Dalla teoria alla pratica: La traduzione specializzata a servizio del mondo dell'imballaggio flessibile

Meine Masterarbeit mit dem Haupttitel „Von der Theorie zur Praxis“ entsteht aus einer in der letzten Zeit von mir angestellten Überlegung, dass die Theorien, die man im Laufe der Universitätsjahre fleißig studiert, erst dann den richtigen Wert gewinnen, wenn sie eine konkrete Anwendung finden und in der Praxis bestätigt werden. Diese Überlegung basiert auf meiner eigenen Erfahrung, und zwar auf meiner fünfjährigen Arbeit als Export Customer Service-Angestellte in einer Firma, die parallel zur Universität lief. Dank dieser Arbeit konnten meine fremdsprachlichen und interkulturellen Kenntnisse, so wie die bisher entwickelten Kompetenzen in Fachübersetzung auf eine bestimmte branchenspezifische Realität gerichtet werden: die komplexe, aber sehr interessante Welt der flexiblen Verpackung. Die Arbeit eines Customer Service ist nicht vergleichbar mit der einer Übersetzerin. Es geht da nicht ausschließlich darum, "der" Sprachbezugspunkt der Firma zu sein und als Vermittler zwischen den Bedürfnissen der meist ausländischen Kunden und den Zielen des Unternehmens zu fungieren. Unter den zahlreichen Funktionen eines CS spielt die Fachübersetzung eine große Rolle: Es werden täglich unendlich viele Kommunikationshandlungen durchgeführt, die zum Teil ziemlich leicht, zum Teil allerdings auch kompliziert sind. Um solche Fachtexte anzugehen, sind die Kultur- und Sprachkenntnisse nicht ausreichend. Das Wichtigste ist vielmehr die Kenntnis der Branche, die praktische Erfahrung, die nur in der Firma im Zusammenhang mit den Produktionsanlagen und in Kontakt mit den vielen Firmenexperten erworben werden kann. Nur auf dieser Weise werden Übersetzungen hochwertig und können als zuverlässiges Mittel für eine Firma und ihren Bereich dienen. Die Arbeit besteht aus vier Hauptteilen: Im 1. geht es um die Beschreibung der Firma und der Verpackungsbranche, im 2. um die Figur des Customer Service im Hinblick auf die Fachübersetzung und die von ihm öfter bearbeiteten Fachtexte, im 3. um den Fachtext der „Spezifikation“ und im 4. um die Fachübersetzung einer konkreten Spezifikation aus dem Italienischen ins Deutsche.

Riflessioni analitiche e traduzione di "Femmes d'Afrique: Bâtisseuses d'avenir". Ritratti di donne d'Africa.

L'oggetto del presente lavoro è la traduzione dal francese in italiano di “Femmes d'Afrique: bâtisseuses d'avenir”, una raccolta di “racconti di vita” di donne dell'Africa subsahariana. Sono proprio le donne le protagoniste del nostro studio: raccontano i soprusi, le violenze o le ingiustizie che hanno subito. Sono donne di successo che lottano affinché anche altre donne africane possano diventarlo. Prima di arrivare alla traduzione, si è compiuto un percorso riflessivo sul testo di partenza che porterà alla luce le condizioni di vita delle donne africane e permetterà la costruzione del Thesaurus delle donne d'Africa. Nel primo capitolo, verrà approfondito il tema principale del nostro lavoro: la condizione di vita delle donne dell’Africa subsahariana. In primo luogo, delineeremo il quadro generale della situazione attuale; in secondo luogo, ci occuperemo dei diritti fondamentali dell’uomo che vengono negati alle donne tramite la pratica di antiche usanze discriminatorie e lesive, quali le mutilazioni genitali femminili o la concessione in sposa delle bambine a uomini molto più grandi di loro. Nel secondo capitolo vengono presentate la storia e le missioni di alcune delle associazioni che lottano affinché le donne d’Africa vedano riconosciuti i propri diritti. Nel terzo capitolo, ci si focalizzerà sull’analisi dei racconti di vita. Partendo dalla definizione del genere testuale, analizzeremo la sezione “droits des femmes” scelta dal libro in esame e, infine, creeremo il Thesaurus delle donne d'Africa. Nel quarto capitolo, si delineerà un quadro generale della storia della traduzione e introdurremo gli studi di teoria della traduzione spiegando tre tipi di approcci alla materia. Infine, proporremo la traduzione e il commento di due lettere di presentazione e della sezione “droits des femmes”. Nelle conclusioni si ripercorrerà lo studio svolto cercando di metterne in evidenza i punti salienti. Infine, in appendice troveremo il testo di partenza della traduzione.

