Habilidades terapéuticas de salud mental en enfermería

La salud mental (SM) de los ciudadanos pasará a ser en los años venideros una de las principales necesidades de atenci��n en la asistencia sanitaria, debido al incremento progresivo que se está observando en los problemas de SM, destacando entre estos los trastornos depresivos i de ansiedad. En este nuevo siglo, entre las acciones prioritarias en la atenci��n sanitaria van a destacar el trabajo preventivo en SM, el diagnóstico precoz en este ámbito y el aumento de los cuidados en estas alteraciones, lo que precisará de una mayor preparaci��n en habilidades terapéuticas en SM de todos los profesionales sanitarios y entre ellos de los profesionales de enfermería

Intervenci��n de enfermería en Salud Mental desde los centros escolares

Con la promoci��n de la salud mental y la prevenci��n de las enfermedades mentales se hace frente a factores determinantes relacionados con la salud del individuo, familia, comunidad y la sociedad en general reforzando los factores de protecci��n y disminuyendo los factores de riesgo. Los centros escolares junto con los centros de trabajo son un escenario de actuaciones fundamentales, debido a la cantidad de tiempo que pasan en ellos las personas. Sabemos que la salud mental está determinada en gran parte por los primeros años de vida, de ahí la importancia de la promoci��n de la salud mental en la infancia y en la adolescencia. En esta línea en la comunidad autónoma de Cataluña se ha diseñado y implementado un programa “Salud y Escuela” que pretende: Mejorar la salud de los adolescentes a través de acciones de promoci��n de la salud, prevenci��n de las situaciones de riesgo y atenci��n precoz de los problemas de salud relacionados con: • La salud afectivo-sexual • El consumo de drogas, alcohol y tabaco • Los trastornos relacionados con la alimentaci��n • La salud mental En este programa el profesional de enfermería es el referente en el centro educativo de secundaria, y por tanto es el que interviene orientando, informando, enseñando o derivando a los adolescentes a los servicios de salud, en funci��n de las consultas que recibe. Tambi��n asesora a los profesores y a las familias

Improving Label Space Usage for Ethernet Label Switched Paths

Ethernet is becoming the dominant aggregation technology for carrier transport networks; however, as it is a LAN technology, native bridged ethernet does not fulfill all the carrier requirements. One of the schemes proposed by the research community to make ethernet fulfill carrier requirements is ethernet VLAN-label switching (ELS). ELS allows the creation of label switched data paths using a 12-bit label encoded in the VLAN TAG control information field. Previous label switching technologies such as MPLS use more bits for encoding the label. Hence, they do not suffer from label sparsity issues as ELS might. This paper studies the sparsity issues resulting from the reduced ELS VLAN-label space and proposes the use of the label merging technique to improve label space usage. Experimental results show that label merging considerably improves label space usage

Probabilistic sonar scan matching for an AUV

This paper proposes MSISpIC, a probabilistic sonar scan matching algorithm for the localization of an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV). The technique uses range scans gathered with a Mechanical Scanning Imaging Sonar (MSIS), the robot displacement estimated through dead-reckoning using a Doppler velocity log (DVL) and a motion reference unit (MRU). The proposed method is an extension of the pIC algorithm. An extended Kalman filter (EKF) is used to estimate the robot-path during the scan in order to reference all the range and bearing measurements as well as their uncertainty to a scan fixed frame before registering. The major contribution consists of experimentally proving that probabilistic sonar scan matching techniques have the potential to improve the DVL-based navigation. The algorithm has been tested on an AUV guided along a 600 m path within an abandoned marina underwater environment with satisfactory results

Dam wall detection and tracking using a Mechanically Scanned Imaging Sonar

In dam inspection tasks, an underwater robot has to grab images while surveying the wall meanwhile maintaining a certain distance and relative orientation. This paper proposes the use of an MSIS (mechanically scanned imaging sonar) for relative positioning of a robot with respect to the wall. An imaging sonar gathers polar image scans from which depth images (range & bearing) are generated. Depth scans are first processed to extract a line corresponding to the wall (with the Hough transform), which is then tracked by means of an EKF (Extended Kalman Filter) using a static motion model and an implicit measurement equation associating the sensed points to the candidate line. The line estimate is referenced to the robot fixed frame and represented in polar coordinates (rho&thetas) which directly corresponds to the actual distance and relative orientation of the robot with respect to the wall. The proposed system has been tested in simulation as well as in water tank conditions

