O Curso Normal de 1º Ciclo em Assu/RN (1951-1971)

The aim of this research is the analysis of the history of the Normal Course in the 1st period in Assu, Rio Grande do Norte, since its foundation by the state law no. 621, de 06 December 1951 until its demise, with the implementation of the Course of the Magisterium, by Federal Law 5692 from August 11, 1971. The goal is to answer how it was constituted the operation and the educational practices of this institution, teacher trainers, throughout its existence. For this, we analyze the institution's documents in focus interviews, legislation, of the education, newspapers and books of the season, guiding itself by the studies of Chartier (1991), Elias (2001), Certeau (2001), Frago (1995), Magalhães (2005) and Julia (2001). When dealing with an educational institution, the central category of analysis is the school culture, in which supported the cutting of specific categories of study: the entrance into the Normal Course, the conferring of a degree, the "Normalista Week‖ in Assu and formative elements. The Normal Course from 1st cycle formed teachers in a basic level, differing themselves from schools of teacher education of 2nd Cycle. It was founded in Assu as Regional Training Course and called Ginásio Normal in 1961.In the temporal cut studied, 279 women and 07 men were graduated as Regents of Elementary School, demonstrating a school attended virtually by women. In the narrative, it is restored to the inclusion of female students in the Normal Course, focusing on the processes of registration and the admission exams, graduation events, imbued with discourses on the social role of the teacher and the Party Normalista Week, which valued the sense of belonging with of students to the profession. Through theater plays in the school, of practices forming behaviors and stages of female students in elementary school, training elements are reassembled, demonstrating the discourse of modern education intermingled with the Christian Catholic values of the culture for female education. The reconstruction of the historical identity of this institution sometimes close, sometimes unique, when confronted with other schools of teacher training brings a contribution to the setting of the history of schooling in the state of Rio Grande do Norte

Análise de um controlador baseado no Jacobiano estimado da planta através de uma rede neural

This work presents an analysis of the control law based on an indirect hybrid scheme using neural network, initially proposed for O. Adetona, S. Sathanathan and L. H. Keel. Implementations of this control law, for a level plant of second order, was resulted an oscillatory behavior, even if the neural identifier has converged. Such results had motivated the investigation of the applicability of that law. Starting from that, had been made stability mathematical analysis and several implementations, with simulated plants and with real plants, for analyze the problem. The analysis has been showed the law was designed being despised some components of dynamic of the plant to be controlled. Thus, for plants that these components have a significant influence in its dynamic, the law tends to fail

O descompasso de uma experiência: avaliação do Programa Habitar Brasil na Comunidade África-Natal/RN

This research deals with the evaluation of the Programa do Governo Federal para Urbanização de Favelas Habitar Brasil(1993) carried out in the Africa slum - Redinha neighbourhood in Natal-Rn. This study carried out in period from 2005 to 2006 searches to identify the effects of the actions proposed by Program in 1993-1994 about the current urbanistic configuration of the Africa community. It analyzes the effectiveness in the process of achievement of the considered objectives to habitation, communitity equipments, infrastructure and agrarian regularization. On the evaluation process, it has been as reference the works developed by Adauto Cardoso (2004), Blaine Worthen (2004), Ronaldo Garcia (2001) and Rosângela Paz (2006). About the Habitational Policy with approach to the Urbanistic Right and the right to the housing, the reflections by Raquel Rolnik, Nabil Bonduki, Ermínia Maricato, Saule Júnior, Betânia de Moraes Alfonsin and Edésio Fernandes are main references. To gauge the execution of the objectives proposed by Habitar Brasil in 1993, it has searched in the documentary data of the time and in information gotten in interviews with technicians that had participated of the program, consistent references on what was considered, what was executed and the process of the intervention of Habitar Brasil in the Africa community. The area analysis in 2005-2006 has developed on the base of the urbanistic survey of the current situation from the four performance lines of the Program: habitation, infrastructure, community equipments and agrarian regularization, with a current urbanistic evaluation of Africa considering the intervention carried out in 1993 and 1994. The study points out the context of Brazilian Habitational Policy where the Programa Habitar Brasil was launched, explaining the main principles of the Program. In terms of local, it empahsizes the administrative-political factors that had contributed so that Natal-Rn city has been pioneering in the resources captation of Habitar Brazil (1993). Considering Habitar Brazil in Africa, the work argues and presents the intervention diagnosis and the proposal, developed by Program in 1993 evidencing the local problem of the time. After that, it makes a current reading of the area, identifying in 2006 representative elements of Habitar Brasil (1993-1994) for the Africa community. It identifies significant advances in the constitution of the institucional apparatus of the plaining system of Habitation of Social Interest for the city of Natal and points the fragilities in the implementation of the urban infrastructure actions and above all in the achievement of the objectives of the agrarian regularization

