, sponges, corals, bryozoans, brachiopods, annelids, molluscs, arthropods, echinoderms and vertebrates have been identified. Both the number of ichnotaxa and of species (e. g. bryozoans, molluscs and condrichthyans) may be considerably higher. Body fossil assemblages are comparable to those from the Eocene of the Nord Pyrenean area (Basque Coast), and also to those from the Eocene of the west-central and eastern part of South Pyrenean area (Aragon and Catalonia). At the European scale, the molluscs assemblages seem endemic from the Pyrenean area, although several Tethyan (Italy and Alps) and Northern elements (Paris basin and Normandy) have been recorded. Palaeontological data of studied sedimentary units fit well with the shallowing process that throughout the middle and late Eocene occurs in the area, according to the sedimentological and stratigraphical data.

Systematic review of Late Jurassic sauropods from the Museu Geológico collections (Lisboa, Portugal)

The Museu Geológico collections house some of the first sauropod references of the Lusitanian Basin Upper Jurassic record, including the Lourinhasaurus alenquerensis and Lusotitan atalaiensis lectotypes, previously considered as new species of the Apatosaurus and Brachiosaurus genera, respectively. Several fragmentary specimens have been classical referred to those taxa, but the most part of these systematic attributions are not supported herein, excluding a caudal vertebra from Maceira (MG 8804) considered as cf. Lusotitan atalaiensis. From the material housed in the Museu Geológico were identified basal eusauropods (indeterminate eusauropods and turiasaurs) and neosauropods (indeterminate neosauropods, diplodods and camarasaurids and basal titanosauriforms). Middle caudal vertebrae with lateral fossae, ventral hollow border by pronounced ventrolateral crests and quadrangular cross-section suggest for the presence of diplodocine diplodocids in north area of the Lusitanian Basin Central Sector during the Late Jurassic. A humerus collected from Praia dos Frades (MG 4976) is attributed to cf. Duriatitan humerocristatus suggesting the presence of shared sauropod forms between the Portugal and United Kingdom during the Late Jurassic. Duriatitan is an indeterminate member of Eusauropoda and the discovery of new material in both territories is necessary to confirm this systematic approach. The studied material is in according with the previous recorded paleobiodiversity for the sauropod clade during the Portuguese Late Jurassic, which includes basal eusauropods (including turiasaurs), diplodocids and macronarians (including camarasaurids and basal titanosauriforms).

Memory Bias for Anxiety Prior to Academic Achievement Situations: Influences of Time, Mood, Personality and Post-Event-Processing

The current thesis examines memory bias for state anxiety prior to academic achievement situations like writing an exam and giving a speech. The thesis relies on the reconstruction principle, which assumes that memories for past emotions are reconstructed rather than stored permanently and accurately. This makes them prone to memory bias, which is af-fected by several influencing factors. A major aim is to include four important influencing factors simultaneously. Early research on mood and emotional autobiographical memory found evidence for the existence of a propositional associative network (Bower, 1981; Col-lins & Loftus, 1975), leading to mood congruent recall. But empirical findings gave also strong evidence for the existence of mood incongruent recall for one’s own emotions, which was for example linked to mood regulation via mood repair (e.g. Clark & Isen, 1982), which seems to be associated to the personality traits extraversion and neuroticism (Lischetzke & Eid, 2006; Ng & Diener, 2009). Moreover, neuroticism and trait anxiety are related to rumination, which is seen as negative post-event-processing (e.g. Wells & Clark, 1997). Overall, the elapsed time since the emotional event happened should have an impact on recall of emotions. Following the affect infusion model by Robinson and Clore (2002a), the influence of personality on memory bias should increase over time. Therefore, three longitudinal studies were realized, using naturally occurring as well as laboratory settings. The used paradigm was equivalent in all studies. Subjects were asked about their actual state anxiety prior to an academic achievement situation. Directly after the situation, cur-rent mood and recall of former anxiety were assessed. The same procedure was repeated a few weeks later. Personality traits and post-event-processing were also assessed. The results suggest a need to have a differentiated view on predicting memory bias. Study 1 (N = 131) as well as study 3 (N = 53) found evidence for mood incongruent memory in the sense of mood repair and downward regulation as a function of personality. Rumination was found to cause stable overestimation of pre-event anxiety in study 2 (N = 141) as well as in study 3. Although the relevance of the influencing factors changed over time, an increasing relevance of personality could not consistently be observed. The tremendously different effects of the laboratory study 2 indicated that such settings are not appropriate to study current issues. Theoretical and psychotherapeutically relevant conclusions are drawn and several limitations are discussed.

