Histórias de vida de mulheres idosas :um estudo sobre o bem-estar subjetivo na velhice

The elderly population growth in Brazil and in the world is an incontestable reality, arising from a significant declining rate in mortality and fertility, resulting from the remarkable improvements in the quality of life of the people. Associated with the introduction of new technologies in the medical area, these issues have been highly contributing for the increase of the population longevity. The numbers of the elderly in Brazil and in the world show female population predominance within the aging segment, a phenomenon known as the feminisation of the old-age . Aging, therefore, is nowadays one of the primary issues and that has been mobilizing the Brazilian s society, since the development raised from this new reality brought with it enormous challenges and complex social implications which are already felt in the daily lives of the societies. My work experience among some age groups has shown that aging is a much differentiated process which has instigated my interest in understanding why aging has to face an overwhelming and painful experience for some people and enriched and full of signification for others. Overviewing, this research aimed to understand the aging development through the analysis of the processes of signification and production of meaning that permeate the aging and the subjective well-being of three aged women participants of the Project Health and Citizenship on Third Age /CEFET-RN, that evidenced attitudes and behaviors concerning the integration and the activity toward the elderly population. The methodological strategy used was History of Life, starting from collecting data based on deep interviews. The analysis of data evidenced that the elderly well-being is a unique and distinct meaningful experience for each person, concerning each story of their lives within differentiated social, cultural, economic context, from this perspective one can demystify the concept of that aging occurs in a homogeneous way for everyone, everywhere and with the same rhythm. The narratives presented in this research showed the human development as being a dialectic, discursive and interactionist process which extends throughout the adult life and continues to the aging life. The guarantee that development and aging are a parallel phenomenon always in interdependence on the preceding phases of live, are corroborated within the studies. This present study confirms that the elderly population can be a phase of growth, personal realization and continued development, without disrespecting the heterogeneous and the subjectivity of the person who ages. Notifying those healthy and well-succeeded aging experiences, this issue has the intention to contribute to demystify the concept of aging as a social problem, illness needed to be treated, and the stereotypy of the elderly being dependent and unproductive

Adolescentes preocupadas em conquistar um corpo magro: Um estudo sobre discursos produzidos em diários eletrônicos

The concern about a good physical condition is heavily present nowadays, in documentary films about health and in the media, and it is also expressed through the outstanding growth of physical academies, beauty institutes and aesthetic medicine and all kind of aesthetic surgeries. In the western world the body wave is a significant trend, characterized by the great investments in body image. However, what is overlooked is the fact that in parallel trend grows the number of teenagers, especially females, with all kind of problems related to their body image. As adolescence is a moment of transformations, teenagers tend to be more aware of their body image and often neglect food ingestion and try to build their bodies following the images they have from top models and movie stars. The low self-esteem accompanying this sort of experience is an additional problem. Therefore the research aim to analyze discourses regarding the body image produced in world wide web diaries (blogs). The blogs selection was made through the site www.blogs.com.br, which is considered the widest guide of electronic diaries in Brazil. We looked after blogs including the keyword body and from adolescents aged 10 to 19, who showed concern about a slim body. Three blogs were chosen, considering the example criteria. Discourse analysis shows that these teenagers feel unsatisfied with their bodies, searching by all means the thinness presented as a aesthetic paradigm in western societies which often implies neglecting their own health, using appetite inhibitor drugs, restricting or totally abstaining food ingestion for long periods of time, or provoking themselves vomits after ingesting food. These behaviors, together with intense fear of gaining weight, can be characterized as alimentary disorders, related to the body image. As they usually hide this sort of behaviors from family and friends who do not share this concern, the blogs seem to be an easy tool for adolescents to find peers with whom to share common values and ideas and reaffirm their identities and virtual sense of community

Estudo da água produzida em diferentes zonas de produção de petróleo, utilizando a hidroquímica e a análise estatística de parâmetros químicos