Proposta di traduzione commentata di un articolo scientifico sulla sperimentazione animale: risorse, metodi e terminologia.

The aim of this dissertation is to provide a translation from English into Italian of a highly specialized scientific article published by the online journal ALTEX. In this text, the authors propose a roadmap for how to overcome the acknowledged scientific gaps for the full replacement of systemic toxicity testing using animals. The main reasons behind this particular choice are my personal interest in specialized translation of scientific texts and in the alternatives to animal testing. Moreover, this translation has been directly requested by the Italian molecular biologist and clinical biochemist Candida Nastrucci. It was not possible to translate the whole article in this project, for this reason, I decided to translate only the introduction, the chapter about skin sensitization, and the conclusion. I intend to use the resources that were created for this project to translate the rest of the article in the near future. In this study, I will show how a translator can translate such a specialized text with the help of a field expert using CAT Tools and a specialized corpus. I will also discuss whether machine translation can prove useful to translate this type of document. This work is divided into six chapters. The first one introduces the main topic of the article and explains my reasons for choosing this text; the second one contains an analysis of the text type, focusing on the differences and similarities between Italian and English conventions. The third chapter provides a description of the resources that were used to translate this text, i.e. the corpus and the CAT Tools. The fourth one contains the actual translation, side-by-side with the original text, while the fifth one provides a general comment on the translation difficulties, an analysis of my translation choices and strategies, and a comment about the relationship between the field expert and the translator. Finally, the last chapter shows whether machine translation and post-editing can be an advantageous strategy to translate this type of document. The project also contains two appendixes. The first one includes 54 complex terminological sheets, while the second one includes 188 simple terminological sheets.

Le collocazioni in traduzione e interpretazione tra italiano e francese: Uno studio su eptic_01_2011

This dissertation aims at investigating differences in phraseological patterns in translated and interpreted language, on the basis of the intermodal corpus EPTIC_01_2011 and focusing on Italian and French. First of all, an overview is offered of the main studies and theories about corpus linguistics and collocations: the notion of corpus is defined and a typology (focusing on intermodal corpora) is presented, before moving on to the linguistic phenomenon of collocation and its investigation through corpus linguistics methods. Second, the general structure of EPTIC_01_2011 is presented, including the ways in which its texts have been assembled, edited through ad hoc conventions and enriched with metadata. The methodology proposed by Durrant and Schmitt (2009), slightly edited to fit the present study, has been used to extract and compare noun+adjective/adjective+noun bigrams from a quantitative point of view. A subset of these data have then been extracted and analysed manually. The results of the study are presented through graphs and examples, with an in-depth discussion of the bigrams considered. Lastly, the data collected are analysed and categorised in terms of shifts occurring in translation and in interpreting, potential causes are discussed and ideas for further research and for the development of the EPTIC corpus are sketched.

Le collocazioni in traduzione e interpretazione tra italiano e inglese: Uno studio su eptic_01_2011

The aim of this dissertation is to investigate the differences in the phraseological patterns used by Italian and English translators and interpreters through the intermodal corpus EPTIC_01_2011. First, the most important studies and theories about corpus linguistics and collocations are introduced. After defining the notion of “corpus”, the different types of corpora are categorised, giving particular attention to the intermodal one. Then the dissertation focuses on a description of collocations, as defined by the main linguistics scholars, and it describes some attempts to apply corpus linguistics to the study of collocations. Secondly, EPTIC_01_2011 is presented, with a description of its structure and of the text editing process carried out applying specific editing conventions and adding a set of metadata before each text. The analysis of collocation candidate bigrams (adjective+noun/noun+adjective) from a quantitative point of view, was conducted applying a methodology adapted from Durrant and Schmitt (2009). Qualitative analysis was also performed on a subsection of the data. The results of the study are presented through examples and graphs, giving particular attention to the interpretation of the data analysed from a qualitative perspective. Finally, results are summarised and categorised, and suggestions are made concerning the diverging choices made in translation and interpreting. The final section concentrates on further studies that could be carried out in the future, as well as on suggestions for corpus enlargement.

Traduzione tecnica e internazionalizzazione d'impresa: Il caso di Technologica S.r.l.