Early post-fledgling survival in a fragmented population of a tropical cooperative breeding passerine

During the last years tropical forest has been a target of intense study especially due to its recent big scale destruction. Although a lot still needs to be explored, we start realizing how negative can the impact of our actions be for the ecosystem. Subsequently, the living community have been developing strategies to overcome this problem avoiding bottlenecks or even extinctions. Cooperative breeding (CB) has been recently pointed out as one of those strategies. CB is a breeding system where more than two individuals raise one brood. In most of the cases, extra individuals are offspring that delay their dispersal and independent breeding what allows them to help their parents raising their siblings in the subsequent breeding season. Such behavior is believed to be due, per example, to the lack of mates or breeding territories (ecological constraints hypothesis), a consequence of habitat fragmentation and/or disturbance. From this point, CB is easily promoted by a higher reproductive success of group vs pairs or single individuals. Accordingly, during this thesis I explore the early post-fledging survival of a cooperative breeding passerine, namely the impact of individual/habitat quality in its survival probability during the dependence period of the chicks. Our study species is the Cabanis’s greenbul (Phyllastrephus cabanisi), a medium-sized, brownish passerine, classified within the Pycnonotidae family. It is found over part of Central Africa in countries such as Angola, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Mozambique and Kenya, inhabiting primary and secondary forests, as well as woodland of various types up to 2700m of altitude. Previous studies have concluded that PC is a facultative cooperative breeder. This study was conducted in Taita Hills (TH) at the Eastern Arc Mountains (EAM), a chain of mountains running from Southeast Kenya to the South of Tanzania. TH comprises an area of 430 ha and has been suffering intense deforestation reflecting 98% forest reduction over the last 200 years. Nowadays its forest is divided in fragments and our study was based in 5of those fragments. We access the post-fledging survival through radio-telemetry. The juvenile survey was done through the breeding females in which transmitters were placed with a leg-loop technique. Ptilochronology is consider to be the study of feather growth bars and has been used to study the nutritional state of a bird. This technique considers that the feather growth rate is positively proportional to the individual capability of ingesting food and to the food availability. This technique is therefore used to infer for individual/habitat quality. Survival was lowest during the first 5 days post-fledging representing 53.3%. During the next 15 days, risk of predation decreased with only 14.3% more deceased individuals. This represents a total of only 33% survived individuals in the end of the 50 days. Our results showed yet a significant positive relationship between flock size and post-fledging survival as well as between ptilochronology values and post-fledgling survival. In practice, these imply that on this population, as bigger the flock, as greater the post fledging survival and that good habitat quality or good BF quality, will lead to a higher juvenile survival rate. We believe that CB is therefore an adaptive behaviour to the lack of mates/breeding territory originated from the mass forest destruction and disturbance. Such results confirms the critical importance of habitat quality in the post-fledging survival and, for the first time, demonstrates how flock size influences the living probability of the juveniles and therefore how it impacts the (local) population dynamics of this species. In my opinion, future research should be focus in disentangle individual and habitat quality from each other and verify which relationship exist between them. Such study will allow us to understand which factor has a stronger influence in the post-fledging survival and therefore redirect our studies in that direction. In order to confirm the negative impact of human disturbance and forest fragmentation, it would be of major relevance to compare the reproductive strategies and reproductive success of populations living in intact forests and disturbed patches.

"Warum darf die mit Laptop spielen und wir nicht?". Eine Fallanalyse zur beruflichen Initiation und Kooperation von Lehramtsstudierenden im Schulpraktikum

Mit den Reformen der Lehrerbildung war seit Anfang des 21. Jahrhunderts die Umsetzung eines stärkeren Berufsfeldbezugs im Lehramtsstudium verbunden. Niederschlag fand dies u.a. in einer Ausweitung von Schulpraktika in den Studiengängen in Deutschland. Erste Erfahrungen in der praktischen schulpädagogischen Arbeit sollten dabei möglich werden und an der Hochschule erworbenes wissenschaftliches Wissen und Können einen ersten reflexiven Anwendungsbezug erhalten. [...] In explorativer Absicht wird vor diesem Hintergrund im Folgenden eine Protokollsequenz untersucht, in der eine Lehrerin, eine Praktikantin und Schüler in einer Unterrichtsstunde interagieren. Bestimmend für die Auswahl war die Tatsache, dass hier die Praktikantin an der Disziplinierung der Schüler beteiligt wird - was nach langjähriger Erfahrung des Autors nicht selten vorkommt. (DIPF/Orig.)

Salud mental en reclusos: un análisis pre-post intervención psicosocial con grupo control de comparación

La literatura científica advierte de la elevada presencia de trastornos mentales en el medio penitenciario. Por ello, en este trabajo nos planteamos evaluar la salud psicosocial y la autorregulación de reclusos en relación a un grupo control de participantes no reclusos; adicionalmente tratamos de conocer la incidencia de la variable tiempo de reclusión y analizar el efecto intragrupo pre-post entrenamiento en habilidades sociales y comunicativas. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 20 varones, 10 reclusos (cinco con más de un año de condena y cinco con menos) y 10 participantes sin antecedentes delictivos, a los que se les administró el cuestionario de salud GHQ-28 y la escala de autorregulación MAPA. Se aplicó la prueba no paramétrica Mann-Whitney (U) para el cálculo de probabilidades y el test de Cramer (V) como indicador del tamaño de efecto. Los resultados indicaron que la reclusión no implicó necesariamente peor salud y autorregulación, que el tiempo de condena no ejerció excesiva influencia sobre estas dos dimensiones y que el taller de habilidades sociales no pareció, según el análisis pre-postest, haber producido efectos sobre la salud y la autorregulación de los reclusos. Finalmente, se discuten algunas reflexiones generales así como nuevas propuestas para mejorar actuaciones futuras.

