35 resultados para social changes
em Repositório digital da Fundação Getúlio Vargas - FGV
Resumo:
We have never talked so much about Human Capital and how important is to invest in development and training in the enterprises. We also have never seen so much merger and acquisions among foreign and Brazilian enterprise, in all the business areas. In consequence of this, was never so important to review the Training Professional role in that structure. The aim of this dissertation is to evaluate the educator role of Training Professional within enterprises as responsible for the Human Capital training in the process of technological, economic and social changes and also to wake up that Professionals about need of their own training need in order to reach the best didactical and technical qualification, otherwise they will not have success in their job. In the same purpose we will approach how the workers of community knowledge have to apply in this process change and how the entrepreneurs must to manage the Human Been development in order to keep their enterprises profitable. We will use the bibliographical reference to understand the Human Capital in the knowledge community. We will analyze the Pedagogical Prevailing (TRADITIONAL, NEW, TECHNIQUE, LIBERATOR) which has been applied in the enterprise¿s training as support to research showed in this job. At last, we will propose the application of PDCA (PLAN, DO, CHECK, ACTION) studied by Vicente Falconi Campos, as an evaluation instrument of Education and Training Program
Resumo:
O presente trabalho pretendeu analisar de que forma se originou a construção da chamada “natureza turística” da cidade de Petrópolis, através de uma perspectiva histórica. Como objetivo específico, pretendi descrever como se deu a organização da atividade turística no município, destacando as suas origens, buscando compreender e identificar as principais narrativas e imagens que sustentam essa construção cultural, destacando as suas origens entre os anos de 1900 e 1930. Com este fim, o trabalho apresenta as origens e evolução da cidade de Petrópolis desde os antecedentes de sua fundação no século XIX. Em seguida, trabalhei no sentido de desvendar as transformações sociais no ato de viajar, na perspectiva de compreender as origens e consolidação da atividade turística organizada no município. Finalmente, analisei algumas narrativas e imagens que representam a construção cultural da “natureza turística” de Petrópolis, tendo como referência as primeiras décadas do Século XX. O estudo foi realizado através de recurso a literatura técnico-científica existente e também de pesquisa documental e iconográfica que retratasse narrativas e imagens do turismo em Petrópolis no início de sua organização. Para isso, foram selecionados guias e revistas publicados entre os anos de 1900 e 1930.
Resumo:
Nos países democráticos a elaboração do orçamento público é uma das mais relevantes atribuições do Poder Legislativo. É através dele que se pode analisar o papel que desempenha como instrumento de transformação social e política, pois os números ali expressos mostram a radiografia do Estado e seu compromisso com a sociedade. No Brasil, a Constituição Federal de 1988 inaugurou um novo pacto federativo pela descentralização político-administrativa-fmanceira que restabeleceu prerrogativas aos estados e municípios tomando-os mais independentes e autônomos, desse modo, viabilizando o aumento das políticas públicas e sua maior inserção na vida social local. Este contexto possibilita o surgimento de novas formas de gerir as fmanças públicas pela participação da população local na definição dos investimentos governamentais através do chamado Orçamento Participativo - OP. A partir de 1988 uma experiência de participação popular na Prefeitura Municipal de Porto Alegre, RS, tomou possível discutir a alocação dos recursos públicos priorizando as necessidades apontadas pela população. A excelência dos resultados alcançados fez com que a Organização das Nações Unidas - ONU, recomendasse o OP como um instrumento de democratização das relações entre o Estado e a sociedade. Em 1995 é criado no município do Rio de Janeiro o Fórum do Popular do Orçamento com o objetivo de divulgar informações e aprofundar as discussões a respeito do orçamento público municipal. Em 2001 é sancionada a lei que dispõe sobre a utilização do OP pelo governo municipal. Sem regulamentação adequada, a lei não vem sendo aplicada. O presente trabalho procurou conhecer a opinião dos diversos atores envolvidos no processo de implantação do OP no Rio de Janeiro. Pode-se comprovar a impossibilidade da aplicação do instrumento de gestão pela falta de vontade política do Poder Executivo e pela insuficiente mobilização da sociedade.