Estudo de compatibilidade e estabilidade térmica do ácido retinóico e hidroquinona por termogravimetria

Retinoic acid (RA) and hydroquinone (HQ) assets are widely used in pharmaceutical and cosmetic formulations, for having depigmenting properties and are largely produced in drugstores. To assist in the development of formulations containing the active RA and HQ National Forms of Brazilian Pharmacopoeia (2005 and 2012 ) proposes formulations with different excipients such as cetyl alcohol (AC), cetostearyl alcohol (ACT), methylparaben (MTP), propyl paraben ( PPB), glycerin (GLY), dipropylene glycol (DPG), imidazolidinil urea ( IMD ), cyclomethicone (CCM ), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), octyl stearate (ETO), EDTA, decil oleate (ODC) and hydroxipropymethyl celullose (HPMC). One of the difficulties found in most cosmetic formulations is the large number of incompatibilities between the components of the formulations, so the aim this study was to evaluate thermal stability and interactions between these active pharmaceutical ingredients and excipients. The depigmenting agents were analyzed by DSC and TG and excipients were analyzed by TG. The dynamic thermogravimetric curves were obtained on a SHIMADZU thermobalance, model DTG-60, using an alumina crucible, at the heating rate of 10ºC min-1, in the temperature range of 25-900 ºC, under an atmosphere of nitrogen at 50 mL min-1. The DSC curves were obtained using Shimadzu calorimeter, model DSC-60, using aluminum crucible, at the heating rate of 10ºC min-1, in the temperature range of 25-400ºC. The thermogravimetric and calorimetric curves were analyzed using TASYS software SHIMADZU. In this study no were found interactions between AR and the following excipients: MTP, PPB, IMD, ODC, EDTA, CCM, ETO, HPMC. However, were found interactions with the following excipients: AC, ACT, BHT, GLI and DPG. For HQ were found interactions with IMD and DPG. Interactions remained even changing proportions of the mixtures and the ternary. Thus, the studies conducted with excipients of National Formulary from 2005 and 2012 showed that these new excipients do not interact by thermogravimetry with the active pharmaceutical ingredients of this study

Juizados especiais federais e o acesso à justiça federal no Rio Grande do Norte

This work aims to study the performance of Juizados Especiais Fedrais (JEF) in Rio Grande do Norte and its contribution to the facilitation of access to justice by ordinary citizens. Created in 2001, the JEF looks simplify and reduce the procedural steps and reduce the number of appeals referred to the courts so that justice is possible to provide a more agile. In this sense, are designed to contribute to the democratization of access to justice. In Rio Grande do Norte, the JEF was established and began operating in January 2002, serving in causes civil pension. From 2005, the Court began to receive all types of civil cases and have a virtual system of processing of cases. Among the methodological procedures used in conducting research, highlight the documentary survey in the virtual site of the Federal Justice of RN, to obtain data on the shares tried and sentenced in the years 2005, 2006 and 2007, using the quantitative research. Were also conducted interviews with federal judges, using the qualitative research method. Among the results, we conclude that the Juizado Especial Federal in Rio Grande do Norte is complying with its objective of making justice more accessible and responsive to ordinary citizens, especially the short time that an action leads to the entry in the Court to be given the sentence

Perfis do controle jurisdicional de políticas publicas: parâmetros objetivos e tutela coletiva

This paper focuses on a study of public policy jurisdictional control as some effectiveness mechanism for cultural, economical, and social fundamental rights. It investigates the juridical profile of public policies based on premises of the current (Neo)Constitutional State model and the assertion of an essentially constitutionalist Law paradigm from its genesis to its most peculiar elements, and through tormenting issues, such as: its position between Law and Politics, the difference with reflective subjective rights, and the problem of high financial costs. Once its object is identified, it moves forward into the theme itself, which is that of jurisdictional control, investigating its legitimacy based on paradigmatic judicial precedents and the facing of themes such as: current role of the Judicial Power, the splitting of state functions, administrative discretion, financial affordability, illegal omissions, and budget control. Finally, it examines, as its study central object, objective parameters for definition control, execution, and transparency of public policies, as well as identifying the most appropriate collective jurisdictional tutoring to its purposes together with some of its law process means. Therefrom, it shows new perspectives for the recent study on jurisdictional control of public policies, building foundations for the fundamental rights effectiveness

Planejamento tributário: Critérios e limites para a desconsideração dos atos e negócios jurídicos pela administração fiscal