Underwater SLAM in a marina environment

This paper describes a navigation system for autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) in partially structured environments, such as dams, harbors, marinas or marine platforms. A mechanical scanning imaging sonar is used to obtain information about the location of planar structures present in such environments. A modified version of the Hough transform has been developed to extract line features, together with their uncertainty, from the continuous sonar dataflow. The information obtained is incorporated into a feature-based SLAM algorithm running an Extended Kalman Filter (EKF). Simultaneously, the AUV's position estimate is provided to the feature extraction algorithm to correct the distortions that the vehicle motion produces in the acoustic images. Experiments carried out in a marina located in the Costa Brava (Spain) with the Ictineu AUV show the viability of the proposed approach

Neptune: a hil simulator for multiple UUVs

This paper overviews the field of graphical simulators used for AUV development, presents the taxonomy of these applications and proposes a classification. It also presents Neptune, a multivehicle, real-time, graphical simulator based on OpenGL that allows hardware in the loop simulations

Graphical simulators for AUV development

A long development time is needed from the design to the implementation of an AUV. During the first steps, simulation plays an important role, since it allows for the development of preliminary versions of the control system to be integrated. Once the robot is ready, the control systems are implemented, tuned and tested. The use of a real-time simulator can help closing the gap between off-line simulation and real testing using the already implemented robot. When properly interfaced with the robot hardware, a real-time graphical simulation with a "hardware in the loop" configuration, can allow for the testing of the implemented control system running in the actual robot hardware. Hence, the development time is drastically reduced. These paper overviews the field of graphical simulators used for AUV development proposing a classification. It also presents NEPTUNE, a multi-vehicle, real-time, graphical simulator based on OpenGL that allows hardware in the loop simulations

Diagnosing Patients Combining Principal Components Analysis and Case Based Reasoning

This paper addresses the application of a PCA analysis on categorical data prior to diagnose a patients data set using a Case-Based Reasoning (CBR) system. The particularity is that the standard PCA techniques are designed to deal with numerical attributes, but our medical data set contains many categorical data and alternative methods as RS-PCA are required. Thus, we propose to hybridize RS-PCA (Regular Simplex PCA) and a simple CBR. Results show how the hybrid system produces similar results when diagnosing a medical data set, that the ones obtained when using the original attributes. These results are quite promising since they allow to diagnose with less computation effort and memory storage

La Acci��n tutorial como instrumento de orientaci��n y mediaci��n en contextos universitarios. Análisis de prácticas en asignaturas de lenguas extranjeras

Como es sabido, la adaptaci��n al EEES conlleva cambios importantes en la actividad del docente universitario entre los que destaca el incremento de la actividad de orientaci��n y de mediaci��n. Sin embargo, no existe unanimidad a la hora de definir el concepto de tutoría aunque cada vez son más las universidades españolas que han diseñado y puesto en práctica su Plan de Acci��n Tutorial (PAT), instrumento de informaci��n, apoyo y orientaci��n al estudiante a lo largo de toda su vida universitaria. Al mismo tiempo, la creencia generalizada entre los docentes y los estudiantes consiste en asociar la tutoría universitaria con las horas de atenci��n al estudiante, encuentros de formato reducido destinados principalmente a resolver las dudas y los problemas a los que el estudiante debe enfrentarse. Según esta definici��n, la funci��n del docente-tutor se asimila plenamente a la del experto, conocedor de un ámbito del saber. En el contexto que investigamos, la funci��n de la tutoría consiste en traspasar paulatinamente el control del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje del docente al estudiante, para pasar paulatinamente de una instrucci��n heterorregulada a un aprendizaje autorregulado. Y así en nuestro estudio nos interesa analizar primordialmente en qué medida aparecen marcas de autorregulaci��n en el discurso de los aprendices generado en las tutorías y, en caso de ser así, qué grado de conciencia traducen

El Canto en la Educaci��n Infantil ¿Cómo escoger un repertorio adaptado a la fisiología del ni��o y a su desarrollo vocal?

