Concepções sobre escola e gênero na perspectiva de crianças abrigadas

School and family are critical contexts to the development of concepts in childhood and few studies are conducted from the report of children when they live in rest-home. The aim of this study was to investigate concepts that children in rest-homes have about school and gender. There were 22 participants, including boys and girls, between 4 and 6 years, who were interviewed with open questions for content analysis. For these children the school was associated with an area of study opportunities, favorable to themselves, although by necessity or obligation, and possibly with the presence of conflicts. The gender was described from biological and psychosocial aspects and children attributed their gender identity at destination, learning and social advantages. Children feel they belong to a gender in a positive way, although by attributing disadvantages to the opposite gender, for example, relating male aggression to violence. Children reproduce some patterns and social characteristics of gender that probably were learned in different contexts. We conclude that studies in this area are important to identify children´s conceptions about school and sexuality, their roles and representations, especially when they live in an environment with such specific features as a rest-home.

A transexualidade hoje:questões para pensar o corpo e o gênero na psicanáise

Esse artigo propõe que a noção de transexualidade seja discutida a partir de vários aspectos que ela implica. O objetivo é problematizar a escuta clínica que poderia se deixar influenciar apenas pelo viés patológico, sem levar em conta o panorama atual em que a transexualidade se insere. Propomos que a transexualidade seja entendida como um conceito guarda-chuva, que abriga diferentes formas de manifestar o gênero e com variado grau de intervenção ou modificação corporal. Abordamos a rigidez dos critérios diagnósticos, a concepção de gênero, a precocidade no tratamento da transexualidade, a influência da mídia e teorizações sobre a origem da transexualidade. Destacamos o sofrimento psíquico imposto pelo campo da saúde ao estabelecer padrões de coerência entre sexo e gênero como sendo da ordem do impossível. Escutar cada pessoa transexual em sua singularidade, sem descartar a cirurgia de redesignação sexual como possível solução, nos parece ser a postura mais adequada ao trabalho psicanalítico.

A formação de professores para o ensino de ciências nos anos iniciais da escolarização: reflexões e perspectivas para a exploração da natureza da ciência

O objetivo deste estudo é apresentar e discutir aspectos da formação de professores para o ensino de ciências nos anos iniciais da escolarização, focalizando abordagens que podem ser contempladas nos processos formativos para uma adequada compreensão da natureza da ciência. Desenvolvemos um estudo teórico, a partir da literatura científica, apresentando e discutindo algumas propostas: trabalhar a história e filosofia da ciência; inserir práticas diversificadas como a experimentação em uma abordagem investigativa; explorar a relação CTSA; usar diferentes fontes para estudo, preparação das aulas e seleção de atividades. Entendemos que trabalhar nesse sentido pode contribuir para a valorização da área de Ciências por parte dos professores em formação e para o enriquecimento da prática educativa com as crianças.

Ciências e meio ambiente na formação de professores dos anos iniciais: práticas em um curso de pedagogia

Neste trabalho, relatamos as propostas que temos efetivado em três disciplinas que abordam conteúdos de Ciências e de Meio Ambiente, em um curso de Pedagogia. Nessas disciplinas, procuramos propiciar o desenvolvimento de práticas investigativas, que articulem conhecimentos de diferentes campos, contribuindo para uma visão integradora da realidade e para a exploração das múltiplas relações entre Ciência, Tecnologia, Sociedade e Ambiente (CTSA). Entendemos que a realização de trabalhos com esse enfoque, durante a formação, pode contribuir para a valorização das áreas de Ciências e Educação Ambiental e de seu ensino por parte dos docentes em formação e, como consequência, para o enriquecimento da prática educativa com crianças nos anos iniciais da escolarização.

Ciência e colecionismo na poesia de Giacomo Lubrano

This essay aims to analise the temporal dimension and the temporal instruments which the baroques poets utilized in Italy, especially in Lubrano’s poetry. We intend to demonstrate that Lubrano” made several references to the transitoriety of human life, and did not restrict their observations to a simple collectionism.

Ciência e tecnologia na literatura italiana de Dante a Leopardi

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Programa informativo sobre deficiência mental e inclusão: mudanças nas atitudes socias de crianças sem deficiência

This article presents part of a study that analyzed the concepts, feelings and attitudes of children without disabilities about mental retardation and inclusion and evaluated the effects of an informative program that deals with the issue. The study included forty children from two first grade classrooms in a public school in Marília-SP. One classroom participated as a control group. All children underwent pre and post tests in the form of interviews on the subject and a scale of children's social attitudes towards inclusion was applied. The experimental group participated in the informative program, composed of thirteen weekly meetings, in which the limitations and possibilities of people with mental retardation, specialized care, their schooling and family and social aspects, were discussed, using various educational and recreational strategies. The data collected in the interviews were categorized and content analysis was conducted. With the scale, individual scores were obtained. Statistical calculations were performed to verify the significance of differences between groups. In this paper we discuss the data obtained with the scale which were crossed with interview data. The results of the interviews and the scale indicated several changes in children's attitudes towards inclusion, but relations between many of these data could not be statistically confirmed. These results indicate the importance of expanding the research on the relationship between the phenomena presented.