This dissertation is part of the Language Toolkit project which is a collaboration between the School of Foreign Languages and Literature, Interpreting and Translation of the University of Bologna, Forlì campus, and the Chamber of Commerce of Forlì-Cesena. This project aims to create an exchange between translation students and companies who want to pursue a process of internationalization. The purpose of this dissertation is demonstrating the benefits that translation systems can bring to businesses. In particular, it consists of the translation into English of documents supplied by the Italian company Technologica S.r.l. and the creation of linguistic resources that can be integrated into computer-assisted translation (CAT) software, in order to optimize the translation process. The latter is claimed to be a priority with respect to the actual translation products (the target texts), since the analysis conducted on the source texts highlighted that the company could streamline and optimize its English language communication thanks to the use of open source CAT tools such as OmegaT. The work consists of five chapters. The first introduces the Language Toolkit project, the company (Technologica S.r.l ) and its products. The second chapter provides some considerations about technical translation, its features and some misconceptions about it. The difference between technical translation and scientific translation is then clarified and an overview is offered of translation aids such as those used for computer-assisted translation, machine translation, termbases and translation memories. The third chapter contains the analysis of the texts commissioned by Technologica S.r.l. and their categorization. The fourth chapter describes the translation process, with particular attention to terminology extraction and the creation of a bilingual glossary based on a specialized corpus. The glossary was integrated into the OmegaT software in order to facilitate the translation process both for the present task and for future applications. The memory deriving from the translation represents a sort of hybrid resource between a translation memory and a glossary. This was found to be the most appropriate format, given the specific nature of the texts to be translated. Finally, in chapter five conclusions are offered about the importance of language training within a company environment, the potentialities of translation aids and the benefits that they would bring to a company wishing to internationalize itself.

Comment (ne pas) devenir Parisien - Le guide ultime du parfait autochtone de la capitale: proposta di traduzione

L’objet de ce mémoire de maîtrise est la traduction du français en italien du guide humoristique Comment (ne pas) devenir Parisien – Le guide ultime du parfait autochtone de la capitale, écrit par la journaliste Caroline Rochet et publié en 2012 par Leduc.s Éditions. Ce mémoire a pour but de relier les aspects pratiques de la traduction avec ses principes théoriques et représente une piste de réflexion sur la nature complexe et fascinante de la traduction considérée comme médiation culturelle. Ce mémoire se compose de cinq chapitres : après une introduction illustrant la structure et les buts du mémoire, le premier chapitre présente l’œuvre originale, sa maison d’édition et l’auteur du guide. Le deuxième chapitre est dédié à l’analyse du texte : au genre textuel et à la typologie textuelle de l’œuvre, à son style, au profil socio-professionnel de la langue de l’auteur et au bagage de connaissances du destinataire. Le troisième chapitre expose le parcours d’approfondissement théorique suivi pour arriver au choix de la stratégie traductive convenable, c’est-à-dire la valorisation de la composante exotique. Le quatrième chapitre est consacré à la traduction du texte. Le dernier chapitre est constitué par deux sections : un commentaire sur les principaux aspects problématiques rencontrés pendant la traduction et sur les tactiques adoptées pour les résoudre (information invariante, information modifiée, information ajoutée et contenu éliminé) ; un commentaire dédié à la phase de rédaction d’un texte qui respecte le genre, le style et le fil conducteur du guide, c’est-à-dire l’ironie, ainsi que la formule d’interlocution la plus adapte à ce texte en langue italienne. Ces cinq chapitres sont suivis par une conclusion qui résume les différentes phases rencontrées pendant la traduction et est accompagnée par une réflexion sur la médiation interlinguistique considérée comme art d’écrire, liberté mais prise de responsabilité aussi.

Sicurezza stradale: Proposta di traduzione di un estratto del research report "The Nature of Errors Made by Drivers"

The aim of this dissertation is to provide a translation from English into Italian of an extract from the research report “The Nature of Errors Made by Drivers”. The research was conducted by the MUARC (the Monash University Accident Research Centre) and published in June 2011 by Austroads, the association of Australasian road transport and traffic agencies. The excerpt chosen for translation is the third chapter, which provides an overview of the on-road pilot study conducted to analyse why drivers make mistakes during their everyday drive, including the methodology employed and the results obtained. This work is divided into six sections. It opens with an introduction on the topic and the formal structure of the report, followed by the first chapter, which provides an overview of the main features of the languages for special purposes and the specialised texts, an analysis of the text type and a presentation of the extract chosen for translation. In the second chapter the linguistic and extralinguistic resources available to specialised translators are presented, focussing on the ones used to translate the text. The third chapter is dedicated to the source text and its translation, while the fourth one provides an analysis of the strategies chosen to translate the text and a comment on the solutions to problematic passages. Finally, the last section – the conclusion – provides a comment on the entire work and on the professional activity of translators. The work closes with an appendix, which contains a glossary of the terms extracted from the translated text.

