Alinhamento estrat��gico da TI: o caso da UFRN

It is considered that the Strategic Alignment IT is the first step within the IT Governance process for any institution. Taking as initial point the recognition that the governance corporate has an overall view of the organizations, the IT Governance takes place as a sub-set responsible for the implementation of the organization strategies in what concerns the provision of the necessary tools for the achievement of the goals set in the Institutional Development Plan. In order to do so, COBIT specifies that such Governance shall be built on the following principles: Strategic Alignment, Value Delivery, Risk Management, Performance Measurement. This paper aims at the Strategic Alignment, considered by the authors as the foundation for the development of the entire IT Governance core. By deepening the technical knowledge of the management system development, UFRN has made a decisive step towards the technical empowerment needed to the ���Value Delivery���, yet, by perusing the primarily set processes to the ���Strategic Alignment���, gaps that limited the IT strategic view in the implementation of the organizational goals were found. In the qualitative study that used documentary research with content analysis and interviews with the strategic and tactical managers, the view on the role of SINFO ��� Superintend��ncia de Inform��tica was mapped. The documentary research was done on public documents present on the institutional site and on TCU ��� Tribunal de Contas da Uni��o ��� documents that map the IT Governance profiles on the federal public service as a whole. As a means to obtain the documentary research results equalization, questionnaires/interviews and iGovTI indexes, quantitative tools to the standardization of the results were used, always bearing in mind the usage of the same scale elements present in the TCU analysis. This being said, similarly to what the TCU study through the IGovTI index provides, this paper advocates a particular index to the study area ��� SA (Strategic Alignment), calculated from the representative variables of the COBIT 4.1 domains and having the representative variables of the Strategic Alignment primary process as components. As a result, an intermediate index among the values in two adjacent surveys done by TCU in the years of 2010 and 2012 was found, which reflects the attitude and view of managers towards the IT governance: still linked to Data Processing in which a department performs its tasks according to the demand of the various departments or sectors, although there is a commission that discusses the issues related to infrastructure acquisition and systems development. With an Operational view rather than Strategic/Managerial and low attachment to the tools consecrated by the market, several processes are not contemplated in the framework COBIT defined set; this is mainly due to the inexistence of a formal strategic plan for IT; hence, the partial congruency between the organization goals and the IT goals.

Avalia����o do acesso aos serviços de reabilita����o f��sica para v��timas de acidentes de tr��nsito: caminhos para melhoria da qualidade do sistema de sa��de

The Physical Rehabilitation services (PR) are of fundamental importance in combating the global epidemic of Traffic Accidents (TA). Considering the numerous physical and social consequences of the survivors, quality problems in access to PR are a hazard to recovery of victims. It is necessary to improve the management of quality of services, assessing priority dimensions and intervening in their causes, to ensure rehabilitation available in time and suitable conditions. This study aimed to identify barriers to access to rehabilitation considering the perception of TA victims and professionals. The aim is also to estimate the access to rehabilitation and their associated factors. This is a qualitative and quantitative study of exploratory nature developed in Natal / RN with semi-structured interviews with 19 health professionals and telephone survey to 155 victims of traffic accidents. To explore barriers to access the speeches were transcribed and analyzed using the Alceste software (version 4.9). During the interviews used the following guiding question: ���What barriers hinder or prevent access to physical rehabilitation for victims of traffic accidents?���. The names of classes and axes resulting from Alceste was performed by ad hoc query to three external researchers with subsequent consensus of the most representative name of analysis. We conducted multivariate analysis of the influence of the variables of the accident, sociodemographic, clinical and assistance on access to rehabilitation. Associations with p <0.20 in the bivariate analysis were submitted to logistic regression, step by step, with p <0.05 and confidence interval (CI) of 95%. The main barriers identified were: ���Bureaucratic regulation���, ���Long time to start rehabilitation���, ���No post-surgery referral��� and ���inefficiency of public services���. These barriers were divided into a theoretical model built from the cause-effect diagram, in which we observed that insufficient access to rehabilitation is the product of causes related to organizational structure, work processes, professional and patients. Was constructed two logistic regression models: ���General access to rehabilitation��� and ���Access to rehabilitation to public service���. 51.6% of patients had access to rehabilitation, and 32.9% in public and 17.9% in the private sector. The regression model ���General access to rehabilitation��� included the variables Income (OR:3.7), Informal Employment (OR:0.11), Unemployment (OR:0.15), Perceived Need for PR (OR:10) and Referral (OR: 27.5). The model ���Access to rehabilitation in the public service��� was represented by the ���Referral to Public Service��� (OR: 23.0) and ���Private Health Plan��� (OR: 0.07). Despite the known influence of social determinants on access to health services, a situation difficult to control by the public administration, this study found that the organizational and bureaucratic procedures established in health care greatly determine access to rehabilitation. Access difficulties show the seriousness of the problem and the factors suggest the need for improvements in comprehensive care for TA survivors and avoid unnecessary prolongation of the suffering of the victims of this epidemic.

