Le point de vue des intervenants travaillant avec les jeunes contrevenants sur le recours à la médiation dans les cas de crimes graves

Tant dans la littérature criminologique que dans la pratique, il semble y avoir un intérêt grandissant pour les pratiques de justice réparatrice, dont la médiation, comme mesures de rechange à la justice traditionnelle pour faire face à la criminalité, notamment dans les cas de crimes graves. À ce jour, au Québec et au Canada, il n’y a pas de programmes de justice réparatrice offerts aux jeunes contrevenants ayant commis un délit grave, où le jeune pourrait entreprendre un processus de médiation avec la victime. La présente étude porte donc sur les jeunes contrevenants ayant commis un crime grave et sur l’intérêt d’entreprendre une démarche de médiation dans ces cas. Plus précisément, les objectifs de notre étude étaient de déterminer s’il y avait des conditions ou des contre-indications à la médiation dans les cas de crimes graves commis par des jeunes contrevenants. Nous avions aussi comme objectif d’identifier les bienfaits et les limites de la médiation dans les cas de crimes graves tels que perçus par les interviewés rencontrés. Enfin, puisque des médiateurs et des délégués à la jeunesse ont été rencontrés pour l’étude, nous cherchions à déterminer si des différences pouvaient être observées entre ces deux groupes. Nous avons rencontré huit médiateurs et quatre délégués à la jeunesse dans le but de connaître leur point de vue sur le recours à la médiation dans les cas de crimes graves, principalement pour une clientèle de jeunes contrevenants. L’analyse de ces entrevues nous a permis de relever certaines conditions et contre-indications liées à la médiation dans ces cas. Or, malgré la présence de contre-indications, une préparation accrue des victimes et des jeunes contrevenants permettrait tout de même le recours à la médiation dans presque toutes les situations. Dans l’application de la médiation, il s’avère toutefois important d’adapter la démarche aux besoins des parties.

Qu'importe : une faute au texte ; suivi de Mécanismes et dialogisme photographique dans Crimes passionnels et Darlinghurst Heroes d'André Martin

Toutes les photographies présentes à l'intérieur de ce mémoire ont été prises par l'auteur de ce dernier.

Discours des plaignantes/victimes : distinction et caractérisation entre les fausses et les vraies allégations de crimes violents

Rapport de stage présenté à la Faculté des arts et des sciences en vue de l’obtention du grade de Maîtrise en criminologie option analyse

Estado del arte acerca de las discusiones teóricas sobre soberanía del estado y la unión monetaria europea entre 2002 - 2010. Caso: El Reino Unido

El siguiente trabajo tiene como objetivo el Estado del arte acerca de la discusión teórica de la repercusión de la unión monetaria en el principio de soberanía nacional, específicamente el caso de Gran Bretaña, ya que éste es el único país que expresa abiertamente su incertidumbre referente a algún tipo de amenaza a su soberanía. Se pretende precisar si existen criterios concluyentes, o por el contrario determinar si no hay claridad con respecto al futuro de Gran Bretaña como miembro de la unión monetaria.A partir de lo anterior, se plantean como sus propósitos particulares construir un marco conceptual acerca de la soberanía. Este estado del arte se inicia con citas de los principales autores de finales de siglo XVII y XVIII y finaliza con las posiciones conceptuales aportadas por los teóricos modernos motivados por el nacimiento de la Unión Europea como un nuevo orden político. Entre las que se citan: modelo centrico o intergubernamentalista, modelo de gobernabilidad multi-nivel, modelo neo-funcionalista y modelo federalista. Igualmente, el trabajo, busca desarrollar un marco conceptual sobre Unión Monetaria y su evolución hasta el logro de una unión fiscal europea en el periodo de 1950-2010, establecer las relaciones teóricas entre Soberanía del Estado y Unión Monetaria y por último realizar un análisis histórico hermenéutico de la Unión Europea y el caso del Reino Unido de acuerdo a las relaciones evidenciadas en los apartados teóricos entre soberanía del Estado y Unión Monetaria.

