Means and challenges in international operations for a Finnish mobile application provider

Master’s Thesis concentrates to means and challenges in international operations for a Finnish mobile application provider Small Planet Oy during its various company stages from founding till maturing and during macro economical phases between year 1998 and 2008. Small Planet has just celebrated its 10 year anniversary and is therefore quite an extraordinary company which has survived all the highs and lows during past ten years and which has operated in the market as long as the whole mobile application industry has existed. Master’s Thesis describes possibilities for a company’s internationalization with different entry modes like exporting, licensing, investment entry and co-operative operations which are suitable for a mobile application provider. Unsuitable entry modes like franchising or contract manufacturing are not explained. The goal has been to analyze Small Planet’s international operations and to make conclusions from the practical experiences. Analysis and conclusions shall help Small Planet in its international operations in the future and should give insight to other mobile application companies and their managers who are in the situation of planning their own international operations. Results show that the best ways for Small Planet to internationalize its operations has been the co-operation with a big domestic client and the co-operation with Finnish operator infrastructure providers which have complementary products with Small Planet. Through these co-operations Small Planet has got lot of new international clients. Same time financial risks and investment need for international operations have been low. Co-operative international sales can be the most efficient international entry mode for a mobile application provider.

Multidata inverse problems and Bayesian solution methods in astronomy

Statistical analyses of measurements that can be described by statistical models are of essence in astronomy and in scientific inquiry in general. The sensitivity of such analyses, modelling approaches, and the consequent predictions, is sometimes highly dependent on the exact techniques applied, and improvements therein can result in significantly better understanding of the observed system of interest. Particularly, optimising the sensitivity of statistical techniques in detecting the faint signatures of low-mass planets orbiting the nearby stars is, together with improvements in instrumentation, essential in estimating the properties of the population of such planets, and in the race to detect Earth-analogs, i.e. planets that could support liquid water and, perhaps, life on their surfaces. We review the developments in Bayesian statistical techniques applicable to detections planets orbiting nearby stars and astronomical data analysis problems in general. We also discuss these techniques and demonstrate their usefulness by using various examples and detailed descriptions of the respective mathematics involved. We demonstrate the practical aspects of Bayesian statistical techniques by describing several algorithms and numerical techniques, as well as theoretical constructions, in the estimation of model parameters and in hypothesis testing. We also apply these algorithms to Doppler measurements of nearby stars to show how they can be used in practice to obtain as much information from the noisy data as possible. Bayesian statistical techniques are powerful tools in analysing and interpreting noisy data and should be preferred in practice whenever computational limitations are not too restrictive.

Open Preservation: Community Approaches to Ensuring Long-Term Access to Digital Collections

Presentation at Open Repositories 2014, Helsinki, Finland, June 9-13, 2014

Viktens inverkan på jaktflygplanet

Viktens inverkan på jaktflygplan har alltid varit av central betydelse både när det gäller de-sign och användning. I Finska Flygvapnet är flygviktens inverkan på jaktflygplanet något som blir alltmer aktuellt nu när lufttankning används i ökad takt. Lufttankning påverkar flyg-planets totala massa betydligt, vilket i sin tur påverkar flygplanets aerodynamiska egenskap-er. De teoretiska grunderna bakom dessa förändringar i flygvikten studeras i detta kandidat-arbete. Detta görs med huvudfrågeställningen: - Hur påverkar den förändrade flygvikten jakt-flygplanet? För att besvara denna fråga används kvalitativ undersökning som baseras på litteraturstudie. Facklitteraturen som används är främst inriktad på aerodynamik. Då vissa frågor inom aero-dynamik kan anses som omtvistade, är det viktigt med en stor mängd källor. I undersökning-en jämförs därför också påståenden från olika källor och för att säkerställa trovärdigheten hos centrala påståenden och slutsatser används flera källor från olika författare. I rapporten konstateras att förändringar i jaktflygplanets totala massa har inverkan på många olika egenskaper. En hög massa leder till framförallt ökad stallhastighet, ökat inducerat mot-stånd och ökad rörelse-energi. Detta märks i praktiken på många olika sätt, vilket undersöks noggrannare i rapporten. Sammanfattningsvis leder det till försämrad förmåga att manövrera mot andra jaktflygplan, genom försämrad förmåga att stiga, accelerera och flyga snabbt. Även marginalerna vid start och landning minskar, vilket har att göra med både stallhastig-heten och rörelse-energin. Dessa marginaler påverkar utöver stridsförmågan också flygsäker-heten. Den ökade mängden bränsle har dock fördelar, exempelvis den ökade räckvidden samt möjligheten att använda efterbrännkammare i större utsträckning. Det är förstås lockande att dra slutsatsen att ett lätt flygplan har övertag över ett dito tungt flygplan, vilket rent aerodynamiskt ofta är korrekt. Men när det gäller aerodynamikens in-verkan på stridsförmågan hos ett jaktflygplan är det viktigt att se till helheten. Jaktflygplan verkar i en komplex miljö där aerodynamiken bara är en faktor av många. Detta förminskar dock inte aerodynamikens betydelse, men det är bra att ha i åtanke. I detta arbete sker ingen djupare diskussion kring dessa förhållanden, istället har fokus lagts på att förstå och förklara de olika teoretiska aspekterna ur ett krigstekniskt/aerodynamiskt perspektiv.

Evaluation of the main energy scenarios for the global energy transition

Energy scenarios are used as a tool to examine credible future states and pathways. The one who constructs a scenario defines the framework in which the possible outcomes exist. The credibility of a scenario depends on its compatibility with real world experiences, and on how well the general information of the study, methodology, and originality and processing of data are disclosed. In the thesis, selected global energy scenarios’ transparency and desirability from the society’s point of view were evaluated based on literature derived criteria. The global energy transition consists of changes to social conventions and economic development in addition to technological development. Energy solutions are economic and ethical choices due to far-reaching impacts of energy decision-making. Currently the global energy system is mostly based on fossil fuels, which is unsustainable over the long-term due to various reasons: negative climate change impacts, negative health impacts, depletion of fossil fuel reserves, resource-use conflicts with water management and food supply, loss of biodiversity, challenge to preserve ecosystems and resources for future generations, and inability of fossil fuels to provide universal access to modern energy services. Nuclear power and carbon capture and storage cannot be regarded as sustainable energy solutions due to their inherent risks and required long-term storage. The energy transition is driven by a growing energy demand, decreasing costs of renewables, modularity and scalability of renewable technologies, macroeconomic benefits of using renewables, investors’ risk awareness, renewable energy related attractive business opportunities, almost even distribution of solar and wind resources on the planet, growing awareness of the planet’s environmental status, environmental movements and tougher environmental legislation. Many of the investigated scenarios identified solar and wind power as a backbone for future energy systems. The scenarios, in which the solar and wind potentials were deployed in largest scale, met best the set out sustainability criteria. In future research, energy scenarios’ transparency can be improved by better disclosure on who has ordered the study, clarifying the funding, clearly referencing to used sources and indicating processed data, and by exploring how variations in cost assumptions and deployment of technologies influence on the outcomes of the study.