Condi����es de trabalho e sa��de ps��quica de servidores t��cnico-administrativos da UFRN

Unfavorable working conditions constitute one of the factors that may contribute to cause psychic suffering and behavioral disorders in workers. This research aimed to characterize the working conditions public servant technical- administrative , specifically the auxiliaries and assistants in administration of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte ��� UFRN, Natal, Brasil, as well to identify the incidence of psychic suffering in this group of public servants. As a strategy, we chose a case study of multi-method type, descriptive with quantitative and qualitative sequential steps. For this, it initially performed desk research by surveying epidemiological data for these public servants working in central campus, to identify the major diseases presented in the period from January 2011 to June 2014. Then, we proceeded to diagnostic step of the aspects related to work, by applying online and in loco of Working Conditions Survey (already validated by Borges et al., 2013a) in 11 sectors selected according to the following criteria: high number of workers public servants and major and minor percentage of absences for health care for ICD-F (according to records of Sector of Workers Health Care - DAS). In the treatment of the data the spreadsheet editor software Microsoft Office Excel and statistical SPSS Statistical Package for Social Sciences were used and made qualifying type of content analysis of open questions. Applied to this study 174 public servants and the results show a predominance of absenteeism due to mental or behavioral disorders (ICD F), musculoskeletal diseases (ICD M) and respiratory system (ICD J). Among the factors that were significant are the working hours (contractual and legal); Physical Effort (M = 2.59) and workspace (M = 2.58) - physical and material conditions; encouraging collaboration (M = 3.5) - processes and characteristics of the work; and participation (M = 1.78) - social-management environment. Therefore, it infers the existence of a relationship between these factors and some of the reasons for absenteeism reported by participants. It is suggested the expansion of this research with studies involving other professionals (including scholarship workers and contractors) and specific sectors.

Conselho Municipal de Sa��de de Pedras de Fogo - PB: um estudo sobre participa����o

The present study aims to understand the process of Participation of the Health Council- CMS in the formularization, implementation and control of the Municipal health plan of Pedras de Fogo, through four criteria of quality of participation considered by Demo (1993): representation, legitimacy, base participation, and self-responsibility. The criteria of representation is related to the quality of politics of the representative over the representings. Legitimacy is related to the politics` quality of the process of participation based on norms and rules that stipulate the participation, the base participation is a necessary political support so that the power authorization directed to the representings can be effective and the self-responsibility refers to the capacity of being responsible when it concerns to the public service or property. Through the descriptive and exploratory study a qualitative method was adopted to consider the conditions of the participation of the twelve council members of the City council of Health of Pedras de Fogo, through a formulated Instrument based on the criteria of DEMO (1993). It was concluded that the quality of the participation of the council members of the CMS of Pedras de Fogo understands essential aspects of the criteria of quality considered by Demo (1993) but it shows fragilities as unfamiliarity with the norms that legitimize the performance of the council; unfamiliarity of its condition of being an agent and the importance of the participation of the base for the reinforcement of its participation, as well as inertia related to the check and rendering of accounts on its performance. This way it makes sense that the participation of the council in the four criteria of quality of politics considered in this paper needs to improve

