Surface miscibility of EPC/DOTAP/DOPE in binary and ternary mixed monolayers

Surface pressure (pi)-molecular area (A) curves were used to characterize the packing of pseudo-ternary mixed Langmuir monolayers of egg phosphatidylcholine (EPC), 1,2-dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium propane (DOTAP) and L-alpha-dioleoyl phosphatidylethanolamine (DOPE). This pseudo-ternary mixture EPC/DOPE/DOTAP has been successfully employed in liposome formulations designed for DNA non-viral vectors. Pseudo-binary mixtures were also studied as a control. Miscibility behavior was inferred from pi-A curves applying the additivity rule by calculating the excess free energy of mixture (Delta G(Exc)). The interaction between the lipids was also deduced from the surface compressional modulus (C(s)(-1)). The deviation from ideality shows dependence on the lipid polar head type and monolayer composition. For lower DOPE concentrations, the forces are predominantly attractive. However, if the monolayer is DOPE rich, the DOTAP presence disturbs the PE-PE intermolecular interaction and the net interaction is then repulsive. The ternary monolayer EPC/DOPE/DOTAP presented itself in two configurations, modulated by the DOPE content, in a similar behavior to the DOPE/DOTAP monolayers. These results contribute to the understanding of the lipid interactions and packing in self-assembled systems associated with the in vitro and in vivo stability of liposomes. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

The synergy between structural stability and DNA-binding controls the antibody production in EPC/DOTAP/DOPE liposomes and DOTAP/DOPE lipoplexes

We present a comparative study of the physico-chemical properties, in vitro cytotoxicity and in vivo antibody production of surface-complexed DNA in EPC/DOTAP/DOPE (50/25/25% molar) liposomes and DOTAP/DOPE (50/50% molar) lipoplexes. The study aims to correlate the biological behavior and structural properties of the lipid carriers. We used DNA-hsp65, whose naked action as a gene vaccine against tuberculosis has already been demonstrated. Additionally, surface-complexed DNA-hsp65 in EPC/DOTAP/DOPE (50/25/25% molar) liposomes was effective as a single-dose tuberculosis vaccine. The results obtained showed that the EPC inclusion stabilized the DOTAP/DOPE structure, producing higher melting temperature and lower zeta potential despite a close mean hydrodynamic diameter. Resemblances in morphologies were identified in both structures, although a higher fraction of loaded DNA was not electrostatically bound in EPC/DOTAP/DOPE. EPC also induced a striking reduction in cytotoxicity, similar to naked DNA-hsp65. The proper immune response lead to a polarized antibody production of the IgG2a isotype, even for the cytotoxic DOTAP/DOPE. However, the antibody production was detected at 15 and 30 days for DOTAP/DOPE and EPC/DOTAP/DOPE, respectively. Therefore, the in vivo antibody production neither correlates with the in vitro cytotoxicity, nor with the structural stability alone. The synergistic effect of the structural stability and DNA electrostatic binding upon the surface of structures account for the immunological effects. By adjusting the composition to generate proper packing and cationic lipid/DNA interaction, we allow for the optimization of liposome formulations for required immunization or gene therapy. In a specific manner, our results contribute to studies on the tuberculosis therapy and vaccination. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Implementação integrada de SPC e EPC na melhoria contínua do processo

Dissertação apresentada na faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Industrial

EPC-projektin hallinta ja johtaminen

Tämän diplomityön tavoitteena oli tutkia erään projektiliiketoimintaa harjoittavan yrityksen toimintajärjestelmää. Työn lähtökohtana oli yrityksen toimittamien projektien laajuuden nopea kasvu lähivuosien aikana. Työssä tutkittiin yrityksen nykyistä toimintajärjestelmää ja sen ohjeistusta nimen omaan EPC (engineering procurement construction) projekteissa. Toimintajärjestelmän ohjeistusta tutkittiin yrityksessä tehdyillä henkilöhaastatteluilla sekä vertaamalla olemassa olevia ohjeita ja kuvauksia projektin hallinnan ja johtamisen teorioihin. Teoriat, joihin yrityksen toimintajärjestelmää työssä verrattiin olivat Project Management Institute:n, Project Management Body of Knowledge ja International standard ISO 10006, Quality Management guidelines to quality in project management. Työn teoriaosassa käsiteltiin projektin hallintaa ja johtamista, projektin eri vaiheita, projektin organisointia ja ositusta sekä projektikulttuuria. Työn tuloksena luotiin käsitys siitä, mitä osaprosesseja EPC-projektin hallintaan ja johtamiseen kohdeyrityksessä liittyy. Prosesseja tutkimalla muodostettiin käsitys yrityksen toimintajärjestelmän ohjeistuksen tasosta ja esitettiin tältä pohjalta mahdollisuuksia toimintajärjestelmän kehittämiseksi. Yhtenä työn keskeisimmistä tuloksista esitettiin EPC-projektin projektikuvaus.

