Freedom of contract and the coexistence of trademark registrations in Colombia

In trademark systems such as the Andean Community, a state authority verifiesthat the marks are distinctive, lawful and do not affect third parties, and after that,given their ownership. In this context, particular interest has sparked the possibilityof individuals by agreements or statements of co-existence, are who ensure that theirsigns meet the conditions for simultaneous registrations.Such agreements for the coexistence of marks are problematic if one thinks thatthe holders of interests that would be available also seem to matter to consumers,competitors and the market. Therefore, define the scope of contractual freedom inthe field of trademark law, whose rules are considered imperative, acquire practicaland theoretical importance because its realization i) recognizes the risks that maybe relevant to evaluating trade agreements and ii) contributes to debates on the roleof private autonomy in areas reserved for non-derogable norms. Thus, this researchputs the declarations of consent for the coexistence of registrations in Colombia, ina larger scope of the limits of freedom of contract.

The playful as a psycho-pedagogic method: one experience in preventing youth drug dependence

This participatory action research was based on a experience of educational intervention on La Cruz and Bello Oriente (Manrique-Medellin), a marginal zone in the northeastern part of the Commune 3 in Medellin,. Colombia. In this marginal sector, psychosocial problems seem to be associated to limited educational and employment opportunities, domestic violence, illegal armed forces, sexual abuse, social discrimination, and lack of adequate public services, among others.  All these are also considered as risk factors for drug dependency.  We used a structured interview designed to identify leisure tendencies, use of free time, and tendencies in recreational activities. Data from the interview were triangulated with information collected by observation and in field work and used to build a psycho-pedagogic method based on play and leisure activities. The effects of the use of this educational intervention on the satisfaction of human needs were analyzed in light of the theory of Manfred Max-Neef. Results point out the need for new educational strategies aimed to promote creativity, solidarity, mental, physical and social health, more enthusiasm and motivation and in general, positive attitudes that help prevent drug dependence.

Implementation of ‘School Back’ by the ‘Core’ technique in a factory of geotextiles to prevent back pain

Introduction: This article aims to show an alternative intervention for the prevention and control of back pain to the people of a production plant of geotextiles for the construction exposed to handling and awkward postures through the implementation of the Back School using the CORE technique. This technique being understood as trainer of the stability musculature of the spine; whose benefit is proportionate the muscular complex of the back, stability and avoid osteomuscular lesions and improved posture. Objective: To present the results about the implementation of the back school by the CORE technique for prevention of back pain in a population of forty-eight male collaborators. Materials and methods: The back school began with talks of awareness by the occupational health physician explaining the objectives and benefits of it to all participants. Once this activity was done, was continued to evaluate all plant employees to establish health status through the PAR-Q questionnaire, who were surveyed for the perception of pain using visual analog scale (VAS) and stability was determined column through the CORE assessment, to determine the training plan. Then, were made every six months the revaluations and implementation of a survey of assistant public perception to identify the impact of the implementation of the school back on the two variables referred (pain perception and stability of column). Results: The pain perception according VAS increased in the number of workers asymptomatic in 12% and based in the satisfaction survey 94% of population reported that with the development of this technique decrease the muscle fatigue in lumbar level; and 96% of population reported an improvement in the performance of their work activities. Discussion: Posterior to the analysis of all results, it is interpreted that back schools practice through CORE technique, contributes to the prevention and / or control of symptoms at the lumbar level in population of productive sector exposed to risks derived from the physical load, provided that ensure its continuously development and supervised for a competent professional.

Innovación entre latinos: explorando diferencias entre géneros

Esta investigación marca el comienzo de un proceso que ayudará a entender cómo la culturainfluye en la innovación. El proposito del estudio fue medir las actitudes, opiniones ydisposición respecto de la innovación de personas de múltiples culturas. Un grupo de 781profesionales radicados en los Estados Unidos, de raíces latinoamericanas, respondió unaencuesta relacionada con la innovación. Los resultados, que fueron tabulados teniendo encuenta el género de los participantes, indican que los grupos femenino y masculino, por logeneral, están de acuerdo en sus opiniones. Pero las opiniones son un poco diferentes encuanto a cómo los grupos definen la innovación, cómo asumen riesgos, a su percepciónacerca de dónde la innovación provee un mayor valor y a propósito de quién está en mejorposición para iniciar la innovación.

Paradoxes of resilience: lessons learnt from a comparison between Columbia and France

This paper investigates a discrepancy concerning resilience. International institutions such as ISDR try to promote resilience as a notion useful for preventing disasters. And some searchers, mainly coming from ecology, such as Resilience Alliance group, found the notion relevant enough to promote it as a brand for their studies on disaster prevention. Yet, the second part of the paper will verify how other searchers are still not convinced by the relevance of the notion. Territorial managers are reluctant as well, in line with the poor number of policies trying to bring resilience to reality, be it in Columbia or in France. How can we make sense of this discrepancy? The paper will stress on various political, institutional and cultural conditionings hidden behind the notion. It will also enlighten the contradictions embedded within the notion, because resilience, as disaster, depends on the scales and the actors the analysis relies on first. Which resilience to whom and at what scale? These are critical questions that should be addressed in order to give sense to these contradictions. Resilience has no absolute meaning. However, it helps identifying trends towards future disasters. This is one of the main reasons why it may be found useful.

Elementos de reflexión sobre la resiliencia urbana: usos criticables y aportes potenciales

El propósito de este texto es discutir el concepto de resiliencia y buscar su interés heurístico para los análisis de vulnerabilidad urbana. El término resiliencia es omnipresente en la retórica de las declaraciones internacionales, de las políticas públicas y en las reflexiones académicas en el campo de los riesgos y desastres en ciudades. Se discute esta noción con el fin de entender sus raíces y desvelar sus presupuestos ideológicos. Al mismo tiempo, el término resiliencia presenta el interés de fomentar debates y cuestiones teóricas en el campo científico y en el sociopolítico de la formulación de nuevas políticas públicas. Más allá de los enfoques focalizados sobre el fortalecimiento delas capacidades locales, los aportes heurísticos del concepto de resiliencia para los análisis de riesgos en el medio urbano provienen de sus fundamentos en la teoría de los sistemas complejos. Así, se resaltan nuevos enfoques y soportes conceptuales que permiten entender mejor la vulnerabilidadde las grandes aglomeraciones urbanas.