"Lisboa Misteriosa" di Marina Tavares Dias: una nuova prospettiva turistica sulla città di Lisbona; proposta di traduzione.

Questa tesi è incentrata sulla traduzione del libro portoghese Lisboa Misteriosa di Marina Taveres Dias e su come questo libro possa essere analizzato sotto una prospettiva turistica. Il libro è basato sulla capitale del Portogallo, Lisbona, e il suo scopo principale è narrare fatti storici e culturali riguardo la città, dove la realtà si perde nella leggenda. La tesi vuole mostrare come un simile libro storico-culturale può essere un valido strumento nella prospettiva turistica. Il primo capitolo fornisce una presentazione generale del libro, descrivendo i temi, lo stile, l’uso delle immagini all’interno del testo e una breve biografia dell’autrice. Il secondo capitolo presenta i principali aspetti della sociologia del turismo, che serviranno per meglio inquadrare le considerazioni successive. Segue una breve analisi di tra guide turistiche italiane e una comparazione tra queste e il libro tradotto. L’ultima parte del capitolo è dedicata ad illustrare come questo volume mette in luce questi aspetti sociologici del turismo e di come può creare una nuova prospettiva per il turista. Gli ultimi due capitoli presentano la traduzione del libro e l’analisi e il commento riguardo a quest’ultima.

Analisi e traduzione di "The family law" di Benjamin Law

The aim of this dissertation is to propose a translation from English into Italian of The Family Law, an autobiographical novel written by Benjamin Law, an Australian author of Cantonese origins. The present dissertation is divided into four chapters. The first chapter presents the author of the book, by providing his biography; in addition, the chapter contains an overview of the Australia immigration problem, which is an important issue in the book due to the fact that the author’s parents had moved from Hong Kong to Caloundra, Australia. The second chapter presents the book The Family Law, by focusing on its main themes and by paying special attention to the description of the characters; furthermore, it analyses the plot of the chapters which I decided to translate, and provides a selection of Italian publishers which might be interested in publishing the book. The third chapter consists of my translation of the chapters I selected. The final chapter analyses the strategies I adopted while translating and examines some of the problematic issues that I encountered during the translation process, in particular at the level of morphosyntax, lexicon, cultural references, and style.

Il dialetto nell'"Alpenrock": proposta di traduzione di alcuni brani di Hubert Von Goisern

Il tema del presente elaborato riguarda la traduzione dal dialetto, di alcuni brani del cantautore austriaco Hubert von Goisern. Viene inoltre presentata una breve storia del fenomeno musicale "Alpenrock", una biografia del cantautore e un commento alle traduzioni svolte, con relativa analisi di uno dei brani tradotti.

"Who Fears Death" di Nnedi Okorafor, una proposta di traduzione

This dissertaton deals with the translation of selected chapters from Nnedi Okorafor’s novel Who Fears Death. The novel, set in a post-apocalyptic Africa ravaged by inter-ethnic violence, narrates the tale of Onyesonwu, an Ewu, a half-breed born of rape, facing the rejection of her community. Growing up Onyesonwu realizes that the color of her skin is not the only thing that sets her apart from the other inhabitants of Jwahir, as she starts to manifest magical powers, and during an unintentional visit to the spirit realms she finds out that her biological father, a very powerful sorcerer, wants to kill her. At this point the only option left to her is to learn the secret arts of magic under the guidance of Aro, the sorcerer, and then embark on a journey to put and end to the menace posed by her biological father, stop the massacres between the Okeke and Nuru people, and rewrite history. This work is structured in five chapters. The first presents a brief retelling of the author’s life and works. The second chapter constitutes the theoretical frame according to which the novel will be described, and illustrates an analysis on the function of sci-fi literature. The third chapter introduces the novel itself, dealing with its setting and cultural peculiarities, the literary genre to which it belongs, and analysing the themes deemed most relevant, among which the racial and gender issues. The fourth chapter consists of the translation of some chapters from the novel Who Fears Death, and the fifth of a comment on the translation, presenting both a textual analysis, and notes on the choices deemed most interesting or challenging in a translation process perspective.