Tax planning is a subject that has been increasing in relevance in Tax Law. This current dissertation s objective is to approach the criterion and limits for the disqualification of law acts and business through the Tax Administration. Law acts and business resulted from the conduct of contributors that seek to diminish the growing raise of the tax load, using some means to reduce their burden and increase the possibilities of success in an economical activity, without violating the law in the persecution of paying fewer burdens. On the other hand, the tax administration, through its organs, hoping the increase of burden collection to withstand some determined sectors of the State, with a clear purpose to stop the contributor organizing his activity and structuring it as efficiently as possible, came up with a preliminary draft which left Complementary Law 104, from 10.02.2001, enacted, that inserted the unique paragraph of the National Tax Code, article 116, authorizing the disregard, by the administrative fiscal authority, of Law acts and business practiced to dissimulate the occurrence of burden gain or the nature of obligated incorporating elements, observing the procedures to be established in common law . Our goal is to identify the criteria and limits to disregard law acts and business through the tax administration, pointing out some possible means of action by the tax administration that qualifies it to disregard the contributor s acts and business, just claiming that a saving in the tax costs was made by the contributor s act

Controle da neoplasia maligna do colo de útero: a resolutividade na atenção básica

A quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional and retrospective study, using technical procedures of document consultation from secondary sources and health household survey with application form for face to face inter views, with the assent nº.039/2011 from the Ethics Committee of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte. The aim of this study was to analyze the cervix cancer control in the area47 of the Health Family Centre Nova Natal II. The cancer cervix is the second most common cancer among women worldwide. In Brazil screening for early detection and treatment of disease has been poorly done and follow-up to reduce mortality has not been executed. From a total of1170women belonging to area 47, who under went screening by the Pap test in the period from 2005 to 2010,was elected a sample of 38 women with positive cervical changes, over 18 years old. The calculation of frequency analysis of socio demographic and clinical and epidemiological selected variables with the results of cervical changes, using the X2 test and taking as significance level of p<0.05 was not statistically significant. The predominant age range was 25 to 64 years (68.9%), most no white women (60.5%), predominantly with primary education (57.9%), most married (68.4%) and housewives (68.4%) with early age of sexual activity (86.8%), the minority smokers (13.2%), with a sexual partner (36.8%). At the time of interview, 42.1% of the women voiced complaint of discharge, while only 2.6% reported bleeding. In relation to the occurrence of STDs (including HPV), 10.5% of women reported being a carrier. The use of oral contraceptives was 32.3% of women, from 2 to 4 years (44.4%). The result of the last screening test performed, showed prevalence of immature squamous metaplasia (55.3%), followed by intraepithelial low- grade lesion (including the cytopathologic HPV effect and cervical intra epithelial neoplasia grade I) (31.6%); intraepithelial high-grade lesion (including cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade II and III) (7.9%), atypical squamous non neoplastic cells (5.3%). There was no squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. Most women received information about the action that should be done after the last screening test result (55.3%), but how to perform follow, most women did not report having done so (55.3%). The follow-up group of women studied, with varying degrees of cervical abnormalities, should only be completed with the discharge by cure, established inconsecutive negative cytology, a goal that is not being achieved in the area 47 of the Health Family Centre of Nova Natal II

Criação da matéria em cosmologias com velocidade da luz variável e eletrônico não-linear

In this work we obtain the cosmological solutions and investigate the thermodynamics of matter creation in two diferent contexts. In the first we propose a cosmological model with a time varying speed of light c. We consider two diferent time dependence of c for a at Friedmann-Robertson- Walker (FRW) universe. We write the energy conservation law arising from Einstein equations and study how particles are created as c decreases with cosmic epoch. The variation of c is coupled to a cosmological Λ term and both singular and non-singular solutions are possible. We calculate the "adiabatic" particle creation rate and the total number of particles as a function of time and find the constrains imposed by the second law of thermodynamics upon the models. In the second scenario, we study the nonlinearity of the electrodynamics as a source of matter creation in the cosmological models with at FRW geometry. We write the energy conservation law arising from Einstein field equations with cosmological term Λ, solve the field equations and study how particles are created as the magnetic field B changes with cosmic epoch. We obtain solutions for the adiabatic particle creation rate, the total number of particles and the scale factor as a function of time in three cases: Λ = 0, Λ = constant and Λ α H2 (cosmological term proportional to the Hubble parameter). In all cases, the second law of thermodynamics demands that the universe is not contracting (H ≥ 0). The first two solutions are non-singular and exhibit in ationary periods. The third case studied allows an always in ationary universe for a suficiently large cosmological term