Resumo:
Partindo do pressuposto de que os mitos sociais femininos participam da construção da identidade e da auto-estima da mulher, buscamos levantar questões pertinentes a estes aspectos. Consideramos, especificamente, neste trabalho uma etapa singular da vida da mulher, na qual ela se sente confinada ao universo doméstico, não mais desempenhando as funções femininas engendradas a partir do imaginário social. Observa-os que em alguns casos esta situação caracteriza um momento de crise, no qual a mulher, frequentemente perde a perspectiva do futuro, o que vai influenciar seu modo de “estar" e "atuar" no mundo, ficando ameaçados seu sentimento de identidade e auto-stima. Para uma melhor compreensão do mundo da mulher, incluimos um capitulo sobre algumas contribuições existentes nas diferentes disciplinas (Biologia, Sociologia, Antropologia, História e Psicologia), pois consideramos fundamental uma abordagem multidisciplinar para o estudo proposto. Ao longo do desenvolvimento deste tema, confirmamos a importância e pertinência deste estudo, principalmente neste momento de profundas transformações sociais. Por isso, justificamos a continuidade do nosso trabalho, sugerindo a realização de uma pesquisa empírica a fim de ampliar as colocações aqui feitas, além de contribuir para a práxis do psicólogo neste campo.
Resumo:
This article investigates the causes in the reduction of labor force participation of the old. We argue that the changes in social security policy, in technology and in demography may account for most of the changes in retirement over the second part of the last century in the U.S. economy. We develop a dynamic general equilibrium model with endogenous retirement that embeds social security legislation. The model is able to match very closely the increase in the retirement rate of males aged 65 and older. It also quanti es the isolated impact on retirement and on the solvency of the social security system of the di¤erent factors. The model suggests that technological and demographic changes had a strong in uence on retirement, so that it would have increased signi cantly even if the social security rules had not changed. However, as the latter became much more generous in the past, changes in social security policy can account not only for a sizeable part of the expansion of retirement, but also for the most of the observed increase in the social security expenses as a share of GDP.
Resumo:
Documento de pesquisa que aborda o perfil, a dimensão e a magnitude das organizações comunitárias de provisão social na França e nos Estados Unidos, relacionando suas formas de vinculação, dinâmicas e identidades em face da esfera governamental e da esfera privada capitalista, apontando: (i) tipos dominantes de atores e como funcionam seus quadros em relação ao Estado e aos interesses capitalistas no mercado; (ii) recursos mobilizados na interação com o poder político e poder econômico (Estado e empresas capitalistas) quando recebem doações: significado do trabalho voluntariado e das iniciativas de geração de ocupação e renda (associativismo/cooperativismo) e (iii) fins visados e valores expressos. São discutidas as formas de atuação de base, participação local em cada país e é analisada, comparativamente, a questão do significado desses agentes no quadro atual dos atuais sistemas de bem-estar (Welfare State) na sociedade civil norte-americana e francesa.
Resumo:
The present work aims to identify emerging organizational changes in the Court of Accounts of the State of Rio de Janeiro - TCE/RJ that are happening in the contemporary scenery known as the Age of Information. The search for the comprehension of the institutional dynamics is oriented by concepts originated from the theory of complexity, which believe that the public services external control system can be understood in a political, technical and legal environment with growing levels of learning and innovation. While chasing the possible causes of these changes, we try to prove the hypothesis that the TCE/RJ is turning into a more transparent organization. For this purpose, we define the outlines and reaches of the principle of transparency, based in bibliographical and documental researches, and analyze the phenomenon perceived in a explanation research through semi-structured interviews performed with two groups: a sample representing the universe under jurisdiction entities top level directors and the other obtained in the universe of formal and informal leaderships existing in the educational body of the institution. The conclusion of the present work confirms the initial questions, indicating that the organization is really becoming more and more transparent. The social-technical changes that are happening today at the TCE/RJ are caused by the growing social pressure for more effective results in the control of public expenditures. Under the systemic point of view, we observe cracks in the protective bell-glass that evolves the institution - previously hermetic to the external contingencies and that works today as a SAC - Adaptive Complex System. Aspects such as organization structural changes, the introduction of strategic planning and the growing democratization of the decision process are producing a new organizational culture. The seniority of the Technical Headcount contributes to establish the pre-conditions for the development of a administration where the participation of the TCE/RJ technical employees adds importance to its development as an institution that generates republican effects in the society from its less hermetic decision process.
Resumo:
The present work has as its basic purpose observing the principal administrative changes originated from the implementation of the Social Organization Project, inserted in the recent administrative reforms in Brazil, proposed from the Director Plan of the State Reform and approved by the National Congress in November of 1995. In the course of the text will be presented the main factors of the transformation from a bureaucratic public administration to a managerial public administration, specifically focusing the change from a Government Organization to a Social Organization. To reach the proposed objective, a case study of the Brazilian Association of Light Sincrotron Technology - ABTLuS, that represented the first Social Organization installed in Brazil, responsible for the management of the National Laboratory of Light Sincrotron - LNLS, under form of administration contract signed with Nationl Research Council - CNPq and Science and Technology Ministry - MCT. Initially, was developed the theoretical framework, based on the existent literature. Proceeding, field researches were realized in the cities of Campinas - SP, in Brasília - DF and in Rio de Janeiro - RJ. As a consequence of the accomplished work, it was possible to observe that the implementation of the SO administrative model brought more administrative flexibility for the qualified institution. This fact induced to gains of agility and efficiency, with more responsibilities, for the leaders as well as for the employees of ABTLuS. As for the other two important items consisted in the Director Plan, related with the cultural change (from bureaucratic to managerial) and with the social control (larger interaction in the relationship State-society), it is important to stand out the need of a larger time for evaluation, considering that the LNLS presents peculiar characteristics (subject approached in the work). The Social Organization ABTLuS counts with a little more than two years of administration contract, therefore the process is still in course.