La voz es el medio de comunicaci��n por excelencia del ser humano. A través de la voz hablada y el canto, cada sociedad integra a los suyos haci��ndoles partícipes de una cultura propia, y para el ser humano esta voz propia será el vehículo de expresi��n y comunicaci��n más exquisito

La Formaci��n en did��ctica de la lengua para educaci��n de personas adultas

El Aprendizaje de la lecto-escritura consiste en adquirir una serie de destrezas que permitan el uso de la lengua escrita en sus aspectos expresivos y comprensivos, de tal manera que el dominio de tales destrezas haga posible entender y producir textos de calidad en sus contextos de comunicaci��n. Sin embargo, tal adquisici��n no es fácil de conseguir con metodologías inadecuadas o sólo a través del estudio de la lengua en sus aspectos formales. La gran capacidad que poseen tanto ni��os como adultos para diferenciar y comprender distintos tipos de textos escritos no significa que la lectura o la producci��n textual sean fáciles para ellos, sino que, muy al contrario, encuentran tal cantidad de dificultades que sólo la aplicaci��n de procedimientos metodológicos adecuados por parte de maestros competentes puede paliar tales escollos y ayudar a un aprendizaje más eficaz, siempre que tales procedimientos estén en consonancia con las exigencias propias de la diversidad textual y con las capacidades, necesidades e intereses de los alumnos y alumnas

Atomic diffusion induced by stress relaxation in InGaAs/GaAs epitaxial layers

The origin of the microscopic inhomogeneities in InxGa1-xAs layers grown on GaAs by molecular beam epitaxy is analyzed through the optical absorption spectra near the band gap. It is seen that, for relaxed thick layers of about 2.8μm, composition inhomogeneities are responsible for the band edge smoothing into the whole compositional range (0.05d, in thin enough layers strain inhomogeneities are dominant. This evolution in line with layer thickness is due to the atomic diffusion at the surface during growth, induced by the strain inhomogeneities that arise from stress relaxation. In consequence, the strain variations present in the layer are converted into composition variations during growth. This process is energetically favorable as it diminishes elastic energy. An additional support to this hypothesis is given by a clear proportionality between the magnitude of the composition variations and the mean strain

Una Estrategia de enseñanza de la Biología basada en la enseñanza para la comprensi��n y los conceptos estructurantes

Desde los dos niveles de práctica pedagógica y did��ctica que se proponen en el Departamento de Biología, de la Universidad Pedagógica Nacional, se pretende, entre otras cosas, acercar a los docentes en formaci��n a la realidad de las instituciones educativas, además, favorecer su propio reconocimiento como licenciado. En ese sentido, en el presente artículo presentamos una de las experiencias en la IED La Aurora, con el curso 801

Breast cancer incidence and overdiagnosis in Catalonia (Spain)

Early detection of breast cancer (BC) with mammography may cause overdiagnosis and overtreatment, detecting tumors which would remain undiagnosed during a lifetime. The aims of this study were: first, to model invasive BC incidence trends in Catalonia (Spain) taking into account reproductive and screening data; and second, to quantify the extent of BC overdiagnosis. We modeled the incidence of invasive BC using a Poisson regression model. Explanatory variables were: age at diagnosis and cohort characteristics (completed fertility rate, percentage of women that use mammography at age 50, and year of birth). This model also was used to estimate the background incidence in the absence of screening. We used a probabilistic model to estimate the expected BC incidence if women in the population used mammography as reported in health surveys. The difference between the observed and expected cumulative incidences provided an estimate of overdiagnosis.Incidence of invasive BC increased, especially in cohorts born from 1940 to 1955. The biggest increase was observed in these cohorts between the ages of 50 to 65 years, where the final BC incidence rates more than doubled the initial ones. Dissemination of mammography was significantly associated with BC incidence and overdiagnosis. Our estimates of overdiagnosis ranged from 0.4% to 46.6%, for women born around 1935 and 1950, respectively.Our results support the existence of overdiagnosis in Catalonia attributed to mammography usage, and the limited malignant potential of some tumors may play an important role. Women should be better informed about this risk. Research should be oriented towards personalized screening and risk assessment tools