Towards an understanding of “crimes againsthumanity” since Nuremberg

This article makes an historical analysis of the manner in which crimes againsthumanity have acquired an independent status from crimes of war and aggressionever since the concept was first introduced in discussions between the Allies duringthe establishment of the International Military Tribunal at Nuremberg. It describes themanner in which the concept has evolved and been discussed in several internationalbodies, and how it was finally included in the Rome Statute of the International CriminalCourt. The article shows how the Nuremberg trials have a fundamental legaland historical meaning in that they institutionalized individual responsibility for anew category of crimes before an international tribunal. It also shows how after theNuremberg trials, crimes against humanity have been gradually withdrawn fromthe competency of government sovereignty to become a matter for the internationalcommunity of nations.

Bergsmo, Morten (ed.). Thematic prosecution of international sex crimes. Beijing: Torkel Opsahl Academic Epublisher; 2012, 452 p.

Reseña del libro

Reflections about Complicity and its Application in some Socio Economics Crimes

In Colombia, the definitions of crimes are found in the special part of the Criminal Code. They are set out as though the only way of to commit them was by being the author of the punishable conduct there described. Nevertheless, in the general part of the Criminal Code, we find other forms of criminal responsibility for the conduct described in the special part. Complicity is one of those ways. Although complicity is established in the Criminal Code, it does not appear as a criminal definition and, as such it is ignored or, worse, applied incorrectly. For those reasons, this article tries to reflect upon the validity of complicity. Accordingly, this article analyzes: what is complicity, what is the difference between complicity and co-authorship and how would complicity work in some practical cases related to socio-economic crimes, in which it has being overlooked or, has been used incorrectly. The article concludes that complicity is still valid, and that the correct application of complicity materializes the ideal of justice.

A juridical-practical framework for the investigation of crimes against granting of public housing services

The public service enterprises are victims of crimes and felonies which may reduce their capacity to perform their functions. These enterprises expend much money and effort in order to prevent those criminal behaviors. For this reason they ask from the authorities more efficient measures against crime; however, such enterprises may feel that they are not being given sufficient importance and/or remedies in dealing with such crime. The aim paper of this is not to study the problem from de substantive criminal law point of view. Rather, this paper’s goal is to study the Colombia’s Rules of Criminal Procedure, which regulate the investigation of this kind of crime. The article will look particularly at the competency of the relevant authorities at the investigative stages. Finally, it will make some recommendations regarding a proper route towards the investigation of these criminal behaviors.

The role of the International Criminal Court in preventing atrocity crimes through timely intervention

Documento acerca de la Intervención Humanitaria de la Doctrina ex post facto y Instituciones Judiciales a la noción de responsabilidad de protección y Preventiva del papel de la Corte Penal Internacional. Lección inaugural como Presidente en Derecho Penal Internacional y Procedimiento Penal Internacional en la Universidad de Utrecht , emitida el 18 de octubre 2010

Educação como política social de prevenção ao cometimento de crimes dolosos contra a vida e reincidência criminal

Esta dissertação teve como diretriz principal percecionar até que ponto a educação se torna eficaz como política pública capaz de ajudar a enfrentar a criminalidade. Tal enfrentamento ocorre por dois vieses distintos; O primeiro tem caráter mais preventivo, de modo que a educação tem sua atuação voltada à prevenção da criminalidade; enquanto o segundo viés consiste em prevenir a reincidência criminal com a aplicação de políticas educativas a apenados. Neste trabalho de investigação realizou-se uma breve revisão bibliográfica, abrangendo alguns autores teóricos que enfatizaram como se dá o processo de aquisição e desenvolvimento do conhecimento no indivíduo, dentre os quais constam: Descartes, Rousseau, Kant, além de Piaget e Vygotsky. A pesquisa consistiu em levantamento nos processos julgados pela comarca de João Pessoa do Tribunal do Júri no ano de 2011, a fim de verificar o grau de escolaridade dos réus, bem como no Estabelecimento Prisional, com vistas a levantamentos sobre a reincidência criminal. Os resultados da pesquisa demonstraram que é latente a eficácia da educação como política pública de combate a criminalidade. Foi apurada também, a enorme economia financeira que produziria uma maior concentração de investimentos educativos em detrimento de investimentos em segurança pública.