Resumo:
o objetivo da dissertação é compreender a responsabilidade social das organizações, tomando-se como estudo de caso o Banco Central do Brasil. Para tanto, são analisados fatores que têm influenciado mudanças no posicionamento da organização frente a elementos concernentes à referida responsabilidade. O objetivo maior do estudo, desta forma, é aumentar o entendimento acerca do papel do Banco Central, as dimensões de sua responsabilidade social, tendo como referência a visão de seus integrantes.
Resumo:
Since the last decade of the past century and further, there have been increased, polemic discussions in Brazil that are also occurring simultaneously in the rest of the world: the sustainability of public pension systems. The Brazilian system, which is denominated as the General Regimen of Social Welfare and was established in a distribution regimen, is becoming a growing source of expenditures for the Federal Government and is contributing to the increasing of its fiscal deficit. This situation started to decline after the promulgation of the Federal Constitution in 1988, in which actions had been established reflecting the feeling of ¿social debt¿ existing in the country by that time after years of economic growth without yield redistribution. Thus, benevolent rules had been instituted that provided an assistancialist character to the program, making it unsustainable when it is seen by the internationally accepted premise of the pension system as social insurance with perpetual duration. In consequence, there was an explosive growth of the financial needs of the system reaching the equivalent of 1.63% of the Gross Domestic Product in 2005. In this sense, many arguments in favor of revision and reforms in the current model had solidified, resulting, in 1998, in some changes in the contribution rules of the diverse sectors of society, as well as in the concession of benefit rules. However, such changes had not obtained significant effects since the main source of the imbalance, which is essentially structural, was not attacked. Therefore, this research seeks to diagnose some of the most structural points in the current public pension system in Brazil and evaluate what can be done in terms of reforms to turn the program into balance again and in restore harmony with its conceptual objectives.
Resumo:
The crisis that affected the capitalist states during the last decade of the 20th century, put an end to the period of greatest expansion of the state, demanding alterations that brought, especially in economic terms, the ideals of the liberal state. The main goal of these changes was to optimize the administration of the public service by introducing into it more efficiency, transparency, and morality because the state had shown to be incapable of attending the demands of the society and its way of doing was inefficient and did not reach out to the public interest. In Brazil, like in other part of the world, recent scandals of corruption and misuse of public funds put in doubt the efficiency of the financial control system. Like any other political system Brazil has a complex set of external and internal control, institutions that work to prevent misuse of public funds and identify responsibilities if bad use occurred. All these elements highlight the mechanisms of control of the public administration, which came to be seen as essential instruments for the improvement of the management of the public resources, targeting the collective interest. Therefore, along with the traditional mechanisms of power suppression, such as the system of checks and balances, social control arises. This, when used together with the monitoring exercised by public inspection agencies, is defined as horizontal accountability activated by civil society, in which citizens and institutions gather efforts in order to promote a more effective charge of responsibility from public agents and politicians in case of misconducts. This study aimed to identify the opportunities and limitations of social control exercised by the complaint under the TCE-RJ. The results point to the need to develop measures to guarantee the anonymity of denouncers, to simplify the forms of access the TCE-RJ and to improve information spread to the citizen.