Over exploitation of oil deposits on land onshore or offshore, there is simultaneous generation of waste water, known as produced water, which represents the largest waste stream in the production of crude oil. The relationship between the chemical composition of oil and water production and the conditions in which this process occurs or is favored are still poorly studied. The area chosen for the study has an important oil reserve and an important aquifer saturated with freshwater meteoric. The aim of this work is to study some chemical parameters in water produced for each reservoir zone of production in mature oil fields of Açu Formation, using the hydrochemical and statistical analysis to serve as a reference and be used as tools against the indicator ranges water producers in oil producing wells. Samples were collected from different wells in 6 different areas of production and were measured 50 parameters, which can be classified into three groups: anions, cations and physicochemical properties (considering only the parameters that generated values above detection limits in all samples). Through the characterization hydrochemistry observed an area of water and chlorinated sodium, chlorinated calcium or magnesium (mixed) in well water in different areas of Açu, by applying a statistical treatment, we obtained a discriminant function that distinguishes chemically production areas. Thus, it was possible to calculate the rate of correct classification of the function was 76.3%. To validate this model the accuracy rate was 86%

Estudo dos principais fatores que influenciam na solubilização dos hpas em águas

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) constitute a family of compounds characterized by having two or more condensed aromatic rings and for being a class of substances that are widely distributed in the environment as a complex mixture, being very persistent in the environment due to its low solubility in water. The application of chemometric methods to analytical chemistry has provided excellent results in studying the solubility of PAHs in aqueous media in order to understand the mechanisms involved in environmental contamination. The method consists in analyzing the solubilization of PAHs from diesel oil in water varying parameters such as stirring time, volume of oil added and pH, using a full factorial design of two levels and three factors. PAHs were extracted with n-hexane and analyzed by fluorescence spectroscopy because they have molecular characteristics fluorescent due to the large number of condensed rings and links, and gas chromatography coupled to a mass spectrometer (GC-MS). The results of fluorescence analysis showed that only the stirring time and pH influenced the solubility of PAHs in diesel fuel. How is a non-selective technique for the study of fluorescence was performed on form and semi-quantitative. And for the chromatographic analysis the results showed that the solubility of the different PAHs is influenced differently so that you can classify them into groups by the results of the effects

Estudo termoanalítico de medicamentos de referência, genérico e similar

This study aimed to apply, thermogravimetriy /derivative Thermogravimetriy (TG/DTG), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA), to conduct a comparative study on drug reference, generic and whose active principles are similar captopril hydrochlorothiazide, ampicillin, paracetamol, aspirin and mebendazole sold in local pharmacies. Samples of the active ingredients and dosage forms were also characterized by absorption infrared spectroscopy (IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and microscopy scanning electron (SEM). The TG / DTG curves showed a general similarity in the thermal behavior of the samples, but also showed the influence of excipients on the thermal stability. The DSC curve of the generic base hydrochlorothiazide showed no peak on the fusion of the drug due to interference of lactose as a diluent, which causes interaction with the active principle causing their degradation before the merger. The DSC curves of the drugs consisting of paracetamol showed reproducibility at the melting point of the active and the other thermal events. The DSC result of binary mixtures involving captopril / magnesium stearate and mebendazole/magnesium stearate showed possible interactions or incompatibilities evidenced by the displacement of the melting point of both drugs. The other mixtures showed no change. The infrared spectra presented were very similar, indicating the presence of functional groups characteristic of the constituents of the samples. The X-ray diffraction showed peaks indicative of crystalline structure of the active ingredients as well as some of the ingredients in the formulation of the drug and the micrographs indicate a general heterogeneity in the size distribution of particles in the samples

Determinação do teor de cálcio através da termogravimetria, em medicamentos utilizados no tratamento da osteoporose: um estudo comparativo