Analisi contrastiva degli elementi di struttura e coesione testuale di sentenze penali italiane, austriache e tedesche in un'ottica traduttiva

Oggetto del presente elaborato è l’analisi contrastiva di sentenze penali italiane, austriache e tedesche del più alto grado di giudizio. Le analisi sono condotte su tre corpora di sentenze, uno per ogni variante linguistica presa in considerazione, e si svolgono su due livelli: il primo prevede l’analisi degli elementi macro- e microstrutturali delle sentenze, mentre il secondo livello si concentra sugli elementi di coesione testuale con un’analisi statistica della sintassi e della semantica dei connettori testuali, la cui funzione principale è quella di costruire relazioni semantiche tra gli elementi costitutivi del testo. Con la prima analisi si vogliono mettere in risalto le differenze tra il tedesco giuridico della Germania e quello dell’Austria ed evidenziare quindi le differenti strategie traduttive che devono essere utilizzate, se si ha a che fare con varianti di una stessa lingua provenienti da due sistemi giuridici differenti. Per quanto riguarda, invece, l’analisi degli elementi di coesione testuale, il suo obiettivo è quello di verificare da una parte, se esistono delle differenze nell’uso dei connettori all’interno della lingua tedesca e dall’altra di vedere quali differenze possono esserci nell’uso dei connettori in italiano e in tedesco. Nel primo capitolo si introducono i concetti giuridici che stanno alla base del processo penale in Italia, Austria e Germania, per introdurre la materia di base dei testi oggetto dell’analisi. Nel secondo capitolo si espongono delle considerazioni relative al genere testuale della sentenza e ai fattori extra-testuali che condizionano la sua redazione. Nel terzo capitolo si espone l’analisi contrastiva degli elementi macro- e microstrutturali dei corpora di sentenze italiane, austriache e tedesche. Nel quarto capitolo, infine, si espone l’analisi sintattica e semantica dei connettori individuati nei corpora di sentenze.

The Space Race di Alex Latimer. Traduzione del romanzo di un autore sudafricano.

In the following thesis I present the book The Space Race from South African author Alex Latimer and my translation of some chapters, from English into Italian. Alex Latimer is an illustrator and author based in Cape Town, known mostly for his picture books for children, although his works also appear in magazines and advertisements. The Space Race is his first novel, but it immediately had a good reception amongst readers and critics. The author, his work and his novel The Space Race will be presented in depth in Chapter 1 of the thesis. Then, an overview on the South African fictional production will follow in Chapter 2, focusing mainly on the contemporary trends and trying to understand if and how The Space Race fits. Before presenting my translation and my reflections on the translating process itself, I will outline in Chapter 3 my general approach to the text and its translation, as well as explain the reasons why I chose those specific parts of the book. The original texts and their translations are presented in Chapter 4, preceded by a short introduction to better understand the position of the chapter in the plot and the elements of interests contained in it. A commentary on the translating process will follow in Chapter 5, about problems or just remarks on aspects of interest; also, further elements of complication in the text are described and my solutions presented. The thesis ends with a conclusion on the work done.

Tradurre per le imprese. Analisi e traduzione in inglese della Nota integrativa al Bilancio consolidato 2013 di MNLG S.r.l.-Holding Sorma Group

The aim of this dissertation is to provide a translation in English of the Notes on the Consolidated Financial Statements of MNLG S.r.l., holding company of the Italian Sorma Group. This translation work is one example of the technical material produced in accordance with the project called Language Toolkit, set up by the Chamber of Commerce of Forlì-Cesena, to support the internationalization of the companies established in the territory. This initiative has represented a unique opportunity for me to put into practice the knowledge and abilities learnt in the translation field during these years at university. It also allowed me to give a concrete purpose to my dissertation, that is to provide a technical document translated into a foreign language. By making its Consolidated Financial Statement readily available in English, the company MNLG S.r.l. can in fact increase the number of possible investors and guarantee a more transparent financial informative to its shareholders. This translation work is divided into six chapters: the first one describes the project, its main objectives and the ways in which it was developed. The second chapter deals with the notions of Consolidated Financial Statements and presents the accounting documents of which the Financial Statements are made up as well as the norms according to which they are prepared. The third chapter, instead, focuses on the translation procedure applied and especially on the documentation process, analysing the differences between the International Accounting Standards and the accounting standards used in Italy. The fourth chapter provides a description of the translation resources built for the translation of this specific document. The fifth chapter includes the English version of the Notes on the Consolidated Financial Statements and, to conclude, the sixth chapter analyses the difficulties encountered in translating and the strategies adopted to overcome them.