Fotografia e marketing: uma análise dos atrativos turísticos da cidade de João Pessoa-PB

Photography is a resourse of the most used and effective marketing, besides being an polysemic art, boundless sense; this allows for different readings. Nevertheless, there are those who, through the control and supervision, try to organize its meaning, such as the marketing companies. Others, such as artists, are the responsibility of the observers to give their work some understanding. Resorting a photographic iconography of the tourist attractions of the city of João Pessoa in Brazil from 2005 to 2010. This survey selected images published in catalogs supported by the Fundo de Incentivo a Cultura (FIC) and the Empresa Paraibana de Turismo (PBTUR). The central idea of this qualitative research is the assumption that, in general, tourists crave, even unconsciously, a reality of a tourist attraction motivated by photographic image conveyed the travel market, meanwhile, emphasizes that the art market, the same attraction is exposed and uncovered. Thus it is argued, by photos, such as environmental and sociocultural characteristics are commodified by these organs that have different purposes is not exclusive, given that the FIC supports art and PBTUR sponsors the tourism. Beyond the iconography used for cataloging and photographic analysis, interviews were conducted by the method of visual narratives in ordes to approximate the data with the view of tourists and photographers. In that resulted in a refletion on the current imagistic process involving the release of the tourist destinations in order to be allowed on a critical reading of photographic production and market resources to marketing and promoting the art of the city. It was observed that both the art and photography marketing acquire different symbolic values with respect to their markets promoted by the catalogs analyzed.

A inserção da educação a distância no ensino superior do Brasil: diretrizes e marcos regulatórios

This article aims to critically review the regulatory frameworks that guided the institutionalization of distance education (DE) course offerings in higher education institutions in Brazil, taking as a reference 50 (fifty) documents which were analyzed for the research titled Expansion of Higher Education pos-LDB 96. The need for systematization of DE, legitimated by this Act (LDB-96), proved to be part of the guidelines of international agencies as a strategy for expansion of higher education and that the first initiatives of the Brazilian government were associated with the use of technology in education. A contextualized analysis of regulatory frameworks showed, initially, the quantitative and massified explosion of DE, without the state having proper instruments for its effective regulation. From 2005, new regulatory acts and the creation of the Open University of Brazil seek to maintain this expansion without losing quality.

O descompasso de uma experiência: avaliação do Programa Habitar Brasil na Comunidade África-Natal/RN

This research deals with the evaluation of the Programa do Governo Federal para Urbanização de Favelas Habitar Brasil(1993) carried out in the Africa slum - Redinha neighbourhood in Natal-Rn. This study carried out in period from 2005 to 2006 searches to identify the effects of the actions proposed by Program in 1993-1994 about the current urbanistic configuration of the Africa community. It analyzes the effectiveness in the process of achievement of the considered objectives to habitation, communitity equipments, infrastructure and agrarian regularization. On the evaluation process, it has been as reference the works developed by Adauto Cardoso (2004), Blaine Worthen (2004), Ronaldo Garcia (2001) and Rosângela Paz (2006). About the Habitational Policy with approach to the Urbanistic Right and the right to the housing, the reflections by Raquel Rolnik, Nabil Bonduki, Ermínia Maricato, Saule Júnior, Betânia de Moraes Alfonsin and Edésio Fernandes are main references. To gauge the execution of the objectives proposed by Habitar Brasil in 1993, it has searched in the documentary data of the time and in information gotten in interviews with technicians that had participated of the program, consistent references on what was considered, what was executed and the process of the intervention of Habitar Brasil in the Africa community. The area analysis in 2005-2006 has developed on the base of the urbanistic survey of the current situation from the four performance lines of the Program: habitation, infrastructure, community equipments and agrarian regularization, with a current urbanistic evaluation of Africa considering the intervention carried out in 1993 and 1994. The study points out the context of Brazilian Habitational Policy where the Programa Habitar Brasil was launched, explaining the main principles of the Program. In terms of local, it empahsizes the administrative-political factors that had contributed so that Natal-Rn city has been pioneering in the resources captation of Habitar Brazil (1993). Considering Habitar Brazil in Africa, the work argues and presents the intervention diagnosis and the proposal, developed by Program in 1993 evidencing the local problem of the time. After that, it makes a current reading of the area, identifying in 2006 representative elements of Habitar Brasil (1993-1994) for the Africa community. It identifies significant advances in the constitution of the institucional apparatus of the plaining system of Habitation of Social Interest for the city of Natal and points the fragilities in the implementation of the urban infrastructure actions and above all in the achievement of the objectives of the agrarian regularization