Fatores determinantes da decis��o sobre a pr��tica da cesariana em Natal-RN

O objetivo deste estudo �� analisar os fatores que contribu��ram para as diferentes decis��es para o parto ces��reo e a ligadura de trompas entre as mulheres de 18 a 45 anos de idade no Munic��pio de Natal, no Nordeste do Brasil, no ano de 2000. Tratou-se de um estudo longitudinal, originado da base de dados de um Estudo Multic��ntrico, envolvendo outras localidades do Brasil, composta de mulheres em idade f��rtil que procuraram o serviço público ou privado. Foram realizadas tr��s entrevistas: no in��cio da gesta����o, no m��s anterior �� data prov��vel do parto e at�� um m��s ap��s o parto, perfazendo um total de 433 entrevistas, sendo finalizada com uma amostra de 269 mulheres. O estudo satisfez a um crit��rio de elegibilidade, abrangendo uma amostra das mulheres de 18 a 40 anos de idade, que residiam em Natal e que estavam gr��vidas no m��ximo, na 22a semana de gesta����o, e procuraram o serviço público ou privado para a realiza����o do pr��-natal. N��o entraram no estudo, aquelas mulheres que faziam um acompanhamento em ambulat��rios especiais (hipertens��o ou diabetes gestacional, HIV/AIDS). A an��lise consistiu, primeiramente, num estudo descritivo, seguido de uma discuss��o sobre a trajet��ria do desejo �� realiza����o do parto e testou-se a signific��ncia estat��stica dos partos com vari��veis socioecon��micas. Sequencialmente adotou-se uma an��lise bivariada centrada nos testes de associa����o, onde foi considerada a vari��vel tipo de parto como sendo a vari��vel resposta e as demais vari��veis, relacionadas �� condi����o s��ciodemogr��fica e a sa��de reprodutiva da mulher, como sendo as vari��veis de risco ou independentes. Para o c��lculo da raz��o de chance (OR), foi utilizado o modelo de regress��o log��stica m��ltipla. Das 269 mulheres entrevistadas, 56,0% foram submetidas ao parto normal. Este tipo de parto foi desejado independente da categoria, por 71% das entrevistadas. Os resultados mostraram como fatores determinantes para ces��rea, o serviço ser privado (OR = 5,6), a mulher ter idade acima de 20 anos (OR=2,87), ser prim��para (OR=4,56) e a realiza����o de ligadura de trompas (OR=12,94). Independente da parturi����o, 84% das mulheres do serviço público foram submetidas a um parto normal, enquanto que, 74% das prim��paras do serviço privado, fizeram uma ces��rea. Os resultados sinalizam um distanciamento efetivo entre o desejo por um tipo de parto e a sua realiza����o, quando os fatores considerados, n��o foram somente t��cnicos, podendo, tamb��m, refletir a falta de pr��tica do parto normal, pelo obstetra e a necessidade de uma maior consci��ncia ��tica nos procedimentos obst��tricos, de modo a favorecer uma maior abertura na participa����o da gestante na escolha pelo tipo de parto

Forma����o em odontologia: um estudo sobre as cl��nicas integradas em cursos do Brasil

Dental education is going through important changes in preparing workers to meet the needs of the society and the labor market. For that reason, we studied the offering of comprehensive dental care clinics in Brazil with the aim of encouraging future curriculum changes focused on the training of general dental practitioners. An email questionnaire on educational organization and comprehensive care clinics of undergraduate programs was sent to each academic dental affairs dean. Sixty-seven (41.6%) dental schools agreed to participate. We observed that curriculum changes have contributed to modify the format of comprehensive care clinics. This was felt mainly (88,1%) with regards to workload and course offerings in different levels of the dental curriculum, thereby creating a favorable environment for generalist training. Most schools shared the following characteristics: clinical procedures were being prioritized according to level of complexity (95,5%), students were having the chance to attend courses in other programs (37,3%), and attempt to diversify teaching methods was being challenged (58,2%). Although progress in combining teaching and clinical services was reported by 83,6% of schools, most clinical procedures were still being performed intramurally (50,7%) in partnership with public service. There was also improvement in clinical mentorship due to the hiring of instructors qualified to work in comprehensive care clinics and with aptitude to supervise a wider range of dental procedures (58,2%). Further changes to Brazilian comprehensive care clinics should hence be encouraged and intensified to ensure appropriate generalist training for dental practitioners