Prevalência das más oclusões em crianças na clínica de graduação da Faculdade de Odontologia de Araraquara - UNESP

The aim of this study was to evaluate in dental models the occlusal relationship of children treated or in orthodontic treatment of the Undergraduate Clinic of Araraquara Dental School – UNESP. It was analyzed the vertical, anteroposterior and transversal relationships of the casts models of 388 children by two previous calibrated examiners. The results were analyzed by descriptive statistics and it was found higher prevalence of occlusal deviations in the vertical direction, followed by the sagital dimension and in lower prevalence of the transverse direction.

O pensamento psicanalítico sobre autismo a partir da análise da revista

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

O perdão como componente moral em crianças do primeiro ano do ensino fundamental

Forgiveness may be considered a moral component to be developed along with the development of moral autonomy of individuals. This study aims to verify how 10 (ten) children from the first year of elementary school conceive the pardon and its possible relationship with their moral autonomy development. As theoretical research we have taken Piaget´s studies on human´s morality (1930; 1932) and Rique (2007, 2008, 2011) and Enright (1991, 1998) studies about forgiveness. This study was based on a qualitative research and the adopted method was the Piaget's Experimental Clinical Method. The results have shown that children perform moral reasoning when facing situations which involve the decision of forgiving someone and tend to comprehend forgiveness as forgiving someone for some performed act. We conclude by emphasizing the importance of the teacher’s mediation and intervention in moral discussions involving forgiveness, for the construction of the learners ´moral autonomy.

Discussão acerca de alguns saberes produzidos sobre as crianças/infância nos séculos XIX e XX

In order to accomplish this article, it was necessary to schematize and to problematize how child/childhood concept along the centuries made their use possible by specialized speeches (namely: medical and pedagogic, mainly) in many different historical extracts. Looking at child/childhood, examining them, transforming them into knowledge and tutor bodies/object, countless attempts in disciplining their gestures and consequent institution of subjective processes will be some steep lines in this article. That will be done in order to evidence the existence of what is nowadays so called child/childhood, and that today is the target of specialists’ speeches that, in our analysis, when leaning over childhood, would dictate norms behavior for the children, limiting them and restricting them.

Apontamentos sobre as práticas psicológicas desenvolvidas nas entidades assistenciais que atendem a crianças e adolescentes pobres

Notes on the psychological practices developed in social work entities that serve poor children and adolescents We understand that psychology, along with Pedagogy is part of the assumptions that compose the multidisciplinary field that comprises the socioeducative action of social work entities that serve poor children and adolescents considered in “personal and social risk”. What kinds of Psychology practices could be found in these institutions? We find evidence that the age minority logic still in force in many social work entities - that implement predominantly disciplinary and repressive, correctional and shaping forms of care, - dispense with psychology as a social transformation practice. When we find professional psychologists in social work entities, it is not uncommon for them to develop extremely traditional, psychotherapeutic, patologization actions for the individual, and to promote actions of orthopedic behavior, and therefore they may be called "technicians of conduct." This psychology is not aligned with the citizen and empowering perspective proposed by the Statute of Children and Adolescent, based on the fundamental concept of the social subject of rights.

Zaira de Bittencourt Martins: pioneira da psicanálise de crianças no Rio Grande do Sul

The objective of the present article is to introduce Zaira de Bittencourt Martins’s contributions to psychoanalysis in Rio Grande do Sul, identifying her as pioneer in child psychoanalysis in this State. Starting from a historic research based on interviews with psychoanalysts, bibliographical sources and contacts with relatives, the author composed a biographical outline of the psychoanalyst above mentioned. Zaira Martins, together with her husband, the psychiatrist and psychoanalyst Mario Martins, immigrated to Argentina in 1944, and in 1947 was recognized as an analyst by the Argentinian Psychoanalytic Association. On her return to Brazil she became the first non physician woman to make part of the Psychoanalytic Society of Porto Alegre, collaborating with her foundation, in 1963. She played the pioneer role as child psychoanalyst and contributed in the dissemination of Kleinian ideas in her State. She also contributed in the formation of young analysts who were beginners in the child analyst field, through courses and supervisions.