Developing construction site operations for EPC power plant projects

The purpose of this thesis is to find development areas for site operations in power plant construction projects delivered by Wärtsilä. The inspected operations are subcontractor management, site material management and work scheduling. The contractor's role in EPC project is to respond for engineering, procurement, and construction supervision. Geographical and cultural differences brings challenges for finding development areas as Wärtsilä delivers projects world-wide. Searching for development area is mainly made with survey, which answers were collected from the target company's site personnel. Based on the results, with good planning and preparation various problems would be avoided. An external view for the thesis was collected by an expert interview, which was held to three expe-rienced construction operating executives. Interviewees believed that with the se-lection of right site personnel and clearly defined areas of responsibility will great-ly affect the outcome of the project. Some of the theory has been collected from areas, which have helped to under-stand the inspected operations on site. Improving competence knowledge has been important due to the broad scope of work and the author’s inexperience of the topic. Also generally effective practices from construction projects has been col-lected to the theory part. Functionality of general practices have been reflected together with the results of empirically collected data for Wärtsilä's projects. As a result, a model was generated where development proposals and the benefits from new procedures were presented.

La distancia entre aprender palabras y aprehender conceptos : el entramado de palabras-concepto (EPC) como un nuevo instrumento para la investigación.

Resumen tomado de la revista

Enseñar historia desde las competencias para la comprensión : el EpC de la Universidad de Harvard.

El artículo forma parte de un monográfico de la revista dedicado a la educación por competencias

Does energy efficiency matter to home-buyers? An investigation of EPC ratings and transaction prices in England

This paper investigates whether energy performance ratings, as measured by mandatory Energy Performance Certificates (EPCs), are reflected in the sale prices of residential properties. This is the first large-scale empirical study of this topic in England involving 333,095 dwellings sold at least twice in the period from 1995 to 2012. Applying hedonic regression and an augmented repeat sales regression, we find a positive relationship between the energy efficiency rating of a dwelling and the transaction price per square metre. The price effects of superior energy performance tend to be higher for terraced dwellings and flats compared to detached and semi-detached dwellings. The evidence is less clear-cut for rates of house price growth but remains supportive of a positive association. Overall, the results of this study suggest that energy efficiency labels have a measurable and significant impact on house prices in England

Plataforma empresas pelo clima : simulação de sistema de comércio de emissões SCE EPC : relatório analítico março a agosto de 2015 (versão sintética)

Com objetivo de promover ao setor empresarial brasileiro a oportunidade de experimentar um instrumento econômico para precificação de carbono, o Centro de Estudos em Sustentabilidade da Fundação Getulio Vargas (GVces) promove desde 2013, no âmbito de sua iniciativa empresarial EPC (Plataforma Empresas pelo Clima), uma simulação de sistema de comércio de emissões- SCE EPC. Em 2015, ocorre o segundo ciclo operacional desta iniciativa que conta, atualmente, com a participação de 23 empresas de diversos setores da economia brasileira: produção florestal, papel e celulose; serviços; elétrico; logística; indústria de transformação; construção civil; extrativista; e água, esgoto e gestão de resíduos. As empresas operam neste ciclo com o objetivo final de conciliar suas emissões do ano vigente (2015) com títulos transacionados no SCE, em especial, a permissão de emissão, cada um equivalente a 1 tonelada de CO2 equivalente (tCO2e). Este relatório tem como objetivo apresentar os números e resultados dos seis meses iniciais (março a agosto) de operação do SCE EPC 2015, bem como analisar as estratégias e performances adotadas pelas empresas participantes. Além disso, apresenta um estudo sobre cap relativo. Cap é o limite de emissões de gases de efeito estufa (GEE) estipulado para o grupo de empresas que compõem a abrangência de um sistema de comércio de emissões do tipo cap and trade, sendo este limite convertido no volume de títulos que são inseridos no mercado para negociação. O cap pode ser relativo, o qual estabelece a intensidade carbônica a uma taxa pré-determinada com base nas emissões de GEE por alguma unidade econômica (como por exemplo, o PIB ou produção física), ou absoluto, representando o limite de emissões totais buscado para o conjunto de fontes contemplado pelo sistema.

Plataforma empresas pelo clima : simulação de Sistema de Comércio de Emissões SCE EPC - relatório final : março a novembro de 2014

O Centro de Estudos em Sustentabilidade (GVces), da Escola de Administração da Fundação Getulio Vargas (EAESP/FGV), no âmbito de sua iniciativa empresarial Plataforma Empresas pelo Clima (EPC), promove desde 2013 uma simulação de Sistema de Comércio de Emissões (SCE EPC). O objetivo desta iniciativa é oferecer ao setor empresarial brasileiro a oportunidade de experimentar um instrumento de mercado para precificação de carbono e capacitá-lo a contribuir ao debate sobre este tema no Brasil e internacionalmente. Este relatório traz os desafios, resultados, análises e um balanço do 1º ciclo operacional do SCE EPC, realizado de março a novembro de 2014.

EPC

Empresas pelo clima