The present study utilized the thermogravimetry (TG) and optical emission spectroscopy with inductively coupled plasma - ICP / OES to determine the calcium content in tablets of carbonate, citrate and calcium lactate used in the treatment of osteoporosis. The samples were characterized by IR, SEM, TG / DTG, DTA, DSC and XRD. The thermal analysis evaluated the thermal stability and physical-chemical events and showed that the excipients influence the decomposition of active ingredients. The results of thermogravimetry indicated that the decomposition temperature of the active CaCO3 (T = 630.2 °C) is lower compared to that obtained in samples of the tablets (633.4 to 655.2 °C) except for sample AM 2 (Ti = 613.8 oC). In 500.0 °C in the samples of citrate and calcium lactate, as well as their respective active principles had already been formed calcium carbonate. The use of N2 atmosphere resulted in shifting the initial and final temperature related to the decomposition of CaCO3. In the DTA and DSC curves were observed endo and exothermic events for the samples of tablets and active ingredients studied. The infrared spectra identified the main functional groups in all samples of active ingredients, excipients and tablets studied, such as symmetric and asymmetric stretches of the groups OH, CH, C = O. Analysis by X-ray diffraction showed that all samples are crystalline and that the final residue showed peaks indicative of the presence of calcium hydroxide by the reaction of calcium oxide with moisture of the air. Although the samples AM 1, AM 2, AM 3 and AM 6 in their formulations have TiO2 and SiO2 peaks were not observed in X-ray diffractograms of these compounds. The results obtained by TGA to determine the calcium content of the drugs studied were satisfactory when compared with those obtained by ICP-OES. In the AM 1 tablet was obtained the content of 35.37% and 32.62% for TG by ICP-OES, at 6 AM a percentage of 17.77% and 16.82% and for AM 7 results obtained were 8.93% for both techniques, showing that the thermogravimetry can be used to determine the percentage of calcium in tablets. The technique offers speed, economy in the use of samples and procedures eliminating the use of acid reagents in the process of the sample and efficiency results.

Síntese, caracterização e estudo cinético da degradação de quitosana impregnada em SBA-15

O recente interesse em se obter materiais nanoporosos funcionalizados para aplicações como calisadores heterogêneos e adsorção de CO2, tem aumentado no meio industrial e cientifico. Nesta última aplicação, a introdução de grupos aminas, como os presentes em quitosana, em materiais nanoporosos do tipo SBA-15 para gerar interações específicas com o CO2 tem ganhado importância. Assim, neste trabalho foram realizadas a síntese do SBA-15 e posterior impregnação da CS no suporte mesoporoso através do método de impregnação por via úmida. Os materiais obtidos foram caracterizados por meio DRX, TG, DSC, MEV, FTIR e adsorção/dessorção de N2. Os resultados de DRX indicaram que a estrutura ordenada do suporte SBA-15 foi preservada após a impregnação e os cálculos mostraram que o diâmetro médio do poro e/ou a espessura média da parede (wt) foram alterados devido a introdução da quitosana nas amostras funcionalizadas. As curvas de TG e de DSC,corroboraram com os dados de DRX, indicando a presença da quitosana na estrutura mesoporosa do SBA-15, assim como as micrografias das amostras funcionalizadas, que possibilitou visualizar o estado de agregação do material obtido. As bandas características de absorção da CS na região IV foram identificadas e interpretadas nas amostras funcionalizadas confirmando as outras caracterizações. Foi visto também que a área superficial diminuiu nas amostras funcionalizadas, indicando a sucessiva incorporação do polímero no suporte mesoporoso. A energia de ativação do processo de degradação térmica da quitosana impregnada no suporte foi determinada por meio do método de cinética livre de Viazovkin e pelo método de Ozawa-Flay-Wall com os resultados indicando que o aumento da quitosana diminui em aproximadamente 10% a energia de ativação para sua degradação.