Papel del ESAD en el tratamiento del dolor: análisis pre-post intervención en un entorno rural

Objetivos: Determinar la frecuencia de uso de analgésicos en pacientes terminales atendidos en domicilio, analizando factores que pudieran intervenir en la percepción del dolor, además de las actuaciones llevadas a cabo. Material y métodos: Estudio analítico prospectivo e intervencional con pacientes derivados al Equipo de Soporte para Atención Domiciliaria (ESAD) de Barbastro. Variables estudiadas: edad, sexo, número de visitas, tiempo de seguimiento, presencia de dolor y de otros síntomas concomitantes, Escala Visual Analógica (EVA), diagnóstico, analgésicos previos y post-intervención, dosis media previa de analgésicos y post-intervención. Estudio estadístico con SPSS 15.0. Resultados: n = 638, 53,9 % hombres (n = 344), edad media 79,64 ± 10,8 años, 56 % oncológicos (n = 357), seguimiento medio 56 ± 56,56 días, media de 2,68 ± 2,5 visitas por proceso. Dolor en primera visita 43,3 % (n = 276), EVA media 6,54 ± 1,87, dolor 47,1 % de hombres (n = 162) y 38,8 % de mujeres (n = 114) (p < 0,05), dolor en 56,6 % de oncológicos (n = 202) y en 26,3 % de crónico-dependientes (n = 74) (p < 0,001). No diferencias en EVA entre grupos. Entre analgésicos pautados en pacientes con dolor controlado y sin controlar previa intervención del ESAD encontramos diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p < 0,005) en morfina y tramadol, y con mayor significación (p < 0,001) en fentanilo transdérmico y transmucosa, paracetamol, metamizol y AINE, todos más frecuentes en dolor no controlado. Las dosis medias previas de todos estos fármacos no mostraron diferencias significativas entre los grupos, aunque eran mayores en el grupo de dolor no controlado. En estos, se pautan o modifican analgésicos, encontrándose diferencias estadísticamente significativas pre-post intervención (p < 0,001) en fentanilo transdérmico y transmucosa, tramadol, paracetamol, metamizol, AINE, pregabalina y con p < 0,05 en gabapentina. Se obtiene diferencias (p < 0,05) únicamente en las dosis posteriores a la actuación del ESAD en fentanilo transdérmico y codeína. Obtenemos correlaciones positivas entre dolor y anorexia, ansiedad, depresión e insomnio; en pacientes oncológicos entre dolor y ansiedad e insomnio, y en pacientes crónico-dependientes entre dolor, náuseas y depresión. No diferencias entre grupos en uso previo de benzodiacepinas, antidepresivos y otros tratamientos, aunque sí en clínica de depresión, ansiedad e insomnio. Tras intervención, diferencias significativas en uso de estos tratamientos y de sedación. Conclusiones: Tras la actuación del ESAD se puede apreciar el aumento progresivo de todas las medicaciones analgésicas; se debería realizar una valoración completa de la sintomatología del paciente y un tratamiento de síntomas multifactorial, además de interrogar al paciente de forma adecuada acerca de la presencia de síntomas asociados, dada la elevada correlación de los mismos.

CO2 capture by adsorption in post combustion processes

Global concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere is increasing rapidly. CO2 emissions have huge impact on global climate change. Therefore, efficient CO2 emission abatement strategies such as Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) are required to combat this phenomenon. There are three major approaches for CCS: - Post-combustion capture; - Pre-combustion capture; - Oxyfuel process. Post-combustion capture offers some advantages in terms of cost as existing combustion technologies can still be used without radical changes on them. This makes post-combustion capture easier to implement as a retrofit option compared to the other two approaches. Therefore, post-combustion capture is probably the first technology that will be deployed on a large scale. The aim of this work is to study the adsorption equilibrium of CO2, CH4 and N2 in zeolite 5A at 40ºC. For this, experiments were performed to determine the isotherms of adsorption of CO2, CH4 and N2 near 40ºC with the conditions of the post-combustion capture processes. It has been found that the 5A zeolite adsorbs a significant quantity of CO2 values of about 5 mol/kg at a pressure of 5 bar.

Sistema de recirculação e rotina de manejo para larvicultura de camarões de água doce Macrobrachium rosenbergii em pequena escala

A recirculating system and a matching management schedule for small-scale freshwater prawn larviculture were described. The system comprised a 140 L larval culture tank in line with a 43 L biofilter filled with 24 L of calcareous substrate. Both the tank and biofilter were made of black colored fiberglass in a conical-cylindrical shape. The turnover rate of the water through the system was 24 times a day; water was pumped by airlift. Results of ten larvicultures showed that the system maintained temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, salinity, ammonium and nitrite stable and suitable to Macrobrachium rosenbergii larvae. Survival and productivity varied from 60.5 to 72.4% and 37 to 72 post-larvae/L, respectively; both were compatible with results of commercial hatcheries. Therefore, this system may be very useful for research purposes or adapted for small-scale post-larvae production.