A propaganda de medicamentos voltados �� cl��nica obst��trica e/ou ginecol��gica e sua influ��ncia sobre a prescri����o

INTRODUCTION: Drug advertisement stimulates self-medication and irrational use of medicines, especially when it starts to interfere in the prescription. Monitoring advertisements, as well as the observation of its influence on health professionals, prescriptions become necessary because of this public health problem. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this work was to analyze drug advertisements directed to gynecologists and/or obstetricians doctors relating them to the current legislation as well as its influence on prescription. METHODOLOGY: The sample was composed of drug advertisements divulged to the gynecologists and / or obstetricians doctors and was analyzed according to RDC96/2008. To evaluate the influence of advertisement on prescription, a questionnaire was administered to gynecologists / obstetricians doctors and prescriptions of a public maternity were also evaluated. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Concerning the advertisements analyzed, 48% complied fully with current legislation and 52% of the advertisements analyzed were in accordance to the RDC No. 96/2008 in most of the items evaluated. The doctors interviewed are used to receive the visits of propagandists, even in the public service, receiving gifts offered by the industry and believe that medicine advertisement tries to influence prescribing. Many of them use the material provided by the propagandist as a source for their prescription, although they present a critical view about them information. The use of trade name / mark on the prescription is a common practice among the doctors interviewed, even in the public service, suggesting there is an influence of medicine advertisement on the prescription

O direito social fundamental de acesso �� energia el��trica e a atua����o estatal

Electrical energy today is an essential element in the life of any human being. Through the access to electrical energy it is possible to enjoy dignified conditions of life, having in mind the possibility of making use of minimal material conditions of life. The lack of access to electricity is directly linked to poverty and degrading conditions of life, in which are some communities in Brazil, especially the more isolated from urban centers. Access to the electric service is a determining factor for the preservation of human dignity, constitutional principle inscribe in the art.1 of the Federal Constitution, and the promotion of development, being a right of everyone and a duty of the State to promote universal access. For that reason, focuses mainly on the analysis of their setting as a fundamental social right and its importance for national development. For this, the theoretical and descriptive method was used, with normative and literary analysis, in particular the Constitution of 1988. This study also discusses the form of action of the State in the energy sector, to give effect to the fundamental social right of access to electricity, the characteristics of public service and the principles that guide it, in addition to the role of public policies in universalization of access, in particular the analysis of the Program Luz para Todos, and the function of regulation in the implementation of these policies and the provision of adequate public services.

O munic��pio brasileiro e o direito fundamental do acesso �� justi��a: a presta����o da assist��ncia jur��dica municipal ao necessitado