Síntese, caracterização e estudo cinético da degradação de quitosana impregnada em SBA-15

The recent interest in obtaining functionalized nanoporous materials for applications such as heterogeneous catalysts and adsorption of CO2 has increased today. In the latter application, the introduction of amino groups such as present in the chitosan (CS), in the nanoporous materials like SBA-15 to generate specific interactions with CO2 has gained importance. In this work were performed to hydrothermal synthesis of SBA-15 and subsequent impregnation of the CS in the support mesoporous by the method of the wet impregnation. The materials were characterized by TG/DTG, DSC, XRD, SEM, FTIR and adsorption / desorption of N2. The XRD showed that the ordered structure of the support SBA-15 was preserved after the impregnation and calculations have shown that the average pore diameter (Dp) and / or the average wall thickness (wt) have been changed due to introduction of the CS in the samples functionalized. The curves of TG and DSC data corroborates the XRD, indicating the presence of CS in the nanoporous structure of SBA-15, as well as micrographs of samples, which allowed the display state of aggregation of the material obtained. The characteristics of bands absorption in the region of the CS in the FTIR were identified and interpreted in the samples functionalized, confirming the further characterization. Measurements showed that the BET surface area decreases in the functionalized samples, indicating the successive incorporation of the polymer in the nanoporous support. The activation energy apparent (Ea) for the process of thermal degradation of CS in the impregnated support was determined by the methods of kinetic freedom Vyazovkin and Ozawa-Flynn-Wall with the results indicating that the sample functionalized CS/SBA-15 2,5 % was decrease of the Ea in their degradation of about 10% compared to 1,0 % CS/SBA-15 sample

Estudo da imobilização de proteases para a síntese de oligolisinas

Enzymatic synthesis of peptides using proteases has attracted a great deal of attention in recent years. One key challenge in peptide synthesis is to find supports for protease immobilization capable of working in aqueous medium at high performance, producing watersoluble oligopeptides. At present, few reports have been described using this strategy. Therefore, the aim of this thesis was to immobilize proteases applying different methods (Immobilization by covalent bound, entrapment onto polymeric gels of PVA and immobilization on glycidil metacrylate magnetic nanoparticles) in order to produce water-soluble oligopeptides derived from lysine. Three different proteases were used: trypsin, α-chymotrypsin and bromelain. According to immobilization strategies associated to the type of protease employed, trypsin-resin systems showed the best performance in terms of hydrolytic activity and oligopeptides synthesis. Hydrolytic activities of the free and immobilized enzymes were determined spectrophotometrically based on the absorbance change at 660 nm at 25 °C (Casein method). Calculations of oligolysine yield and average degree of polymerization (DPavg) were monitored by 1H-NMR analysis. Trypsin was covalently immobilized onto four different resins (Amberzyme, Eupergit C, Eupergit CM and Grace 192). Maximum yield of bound protein was 92 mg/g, 82 mg/g and 60 mg/g support for each resin respectively. The effectiveness of these systems (Trypsin-resins) was evaluated by hydrolysis of casein and synthesis of water-soluble oligolysine. Most systems were capable of catalyzing oligopeptide synthesis in aqueous medium, albeit at different efficiencies, namely: 40, 37 and 35% for Amberzyme, Eupergit C and Eupergit CM, respectively, in comparison with free enzyme. These systems produced oligomers in only 1 hour with DPavg higher than free enzyme. Among these systems, the Eupergit C-Trypsin system showed greater efficiency than others in terms of hydrolytic activity and thermal stability. However, this did not occur for oligolysine synthesis. Trypsin-Amberzyme proved to be more successful in oligopeptide synthesis, and exhibited excellent reusability, since it retained 90% of its initial hydrolytic and synthetic activity after 7 reuses. Trypsin hydrophobic interactions with Amberzyme support are responsible for protecting against strong enzyme conformational changes in the medium. In addition, the high concentration of oxirane groups on the surface promoted multi-covalent linking and, consequently, prevented the immobilized enzyme from leaching. The aforementioned results suggest that immobilized Trypsin on the supports evaluated can be efficiently used for oligopeptides synthesis in aqueous media

Aplicação da termogravimetria na determinação do teor de ferro em comprimidos: um estudo comparativo com a espectrofotometria

