41 resultados para Optical character recognition

em Doria (National Library of Finland DSpace Services) - National Library of Finland, Finland


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This Master's thesis addresses the design and implementation of the optical character recognition (OCR) system for a mobile device working on the Symbian operating system. The developed OCR system, named OCRCapriccio, emphasizes the modularity, effective extensibility and reuse. The system consists of two parts which are the graphical user interface and the OCR engine that was implemented as a plug-in. In fact, the plug-in includes two implementations of the OCR engine for enabling two types of recognition: the bitmap comparison based recognition and statistical recognition. The implementation results have shown that the approach based on bitmap comparison is more suitable for the Symbian environment because of its nature. Although the current implementation of bitmap comparison is lacking in accuracy, further development should be done in its direction. The biggest challenges of this work were related to developing an OCR scheme that would be suitable for Symbian OS Smartphones that have limited computational power and restricted resources.

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Optisella merkintunnistuksella on tärkeä rooli nykypäivän automaatiossa. Optisen merkintunnistuksen eri sovellusalueet vaihtelevat dokumenttien tekstin tunnistamisesta ajoneuvojen tunnistamiseen ja erilaisten tuotanto- ja kokoonpanolinjojen automaatioon ja laadun tarkkailuun. Tässä työssä keskitytään optisen merkintunnistuksen käyttöön satamaliikenteessä. Työ jakaantuu kahteen osaan. Ensimmäisessä osassa esitellään satamien kannalta kaksi yleisintä ja samalla tärkeintä optisen merkintunnistuksen sovellusaluetta: rekisterikilpien tunnistus ja konttien tunnistus. Työn jälkimmäinen osa käsittelee junavaunujen tunnistamista optisen merkintunnistuksen avulla. Satamissa toimiva vaunukalusto ja niissä esiintyvät tunnisteet esitellään. Vaunujen tunnistamisen toteuttava konenäköjärjestelmä, sen vaativat laitteet sekä kuvankäsittelyn ja kuva-analyysin vaiheet käydään läpi. Kuva-analyysion jaettu työssä neljään päävaiheeseen: esikäsittely, segmentointi, piirreirrotus ja luokittelu. Kustakin vaiheesta esitetään useita eri menetelmiä, joiden käyttökelpoisuutta esitettyyn ongelmaan arvioidaan työn lopussa.

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Multispectral images are becoming more common in the field of remote sensing, computer vision, and industrial applications. Due to the high accuracy of the multispectral information, it can be used as an important quality factor in the inspection of industrial products. Recently, the development on multispectral imaging systems and the computational analysis on the multispectral images have been the focus of a growing interest. In this thesis, three areas of multispectral image analysis are considered. First, a method for analyzing multispectral textured images was developed. The method is based on a spectral cooccurrence matrix, which contains information of the joint distribution of spectral classes in a spectral domain. Next, a procedure for estimating the illumination spectrum of the color images was developed. Proposed method can be used, for example, in color constancy, color correction, and in the content based search from color image databases. Finally, color filters for the optical pattern recognition were designed, and a prototype of a spectral vision system was constructed. The spectral vision system can be used to acquire a low dimensional component image set for the two dimensional spectral image reconstruction. The data obtained by the spectral vision system is small and therefore convenient for storing and transmitting a spectral image.

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In the modern warfare there is an active development of a new trend connected with a robotic warfare. One of the critical elements of robotics warfare systems is an automatic target recognition system, allowing to recognize objects, based on the data received from sensors. This work considers aspects of optical realization of such a system by means of NIR target scanning at fixed wavelengths. An algorithm was designed, an experimental setup was built and samples of various modern gear and apparel materials were tested. For pattern testing the samples of actively arm engaged armies camouflages were chosen. Tests were performed both in clear atmosphere and in the artificial extremely humid and hot atmosphere to simulate field conditions.

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Perceiving the world visually is a basic act for humans, but for computers it is still an unsolved problem. The variability present innatural environments is an obstacle for effective computer vision. The goal of invariant object recognition is to recognise objects in a digital image despite variations in, for example, pose, lighting or occlusion. In this study, invariant object recognition is considered from the viewpoint of feature extraction. Thedifferences between local and global features are studied with emphasis on Hough transform and Gabor filtering based feature extraction. The methods are examined with respect to four capabilities: generality, invariance, stability, and efficiency. Invariant features are presented using both Hough transform and Gabor filtering. A modified Hough transform technique is also presented where the distortion tolerance is increased by incorporating local information. In addition, methods for decreasing the computational costs of the Hough transform employing parallel processing and local information are introduced.

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This thesis considers nondestructive optical methods for metal surface and subsurface inspection. The main purpose of this thesis was to study some optical methods in order to find out their applicability to industrial measurements. In laboratory testing the simplest light scattering approach, measurement of specular reflectance, was used for surface roughness evaluation. Surface roughness, curvature and finishing process of metal sheets were determined by specular reflectance measurements. Using a fixed angleof incidence, the specular reflectance method might be automated for industrialinspection. For defect detection holographic interferometry and thermography were compared. Using either holographic interferometry or thermography, relativelysmall-size defects in metal plates could be revealed. Holographic techniques have some limitations for industrial measurements. On the contrary, thermography has excellent prospects for on-line inspection, especially with scanning techniques.