This scholarly work aims to investigate the feasibility and constitutionality of access to justice through the provision of full and free legal assistance by the Brazilian municipalities. Investigates the historical aspects of federalism in a global context, emphasizing the contributions left by American federalism. In the Brazilian context, emphasizing the importance of municipalities as federal entities and their outstanding characteristics, while addressing regional issues of federalism. Leanings to the more detailed analysis of the Brazilian municipalities, contextualizing its legal status, its independence and its constitutional powers. It is emphasized in the same way, the relevant transformations of Brazilian municipalities over the last twenty years of this Constitution of the Federative Republic of Brazil in 1988, especially the various constitutional amendments that affected the local autonomy and budgetary aspects, fiscal and skills, bringing significant changes to the municipalities. It is an approach to the concept of justice and deepening the studies on the fundamental right of access to justice in its various connotations. In this vein, it is a study on the legal advice provided in Brazil, especially the powers of the Public Defender of the States and Union, as well as the provision of such public service by Brazilian municipalities and its relevance to citizens in need. At this point, it deepens the relevance of the theme of this dissertation earning the implications of municipal performance in the provision of legal assistance provided to the needy, and the activity of the Municipal Attorney or legal counsel in conducting such a task and its implications for legal and procedural especially on the constitutionality or otherwise of the conduct of such public service, confronting the constitutional articles that are correlated with the subject. Within this context, evaluates the municipal legal assistance under the test of constitutionality, in particular the assistance given by the Executive, through the Municipal Attorney or specialized secretariats and that provided by the Legislature, although it only has the typical functions of legislating and control the municipal accounts, comes in a few municipalities in Brazil deploying sectors with the performance of legal services to the needy. At this point the thesis, one wonders if some important aspects of this activity such as political influence and patronage, very common in day-to-day municipal prosecutors and legal advisers, public employees or occupying commissioned positions within the municipal administrative structure in several municipalities throughout Brazil. Finally, there will be a conclusion as to the constitutionality of the service being done by presenting proposals and recommendations that may improve the municipal legal aid, allowing a constitutional backing to this important service is being provided in capital cities and municipalities throughout the length of Brazil

Defensoria p��blica e sua legitimidade �� tutela jur��dica dos direitos humanos

The realization of human rights is a prerequisite to the development of peoples, this requires legal mechanisms and techniques to its consistent and effective promotion, protection and fulfillment. So, agree that there is an institution or public agency created for the purpose of protecting those who suffer most in the face of human rights violations: the needy. In Brazil, among other institutions and public agencies, the responsibility of the Public Defender to promote the protection of human rights. The constitutional system recognizes the institution in its essence the role of the state court, whose duty is to provide guidance and legal defense of the needy. The legal system as a whole sufraga the relevance of the Ombudsman as a mainspring of human rights. In the prison system, with the ultimate regulatory changes, such as Law 12.313 of 2010 which introduced changes to the Law 7.210 of 1984, the institution must ensure the correct and humane enforcement of sentences and the security measures pertaining to the needy. With the Complementary Law 132 of 2009, to systematize other duties of the Public Defender, highlighting their contribution to the movement of access to justice. Within the OAS, to adopt Resolution 2656, 2011, characterizing, with ruler and compass, the relevance of the Ombudsman access to justice and protection of human rights. In this step, the present study concerns the role of Defender in the legal protection of human rights, through monographic and deductive methods, as there remains a technical and theoretical connection between these two points themed legal phenomenon, since the rights humans, especially after the second half of the twentieth century, form the basis of the legal system of the major Western nations in the world. This led, therefore, the emergence of technical and legal institutions aimed at realizing human rights. This applies to the Defender. Access to justice and public service provision of legal assistance are human rights, therefore, essential to humans and necessary for social inclusion. Countries such as Brazil, marked by social inequality, depend on the structuring of institutions like the Defender, designed to promote citizenship to the Brazilian people

A constitucionaliza����o da solu����o pac��fica de conflitos na ordem jur��dica de 1988

In the Brazilian legal context, conflict resolution is studied and analyzed over a majority jurisdictional view, which is one of the reasons of litigation culture that creates a jurisdictional resolution hopeness. The practical impact of such reality is the loss of quality in the public service of the judicial function, moved, as a rule, by the overcrowdings, slowness of legal procedures and the relegation of peaceful resolution methods to peripheral plan. However, the Federal Constitution of 1988, following the Ordinary Law constitutionalization phenomenon provides specific guidance about the values towards the litigation resolution. The study, therefore, aims to approach the constitutionalization of conflict resolution in order to identify, through scientific and spiritual interpretation in conjunction with the systematic paradigm, what are these values, as well as operation and legal representation and practice of these measurements. In this sense, the thesis is to study the initial point of the analysis of conflict theories and explanations about the culture of litigation matched with concepts of creation and interpretation, constitutionalization, access to justice and social pacification public policies. It is used for this purpose, the logical-deductive method with the aid of the dialectic immanent in Law