This study used the Thermogravimetry (TG) and molecular absorption spectroscopy in UV-visible region to determine the iron content in herbal medicinal ferrous sulfate used in the treatment of iron deficiency anemia. The samples were characterized by IR, UV, TG / DTG, DTA, DSC and XRD. The thermoanalytical techniques evaluated the thermal stability and physicochemical events and showed that the excipients interfere in the decomposition of the active ingredients. The results of thermogravimetry showed that the decomposition temperature of the active principle Fe2(SO4)3 (T = 602 °C) is higher as compared to samples of tablets (566 586 °C). In the DTA and DSC curves were observed exothermic and endo events for samples of medicines and active analysis. The infrared spectra identified key functional groups exist in all samples of active ingredients, excipients and compressed studied, such as symmetric and asymmetric stretching of OH, CH, S=O. The analysis by X-ray diffraction showed that all samples had crystallinity and the final residue showed peaks indicating the presence of silicon dioxide, titanium dioxide and talc that are excipients contained in pharmaceutical formulations in addition to iron oxide. The results obtained by TG to determine the iron content of the studied drugs showed a variance when compared with those obtained by theoretical and UV-visible, probably due to formation of a mixture of Fe2O3 and Fe2(SO4)3. In one tablet was obtained FE content of 15.7 % and 20.6 % for TG by UV-visible, the sample EF 2 was obtained as a percentage of 15.4 % and 21.0 % for TG by UV-visible . In the third SF samples were obtained a content of 16.1 % and 25.5 % in TG by UV-visible, and SF 4 in the percentage of TG was 16.7 % and 14.3 % UV-visible

Estudo do desempenho de resinas poliméricas para remoção de H2S do gás natural

The natural gas (NG) is a clean energy source and found in the underground of porous rocks, associated or not to oil. Its basic composition includes methane, ethane, propane and other components, like carbon dioxide, nitrogen, hydrogen sulphide and water. H2S is one of the natural pollutants of the natural gas. It is considered critical concerning corrosion. Its presence depends on origin, as well as of the process used in the gas treatment. It can cause problems in the tubing materials and final applications of the NG. The Agência Nacional do Petróleo sets out that the maximum concentration of H2S in the natural gas, originally national or imported, commercialized in Brazil must contain 10 -15 mg/cm3. In the Processing Units of Natural Gas, there are used different methods in the removal of H2S, for instance, adsorption towers filled with activated coal, zeolites and sulfatreat (solid, dry, granular and based on iron oxide). In this work, ion exchange resins were used as adsorbing materials. The resins were characterized by thermo gravimetric analysis, infrared spectroscopy and sweeping electronic microscopy. The adsorption tests were performed in a system linked to a gas-powered chromatograph. The present H2S in the exit of this system was monitored by a photometrical detector of pulsing flame. The electronic microscopy analyzes showed that the topography and morphology of the resins favor the adsorption process. Some characteristics were found such as, macro behavior, particles of variable sizes, spherical geometries, without the visualization of any pores in the surface. The infrared specters presented the main frequencies of vibration associated to the functional group of the amines and polymeric matrixes. When the resins are compared with sulfatreat, under the same experimental conditions, they showed a similar performance in retention times and adsorption capacities, making them competitive ones for the desulphurization process of the natural gas

