Estimointi ja taloudellinen ennustaminen IT-järjestelmien toimitusprojekteissa

Nykyään projektityö on erittäin yleistä katsomatta toimialaan tai yritysten kokoon. Projektiestimointi on olennainen osa onnistuneen hankkeen läpiviennissä. Työssä käsitellään projektin alkuvaiheessa tapahtuvaan arviontiprosessiin liittyvää teknistä ja taloudellista estimointia. Työssä perehdytään työmäärien estimointimenetelmiin sekä taloudellisen ennusteen rakentamiseen.

Assessing the Environmental Value of Water Treatment Solutions in the Mining Industry

Environmental accountability has become a major source of competitive advantage for industrial companies, because customers consider it as relevant buying criterion. However, in order to leverage their environmental responsibility, industrial suppliers have to be able to demonstrate the environmental value of their products and services, which is also the aim of Kemira, a global water chemistry company considered in this study. The aim of this thesis is to develop a tool which Kemira can use to assess the environmental value of their solutions for the customer companies in mining industry. This study answers to questions on what kinds of methods to assess environmental impacts exist, and what kind of tool could be used to assess the environmental value of Kemira’s water treatment solutions. The environmental impacts of mining activities vary greatly between different mines. Generally the major impacts include the water related issues and wastes. Energy consumption is also a significant environmental aspect. Water related issues include water consumption and impacts in water quality. There are several methods to assess environmental impacts, for example life cycle assessment, eco-efficiency tools, footprint calculations and process simulation. In addition the corresponding financial value may be estimated utilizing monetary assessment methods. Some of the industrial companies considered in the analysis of industry best practices use environmental and sustainability assessments. Based on the theoretical research and conducted interviews, an Excel based tool utilizing reference data on previous customer cases and customer specific test results was considered to be most suitable to assess the environmental value of Kemira’s solutions. The tool can be used to demonstrate the functionality of Kemira’s solutions in customers’ processes, their impacts in other process parameters and their environmental and financial aspects. In the future, the tool may be applied to fit also Kemira’s other segments, not only mining industry.

The energy efficiency of chilled beam systems in an office building at different climates

Besides the sustaining of healthy and comfortable indoor climate, the air conditioning system should also achieve for energy efficiency. The target indoor climate can be ob-tained with different systems; this study focuses on comparing the energy efficiency of different air conditioning room unit systems in different climates. The calculations are made with dynamic energy simulation software IDA ICE by comparing the indoor cli-mate and energy consumption of an office building with different systems in different climates. The aim of the study is to compare the energy efficiency of chilled beam systems to other common systems: variable air volume, fan coil and radiant ceiling systems. Besides the annual energy consumption also the sustainability of target indoor climate is compared between the simulations. Another aim is to provide conclusions to be used in the product development of the chilled beam systems’ energy efficiency. The adaptable chilled beam system and the radiant ceiling system prove to be energy efficient independent of the climate. The challenge of reliable comparison is that other systems are not able to reach the target indoor climate as well as the others. The complex calculation environment of the simulation software, made assumptions and excluding of the financial aspects complicate comparing the big picture. The results show that the development of the chilled beam systems should concentrate on energy efficient night heating, flexible demand based ventilation and capacity control and possibilities on integrating the best practices with other systems. 

Suorituskyvyn analysointijärjestelmä teknologiateollisuuden pk-yritykselle

Monesti yritysjohtajan on vaikea hahmottaa, mitä kaikkia ulottuvuuksia ja menetelmiä suorituskyvyn analysointiin liittyy. Pelkkään talouteen keskittyvä johtaminen edustaa hyvin kapeaa näkökulmaa yrityksen toiminnasta ja voi lopulta johtaa yrityksen vääriin valintoihin ja hyvin kohtalokkaisiin virhearviointeihin. Suorituskyvyn mittaamisella ja analysoimisella saadaan kokonaisvaltainen näkemys yrityksen toiminnasta ja sen tilasta. Yrityksen suorituskykyä pystytään tarkastelemaan hyvin monella tavalla ja erilaisista näkökulmista. Tutkimuksen päätavoitteena on selvittää millainen suorituskyvyn analysointijärjestelmä soveltuu teknologiateollisuuden pk-yritykselle. Alatavoitteena on tutkia millaiset mittaus- ja johtamistarpeet ovat toimialalle tyypillisiä (1) sekä miten toiminnanohjausjärjestelmä ja suori-tuskyvyn mittaristo voidaan integroida toisiinsa (2). Case-yritykselle rakennetaan suorituskyvyn mittaristo ja verrataan sitä toiminnanohjausjärjestelmään sekä selvitetään mittariston tarpeellisuutta Case-yritykselle. Teknologiateollisuuden pk-yrityksille ei voida suoraan määrittää sopivaa suorituskyvyn ana-lysointijärjestelmää. BSC osoittautui kuitenkin parhaimmaksi valinnaksi. BSC pakottaa pk-yrityksiä huomioimaan useampi suorituskyvyn osa-alue. BSC ei myöskään tarvitse montaa mittaria kuvaamaan suorituskyvyn osa-alueita. Tutkimuksessa selvisi hyvin paljon suorituskykyyn vaikuttavia tekijöitä. Projektiluonteisuuden vuoksi case-yrityksen projektiseurantaa kehitettiin ja rakennettiin BSC-pohjainen suorituskyvyn analysointijärjestelmä.

CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY from theory into financial statement: UPM-Kymmene Oyj

For number of reasons social responsibility in corporations has become a more essential part of business operations than before. Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is dealt with different means and aspects but the overall effects it has on organisations performance, communication and underline actions is indisputable. The thesis describes corporate social responsibility and the main objective was to observe how corporate social responsibility has developed in our case company with answering to main research question how CSR reporting has evolved in UPM-Kymmene Oyj? In addition following questions were also addressed: Is there a monetary value of CSR? What does proficient CSR report consist of? What does corporate social responsibility consist of? Qualitative research method, content analysis to be precise, was chosen and excessive literature study performed to find the theoretical back ground to perform the empirical part of the study. Data for the empirical part was collected from UPM-Kymmene Oyj financial data and annual reports. The study shows that UPM-Kymmene Oyj engagement to CSR and reporting of CSR matter have improved due time but still few managerial implications could be found. UPM-Kymmene Oyj economic key figures are only building shareholder value and stakeholders are identified in very general level. Also CSR data is scattered all over the annual report which causes problems to readers. The scientific importance of this thesis arises from the profound way CSR has been addressed in a holistic manner. Thus it is giving a good basis to understand the underlying reasons of CSR from society towards the organisation and vice versa.

The effectiveness of financial innovation support tools. Comparative study of Latvia and Finland

In the Innovation Union Scoreboard of 2011, Latvia ranked last amongst the EU countries in innovation performance. Even though there is sufficient scientific and technological basis, the results remain modest or low in most of the indicators concerning innovations. Several aspects influence the performance a national innovation system. In Latvia, the low effectiveness is often attributed to lack of financial support tools. As a comparison, Finland was chosen because of its well-established and documented innovation system. The aim of this study is to research the efficiency and effectiveness of the current financial innovation support tool system in Latvia from the point of view of an innovating company. It also attempts to analyze the support tool system of Latvia and compare to the relevant parts of the Finnish system. The study found that it is problematic for innovative companies in Latvia to receive the necessary funding especially for start-ups and SMEs due to the low number of grant programs, funds and lacking offer from banks, venture capital and business angels. To improve the situation, the Latvian government should restructure the funding mechanisms putting a bigger emphasis on innovative start-ups and SMEs. That would lay a foundation for future growth and boost research and scientific activities in Latvia.