Utiliza����o do Balanced Scorecard na gest��o p��blica : um estudo de caso na Pol��cia Militar do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte

This dissertation deals with the use of the Balanced Scorecard (BSC) in the Military Police of Rio Grande do Norte (PMRN), an organization of service delivery in the area of public safety. For this purpose we sought refuge in the company's own documents, which presented the mission, vision and strategic objectives, which are items essential to the development of the instrument and its prospects. With the general objective of developing the BSC to PMRN, fitting into the methodology in a single case study, that from the desk study and according to their development, we established the classification of goals to the generic models and the BSC then adjusted according to public understanding of the corporation presented by professionals in the process of collection and in-depth interviews. Thus emerged the strategy map PMRN, based on the presentation of the causes and effects between the strategic objectives of each perspective, the value proposition to customers, internal processes needed to meet this value proposition and intangible assets, which are the basis to execute these processes

O m��dico diante da morte na urg��ncia e emerg��ncia:reflex��es sobre o ser m��dico

The literature pointed that the way which people deal with death have been changing along centuries, and nowadays what is realized it is that, each time more, the human being have difficulties to deal with death. Due to the fact that the main function of the physician is to save their patients lives; responsibility that is aggravated by the necessity of to take decisions quickly, once he need to deal with the unexpected situations of the urgency and emergency, many times these professional have to face of impotency and fail situations, when he lose a patient. The main goal of this study was to understand the experience of physicians that work in the urgency and emergency, in front of death. These questioning it justified by the fact of the physicians do not have, many times, a space to express their suffering and anguish about the issues related to death in their work routine, despite lifedeath question to be often present their everyday. It is still possible to verify in the literature, an appointment of the necessity of to include in the curriculum of Medicine courses, subjects that approach such questions. The method used was based on the existential-phenomenological perspective, using as instrument the participant observation, to the intent of understand the routine in the urgency and emergency context, and semi-structured interview. It was interviewed six physicians that work in the urgency and emergency of the most important hospital of public health system of Natal-RN. The results showed that the physicians reported pleasure in work in the urgency and emergency, despite of they presented stress and the difficulties that they deal with in the public system. Despite of the fact that the death to be considered as a phenomenon that make part of the physician s routine, sometimes, deals with these one is more difficult. Many times losses generate an impotency and guilty feeling, as well as questionings about their performance during the attempts to save lives. We verified, from this study, the importance of the existence of some kind of intervention in the emergency, in order to the physicians can elaborate the questions about death and die emerged in their work. We consider yet that this study corroborates and reiterates the discussions concerning the importance of this thematic to be approached in a more effective way, during the academic formation of these professionals, as well as, the importance of a larger investment from the part of Government in the urgency and emergency sector, in order to propitiate to these professionals a work that brings less harmful for their health

Preval��ncia e fatores associados �� morbidade materna: inqu��rito populacional em Natal/RN