Estudo do desempenho de resinas poliméricas para remoção de H2S do gás natural

The natural gas (NG) is a clean energy source and found in the underground of porous rocks, associated or not to oil. Its basic composition includes methane, ethane, propane and other components, like carbon dioxide, nitrogen, hydrogen sulphide and water. H2S is one of the natural pollutants of the natural gas. It is considered critical concerning corrosion. Its presence depends on origin, as well as of the process used in the gas treatment. It can cause problems in the tubing materials and final applications of the NG. The Agência Nacional do Petróleo sets out that the maximum concentration of H2S in the natural gas, originally national or imported, commercialized in Brazil must contain 10 -15 mg/cm3. In the Processing Units of Natural Gas, there are used different methods in the removal of H2S, for instance, adsorption towers filled with activated coal, zeolites and sulfatreat (solid, dry, granular and based on iron oxide). In this work, ion exchange resins were used as adsorbing materials. The resins were characterized by thermo gravimetric analysis, infrared spectroscopy and sweeping electronic microscopy. The adsorption tests were performed in a system linked to a gas-powered chromatograph. The present H2S in the exit of this system was monitored by a photometrical detector of pulsing flame. The electronic microscopy analyzes showed that the topography and morphology of the resins favor the adsorption process. Some characteristics were found such as, macro behavior, particles of variable sizes, spherical geometries, without the visualization of any pores in the surface. The infrared specters presented the main frequencies of vibration associated to the functional group of the amines and polymeric matrixes. When the resins are compared with sulfatreat, under the same experimental conditions, they showed a similar performance in retention times and adsorption capacities, making them competitive ones for the desulphurization process of the natural gas

Síntese, caracterização e estudo fotofísico de complexos de 4,4- diaminoestilbeno-2,2-dissulfonato com íons lantanídeos

This is a work involving fundamental studies of chemistry where the synthesis and structural characterization, as well as a possible future application of these new compounds as luminescent sensors or sunscreen agents, complexes with 4,4 diaminostilbene-2,2-disulfonic (DSD) and trivalent lanthanide ions La3+, Nd3+, Eu3+, Gd3+ and Yb3+, were synthesized in the ratio of 3 mmol: 1 mmol (DSD: lanthanides). The complexes obtained with these ions were present in powder form and were characterized by complexometric titration with EDTA CHN Elemental analysis, molecular absorption spectroscopy in the ultraviolet region, the absorption spectroscopy in the infrared, thermal analysis (TG / DTG), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance - NMR 1H and Luminescence Spectroscopy. The complexometric titration and CHN analysis, confirmed the TG / DTG which suggest that these complexes have the following general chemical formulas: [La2(C14H12S2O6N2)2(H2O)2Cl2].7H2O,[Nd2(C14H12S2O6N2)2(H2O)2Cl2].6H2O,[Eu2(C14 H12S2O6N2)2(H2O)2Cl2].7H2O,[Gd2(C14H12S2O6N2)2(H2O)2Cl2].4H2O e [Yb2(C14H12S2O6N2)2(H2O)2].6H2O. The disappearance of the bands in the infrared spectrum at 2921 cm-1 and 2623 cm-1 and the displacement of the bands in the spectra of the amine complex indicate that the lanthanide ion is coordinated to the oxygen atoms and the sulfonate groups of the nitrogens amines, suggesting the formation of the dimer. The disappearance of the signal and the displacement signal SO3H amines in the 1H NMR spectrum of this complex are also indicative coordination and dimer formation. The Thermogravimetry indicates that the DSD is thermally stable in the range of 40º to 385°C and their complexes with lanthanide ions exhibit weight loss between 4 and 5 stages. The Uv-visible spectra indicated that the DSD and complexes exhibit cis isomers. The analysis of luminescence indicates that the complexes do not exhibit emission in the region of the lanthanides but an intense emission part of the binder. This is related to the triplet states of the ligand, which are in the lowest energy state emitting lanthanide ions, and also the formation of the dimer that suppress the luminescence of ion Eu3+. The formation of dimer was also confirmed by calculating the europium complex structure using the model Hamiltonian PM6 and Sparkle

Obtenção de polímeros graftizados de quitosana e estudo das propriedades físico-químicas para aplicação na indústria do petróleo