Resumo:
O objetivo da dissertação foi analisar o processo de desenvolvimento e a aplicação de ações sociais e trabalho voluntário, que demonstram a preocupação da empresa com o seu papel social, através de uma participação mais ativa, concreta e efetiva, influenciando na ocorrência das mudanças que a sociedade necessita. O foco do estudo foi analisar um dessas empresas, notadamente a Robert Bosch Limitada, de capital alemão, radicada no Brasil desde o início da década de 1950. Sendo considerada, mais especificamente, uma de suas unidades, localizada no Paraná desde 1975. A Bosch Curitiba, através da implementação de um programa de ação social baseado principalmente na educação e no desenvolvimento sustentável, pretendeu criar condições para que a comunidade de um bairro da periferia de Curitiba pudesse identificar oportunidades de desenvolvimento econômico e social. Esta dissertação é o resultado dessa discussão e se desenvolveu por meio de um programa de ação social que evidencia a importância da participação ativa da empresa na comunidade, baseada em projetos que evidenciam a educação como a essência para o desenvolvimento social. A Vila Verde, comunidade da periferia de Curitiba, foi escolhida pela empresa para implantar o programa de responsabilidade social (Peça por Peça). Nessa comunidade, o foco principal foram os membros da faixa etária de O a 18 anos. O programa, portanto, teve a participação de uma empresa, dos seus colaboradores, como voluntários, e das escolas da comunidade envolvida. A coleta dos dados deu-se por diferentes procedimentos: pesquisa bibliográfica, pesquisa documental, observação participante e entrevistas. Os dados qualitativos foram comparados, e foram apresentados em forma de relatório. Os dados quantitativos foram tabulados e avaliados, servindo de apoio e confirmação aos resultados apresentados pela análise dos dados quantitativos. A atuação do programa social, Peça por Peça, foi no sentido de sensibilizar, estimular e criar condições de conscientizar os envolvidos que as mudanças necessárias somente serão efetivas na medida em que aumentar o seu nível de comprometimento, ou seja, tomar-se uma população capaz de se organizar e de preservar e defender seus interesses e anseios, desenvolvendo seu papel natural do exercício da cidadania e de uma convivência social que assegure direitos básicos para qualquer processo e evolução de uma sociedade. Sistematizar um programa de responsabilidade social, mais do que pretender criar soluções inovadoras, busca consolidar um outro pressuposto, em que a maioria das atividades sociais implementadas, sejam elas de cunho filantrópico ou não, dificilmente conseguem se manter e alegando várias razões, mas de que alguma forma sempre se reflete na falta de uma sistemática de trabalho, com metas, monitoramento, resultados esperados, com um planejamento estratégico que projete as ações a curto, médio e longo prazo. Isso também é uma evidência de que um projeto social não direcionado para atividades assistencialistas, mas sim para a busca de exercer efetivamente a responsabilidade social, não deve ter no fator tempo a principal referência de sucesso do empreendimento, mas sim de pequenas ações de melhoria de forma continuada e planejada, auto-sustentada, efetiva, mensurável e compartilhada.
Resumo:
The following paper analyses the managerial and administrative aspects of a project named Projeto de Serviços Básicos de Saúde no Nordeste (PNE I) - initiated in the 80¿s and has been funded by the International Development and Reconstruction Bank (IDRB) ¿ for the construction of a series of lessons and recommendations to be observed along the formulation, implementation and assessment of projects performed under external financing. During the Project time the most important and deep changes and innovations have occurred involving the national politics for health, which have been mostly decisive at directing the Project, specially concerning the organization of services with emphasis to the process of decentralization as well as the participation of the organized society as a tool of social control. The expectations towards the publicizing and the dissemination of the paper presented are laid upon the warranty that the recommendations hereby given shall, effectively, contribute for the decrease of unwanted results and for the magnification of variables to be considered in projects with the scope and characteristics similar to PNE I.
Resumo:
The Brazilian insurance market is the ambience in which this research study takes place in search for a better understanding of how cultural characteristics are related with organizational signs, practices and expectations on social responsibility. The concepts of social responsibility as well as the concept of culture are presented and discussed from different points of view, in accordance with different authors and trough several methodological approaches, in order to establish a coherent theoretical basis for qualitative data analysis. The phenomenological attitude assumed by the researcher in especial dialogues situations during the field research phase added new possibilities of apprehension or emergence of each studied organization self orientation in terms of pre-occupation with social issues intimately related with their insurance activities in the market place. Final reflections show the complexity of the insurance cultural context in the studied Brazilian segment, in which cultural and subcultural national and organizational singularities appear. However leaving space for common values and coherent orientation toward the peculiar understanding of social responsibility as inherent to any insurance company activities, themselves. Last comments point out that future research studies may give additional contribution for the continuity of the discussions initiated in this dissertation, expecting that some changes in the organizational posture and practices may happen, especially those related with risk taking and broad processes of communication with clients and society as a whole.
Resumo:
Analysis of the influences exerted by the Brazilian institutional scenario on SESC ¿ The Social Service of Commerce, focusing state-market-society relations in the 1990 decade, states the core issue of the present dissertation. It also aims to discuss the suitability of adopting corporate social responsibility oriented actions in accordance with these changes. In the first place SESC's institutional setting, and questions addressed to it, as well as pressures to which the organization has been submitted since the mid 1980's are presented to the reader. Following, elements of particular significance closely related to SESC's present institutional framework are described: the country's political redemocratization, social and organizational networks, state reform, and the like.