INTRODUCTION: Severe maternal morbidity , also known as maternal near miss , has been used as an alternative to the study of maternal mortality , since being more frequent shares the same determinants and enables the implementati on of epidem iological surveillance of cases . Since then, hospital audits ha ve been carried out to determine the rates of maternal near miss, its mai n causes and associated factors . More recently, population surveys based on self - reported morbidity have als o been presented as vi able in identifying these cases . OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and associated factors of maternal near miss and complications during pregnancy and puerperal period in Natal/RN. METHODS: A cross - secti onal population - based study was conducted in Natal /RN , Brazil, which has as its target population women aged 15 to 49 years who were pregnant in the last five years. It was carried out a probabilistic sam pling design based on a multi - stage complex sample , in which 60 census tracts were selected from three strata (north , south - east and west). Afterwards, domiciles were visited in order to obtain a sample of the 908 eligible women in whom a questionnaire was applied. The descriptive analyzes and bivariate ass ociations were performed using the Chi - square test and the estimate of the prevalence ratio (PR ) with 95% confidence interval (CI) and considering the weights and design effects . The Poisson regression analysis , also with 5% significance and 95% CI, was us ed for analyzes of associated factors. RESULTS: 848 women were identified and interviewed after visits in 8.227 households corresponding to a response rate of 93 . 4 %. The prevalence of maternal near miss was 41 . 1 /1 000NV, being the Intensive Care Unity stay i ng (19 . 1 /1 000 LB ) and eclampsia (13 . 5/1000LB) the most important marker s . The prevalence of complications in the puerperal peri od was 21 . 2 %, and hemorrhage (10 . 7%) and urinary tract infection (10 . 7%) the most frequently reported clinical conditions and rema in ing in the hospital for over a week after delivery the mo st frequent intervention (5.4%) . Regarding associated factors , the bivariate analysis showed an association between the increased number of complications in women of black/brown race ( PR= 1 . 23; CI95 % : 1 . 04 - 1 . 46) and lower socioeconomic status ( PR= 1 . 33; CI95%: 1 . 12 - 1 . 58) in women who had pre natal care in public service ( PR= 1 . 42; CI95%: 1 . 16 to 1 . 72 ) and that were not advised during prenatal about where they should do the d elivery (PR= 1 . 24; CI95%: 1 . 05 - 1 . 46), made the del ivery in the public service (PR= 1 . 63; CI95%: 1 . 30 - 2 . 03), had to search for more than one hospital for delivery (PR=1 . 22; CI95%: 1 . 03 - 1 . 45) and had no companion during childbirth ( PR =1 . 19; CI95%: 1 . 01 - 1 . 41) or at all times of childbirth c are - before, during and after childbirth - ( PR= 1 . 25, CI95%: 1 . 05 - 1 . 48) . Moreover, the number of days postpartum hospitalization was higher in women who had more complications (P R= 1 . 59 ; CI95%: 1 . 36 - 1 . 86). In the final regression model for both birth place (P R= 1 . 21 ; CI 95% : 1 . 02 to 1 . 44 ) and socioeconomic status (PR = 1.54 ; CI95%: 1 . 25 - 1 . 90 ) the association remained. CONCLUSION : Conducting population surveys using the pragmatic definition of near miss is feasible and may add importa nt information about this ev ent . It was possible to find the expression of health inequalities related to maternal health in the analysis of both socioeconomic conditions and on the utilization of health services.

Imunidade rec��proca e livre concorr��ncia: considera����es acerca de sua frui����o por empresas estatais

This study begins with a brief overview of tax immu nities in general, dealing with the concept, legal, doctrinal ratings and limits. Then enters into the reciprocal immunity, since its birth in the United States, its justifica tions, until her current developments in the Brazilian Supreme Court, which has expanded it quite considerably. That Court has extended to state owned enterprises, even if pa id by public prices or rates, or if acts somewhat away from its essential functions, es pecially if they are public services provider. Given this linkage, these are also treate d in own topic, grounded in newer doctrinal proposals and less attached to historical formalisms (see such Supremacy of Public Interest over Private one). Public services are approached in its diversity, oblivious to traditional monolithic nature and accu stomed to the modern doctrine of fundamental human rights. It deals also the princip les of free enterprise and free competition, given that the public service provider s have lived intensely in this environment, be they public or private agents. In d ialectical topic, these institutes are placed in joint discussion, all in an attempt to in vestigate their interactions and propose criteria less generic and removed from real ity, to assess the legitimacy of the mutual enjoyment of immunity by certain agents. Sev eral cases of the Court are analyzed individually, checking in each one the app lication of the proposed criteria, such logical-deductive activity and theory of pract ice approach. At the end, the conclusions refer to a reciprocal immunity less rhe torical and ideological and more pragmatic and consequentialist. It is proposed the end to the general rules or abstract formulas of subsumption, with concerns on the one h and the actual maintenance of the federal pact, and on the other by a solid econo mic order without inapt advantages to certain players, which flatly contradicts the co nstitutional premises.