Chitosan is a biopolymer derived from the shells of crustaceans, biodegradable, inexpensive and renewable with important physical and chemical properties. Moreover, the different modifications possible in its chemical structure generate new properties, making it an attractive polysaccharide owing to its range of potential applications. Polymers have been used in oil production operations. However, growing concern over environmental constraints has prompted oil industry to search for environmentally sustainable materials. As such, this study sought to obtain chitosan derivatives grafted with hydrophilic (poly(ethylene glycol), mPEG) and/or hydrophobic groups (n-dodecyl) via a simple (one-pot) method and evaluate their physicochemical properties as a function of varying pH using rheology, small-angle Xray scattering (SAXS), dynamic light scattering (DLS) and zeta potential. The chitosan derivatives were prepared using reductive alkylation under mild reaction conditions and the chemical structure of the polymers was characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) and CHN elemental analysis. Considering a constant mPEG/Chitosan molar ratio on modification of chitosan, the solubility of the polymer across a wide pH range (acidic, neutral and basic) could only be improved when some of the amino groups were submitted to reacetylation using the one-pot method. Under these conditions, solubility is maintained even with the simultaneous insertion of n-dodecyl. On the other hand, the solubility of derivatives obtained only through mPEG incorporation using the traditional methodology, or with the ndodecyl group, was similar to that of its precursor. The hydrophilic group promoted decreased viscosity of the polymer solutions at 10 g/L in acid medium. However, at basic pH, both viscosity and thermal stability increased, as well as exhibited a pronounced pseudoplastic behavior, suggesting strong intermolecular associations in the alkaline medium. The SAXS results showed a polyelectrolyte behavior with the decrease in pH for the polymer systems. DLS analyses revealed that although the dilute polymer solutions at 1 g/L and pH 3 exhibited a high density of protonated amino groups along the polymer chain, the high degree of charge contributed significantly to aggregation, promoting increased particle size with the decrease in pH. Furthermore, the hydrophobic group also contributed to increasing the size of aggregates in solution at pH 3, whereas the hydrophilic group helped reduce their size across the entire pH range. Nevertheless, the nature of aggregation was dependent on the pH of the medium. Zeta potential results indicated that its values do not depend solely on the surface charge of the particle, but are also dependent on the net charge of the medium. In this study, water soluble associative polymers exhibit properties that can be of great interest in the petroleum industry

Tontura em idosos institucionalizados da cidade do NATAL/RN: Um estudo caso-controle em vestibulopatas e não-vestibulopatas

the institutionalized elderly presents for being more fragile a lot of body balance s changes, which can induce falls and health frailty. One of the consequences of it is the appearance of dizziness, vestibular or not. This study aims to identify the risk factors related to dizziness in institutionalized elderly, with and without vestibular disorders, in the city of Natal-RN. Method: a case-control study realized in 12 regulated by Health Surveillance Long Term Care Institutions for the elderly in Natal-RN. Elected seniors with good cognitive level and able to walk, totaling 115 individuals, and of these, 102 were selected according to the presence of dizziness in the last year (n = 51) and their controls (n = 51), paired by sex and age. The 51 elderly patients with dizziness were divided into 3 groups case: case one, for elderly with dizziness and without vestibulopathy (n=38); case two, for elderly with dizziness and vestibulopathy (n=13) and case three, for all the seniors with dizziness, or added to the case 1 case 2 (n=51). The 51 seniors who served as controls were also divided into three groups, according to the number of individuals of each case: control 1, n = 38, control 2, n = 13 control and 3 (sum of 1 control with control 2), n = 51. As possible risk factors were analyzed variables related to characteristics of the institution, to the habits of life of older people and those concerned with the health of the elderly. For statistical analysis, we used the chi-square or Fisher exact test for a significance level of 5% and calculating the association magnitude between variables by measuring the Odds Ratio. Results: as risk factors for dizziness without vestibular disorders were found the presence of hypertension and cardiovascular disease, as well as the presence of three or more disorders for elderly and use of gastric protector drugs. For the elderly group from case two were found no associated risk factor. For elderly patients with dizziness in the case group three, we observed the same risk factors found for the elderly in the case group one, plus the presence of osteoarthritis pathology, which was also significant for this group. Conclusion: dizziness in institutionalized elderly is associated with systemic common diseases in this age group and the vestibulopathy presents itself as pathology on an isolated way, not being possible, with our data, associate it with non-risk factors