Biologically motivated model for object detection and identification in real-world scenes

The classical computer vision methods can only weakly emulate some of the multi-level parallelisms in signal processing and information sharing that takes place in different parts of the primates’ visual system thus enabling it to accomplish many diverse functions of visual perception. One of the main functions of the primates’ vision is to detect and recognise objects in natural scenes despite all the linear and non-linear variations of the objects and their environment. The superior performance of the primates’ visual system compared to what machine vision systems have been able to achieve to date, motivates scientists and researchers to further explore this area in pursuit of more efficient vision systems inspired by natural models. In this paper building blocks for a hierarchical efficient object recognition model are proposed. Incorporating the attention-based processing would lead to a system that will process the visual data in a non-linear way focusing only on the regions of interest and hence reducing the time to achieve real-time performance. Further, it is suggested to modify the visual cortex model for recognizing objects by adding non-linearities in the ventral path consistent with earlier discoveries as reported by researchers in the neuro-physiology of vision.

Crocodile crimes: people versus wildlife and the politics of postcolonial conservation on Lake Kariba, Zimbabwe

This article is about the politics of conservation in postcolonial Southern Africa. It focuses on the process and consequences of redefining the Nile crocodile as an endangered species and explores the linked local and international, commercial and conservationist interests that allowed the animal to re-establish itself in state-protected waterways in colonial and postcolonial contexts. It investigates the effects of the animal's successful re-accommodation by examining conflicts between crocodiles and the fishing communities sharing space on Lake Kariba, Zimbabwe. Fishermen's hostile representations of the animal emphasize competition for fish, harassment, fear, loss of assets and loss of life. Their fear of crocodiles is heightened by the animal's entanglement in local social life, through its association with witchcraft. The article emphasizes the importance of considering both hegemonic and marginalized ideas about animals in the light of the material interactions, relations of power and historical contexts that shape them. Understanding the attitudes and circumstances of the local communities who bear the physical and economic costs of living with dangerous animals is important-it threatens the future of conservation programmes and reveals the potential for significant abuses to accompany the conservation of wildlife in postcolonial contexts. © 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Diagnosis of variability and trends in a global precipitation dataset using a physically motivated statistical model

A physically motivated statistical model is used to diagnose variability and trends in wintertime ( October - March) Global Precipitation Climatology Project (GPCP) pentad (5-day mean) precipitation. Quasi-geostrophic theory suggests that extratropical precipitation amounts should depend multiplicatively on the pressure gradient, saturation specific humidity, and the meridional temperature gradient. This physical insight has been used to guide the development of a suitable statistical model for precipitation using a mixture of generalized linear models: a logistic model for the binary occurrence of precipitation and a Gamma distribution model for the wet day precipitation amount. The statistical model allows for the investigation of the role of each factor in determining variations and long-term trends. Saturation specific humidity q(s) has a generally negative effect on global precipitation occurrence and with the tropical wet pentad precipitation amount, but has a positive relationship with the pentad precipitation amount at mid- and high latitudes. The North Atlantic Oscillation, a proxy for the meridional temperature gradient, is also found to have a statistically significant positive effect on precipitation over much of the Atlantic region. Residual time trends in wet pentad precipitation are extremely sensitive to the choice of the wet pentad threshold because of increasing trends in low-amplitude precipitation pentads; too low a choice of threshold can lead to a spurious decreasing trend in wet pentad precipitation amounts. However, for not too small thresholds, it is found that the meridional temperature gradient is an important factor for explaining part of the long-term trend in Atlantic precipitation.