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WDM (Wavelength-Division Multiplexing) optiset verkot on tällä hetkellä suosituin tapa isojen määrän tietojen siirtämiseen. Jokaiselle liittymälle määrätään reitin ja aallonpituus joka linkin varten. Tarvittavan reitin ja aallon pituuden löytäminen kutsutaan RWA-ongelmaksi. Tämän työn kuvaa mahdollisia kustannuksen mallein ratkaisuja RWA-ongelmaan. Olemassa on paljon erilaisia optimoinnin tavoitteita. Edellä mainittuja kustannuksen malleja perustuu näillä tavoitteilla. Kustannuksen malleja antavat tehokkaita ratkaisuja ja algoritmeja. The multicommodity malli on käsitelty tässä työssä perusteena RV/A-kustannuksen mallille. Myöskin OB käsitelty heuristisia menetelmiä RWA-ongelman ratkaisuun. Työn loppuosassa käsitellään toteutuksia muutamalle mallille ja erilaisia mahdollisuuksia kustannuksen mallein parantamiseen.

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Diplomityön keskeisenä tavoitteena oli selvittää painehiomon tuotantokapasiteetin lisäyksen vaikutus painehiokkeen laatuominaisuuksiin. Tarkasteltavina painehiomon tuotanto-kapasiteettiin vaikuttavina tekijöinä olivat painehiomakoneen suihkuveden lämpötilan lasku sekä uuden rejektijauhimen käyttöönotto. Painehiomakoneen suihkuveden lämpötilan lasku 95 ºC:sta 70 ºC:een toteutettiin kahden viikon mittaisena koeajona. Tarkoituksena oli selvittää painehiontaprosessissa ja painehiokkeen sekä paperin laadussa tapahtuva muutos. PGW70-koeajolla saavutettiin mahdollisuus nostaa tuotantonopeutta hiomakivillä silti kuormittamatta liiaksi lajittelua ja rejektinkäsittelyä. Tarkasteltaessa painehiokkeen laatua PGW70-koeajossa kiteytyi tapahtunut laatumuutos lyhentyneestä kuidun pituudesta aiheutu-neeksi. Havaittiin, että alentamalla hiontalämpötilaa on mahdollista saavuttaa paremmat painehiokkeen pinta- ja optiset ominaisuudet lujuusominaisuuksien heiketessä hieman. Rejektijauhimen käyttöönottoon liittyvien tarkasteluiden tavoitteena oli selvittää uuden rejektijauhimen käyttöönoton myötä painehiokkeessa mahdollisesti tapahtuva laatumuutos. Lisäksi haluttiin tarkastella jauhetun rejektin laatuominaisuuksia rejektijauhimen energian ominaiskulutuksen eri tasoilla ja mahdollisuutta siirtää kuidutuksen painopistettä hiomakiviltä rejektijauhatukseen nostamalla kivenalusfreenestä. Varsinaisessa rejektijauhimen käyttöönottovaiheessa ei painehiokkeen laatumuutosta ollut havaittavissa. Rejektijauhimen kuormituskoeajossa ajettiin rejektijauhimella 2 koesarjaa, matalalla ja korkealla kivenalusfreeneksellä, kasvattaen rejektijauhimen EOK:a. Lisä-muuttujaksi koeajossa muodostui tahattomasti jauhatussakeus. Koejossa paras kuidun muokkau-tuvuus saavutettiin alhaisemmalla kivenalusfreeneksellä (130-140 ml) ja jauhatussakeudella (alle 40 %) korkeimmalla saavutetulla EOK:lla eli 0,80 MWh/t. Korkealla kivenalusfreeneksellä ja jauhatussakeudella tapahtunut jauhatus osoittautui kuituja katkovaksi. Karkeaan painehiokerejektiin tulisi kohdistaa huomattavasti enemmän jauhatusenergiaa kuin koeajossa oli mahdollista. Ongelmaksi siis muodostui rejektijauhimen heikko kuormitettavuus, jota tulee parantaa esimerkiksi terävalinnoin.

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The goal of the thesis was to study fundamental structural and optical properties of InAs islands and In(Ga)As quantum rings. The research was carried out at the Department of Micro and Nanosciences of Helsinki University of Technology. A good surface quality can be essential for the potential applications in optoelectronic devices. For such device applications it is usually necessary to control size, density and arrangement of the islands. In order to study the dependence of the structural properties of the islands and the quantum rings on growth conditions, atomic force microscope was used. Obtained results reveal that the size and the density of the In(Ga)As quantum rings strongly depend on the growth temperature, the annealing time and the thickness of the partial capping layer. From obtained results it is possible to conclude that to get round shape islands and high density one has to use growth temperature of 500 ̊C. In the case of formation of In(Ga)As quantum rings the effect of mobility anisotropy is observed that so the shape of the rings is not symmetric. To exclude this effect it is preferable to use a higher annealing temperature of 570 ̊C. Optical properties were characterized by PL spectroscopy. PL emission was observed from buried InAs quantum dots and In(Ga)As quantum rings grown with different annealing time and temperature and covered with a various thickness of the partial capping layer.

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Coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering is the powerful method of laser spectroscopy in which significant successes are achieved. However, the non-linear nature of CARS complicates the analysis of the received spectra. The objective of this Thesis is to develop a new phase retrieval algorithm for CARS. It utilizes the maximum entropy method and the new wavelet approach for spectroscopic background correction of a phase function. The method was developed to be easily automated and used on a large number of spectra of different substances.. The algorithm was successfully tested on experimental data.