Detection of denial of service attacks

This thesis studies techniques used for detection of distributed denial of service attacks which during last decade became one of the most serious network security threats. To evaluate different detection algorithms and further improve them we need to test their performance under conditions as close to real-life situations as possible. Currently the only feasible solution for large-scale tests is the simulated environment. The thesis describes implementation of recursive non-parametric CUSUM algorithm for detection of distributed denial of service attacks in ns-2 network simulator – a standard de-facto for network simulation.

Developing of Service Platform Thinking in Modern Electricity Distribution Business

Palvelukehitystoiminta sitoo huomattavan määrän resursseja ja on pitkäkestoista toimintaa. Innovatiivisuuteen tähtäämällä ja systemaattisella tuotekehitystyöllä yritys parantaa jatkuvuutta omassa liiketoiminnassaan. Alusta-ajattelu tuo uuden ulottuvuuden tuotteiden ja palveluiden kehitykseen. Alustan kehittäminen tukemaan tuote- ja palvelukehitystoimintaa ja yksinkertaistamaan tuote/palvelurakenteita antaa yrityksissä lisäpotentiaalia esimerkiksi lyhentyneiden kehitysaikojen, paremman kompleksisuuden hallinnan ja kustannustehokkuuden nousun myötä. Toimintojen tehostuminen yritystasolla saa aikaan mahdollisuuksien lisääntymisen nykyisillä liiketoimintasektoreilla. Palvelualustan kehityksellä päästään palvelurakenteen mallintamisen kautta parempaan liiketoiminnan hallitsemiseen ja systemaattisempaan tuotekehityksen läpivientiin. Palvelualustan yhtenä tärkeimpänä hyötynä on, että palvelun rakenteellisuus saadaan kuvattua alustaan. Lisäksi on tärkeää määritellä vastuutukset alustan kehityksessä, sekä pystyä mallintamaan informaation kulku (rajapinnat) prosesseissa.

Market Potential of Service Providers for Niche Vendor

Diplomityössä tarkastellaan palveluoperaattoreiden asemaa Länsi-Euroopan matkapuhelinpalvelumarkkinoilla. Tavoitteena on selvittää, ovatko palveluoperaattorit potentiaalisia asiakkaita tietylle matkapuhelinlisäpalvelujärjestelmien toimittajalle. Lisäksi tavoitteena on rakentaa liiketoimintalaskelmatyökalu, jolla tällaisen järjestelmäinvestoinnin kannattavuus voidaan osoittaa paitsi palveluoperaattorille, myös tämän loppuasiakkaille. Työ aloitetaan matkapuhelinpalvelumarkkinoilla toimivien osapuolten esittelyllä. Eri osapuolten asemaa ja merkitystä matkapuhelinpalvelumarkkinoilla käsitellään. Matkapuhelinpalvelumarkkinoiden kehitystä tarkastellaan uuden teknologian ja erityisesti tulevien palvelujen näkökulmasta. Tarkastelua jatketaan analysoimalla regulaation vaikutusta matkapuhelinpalvelumarkkinoihin. Erityisesti kiinnitetään huomiota regulaation motiiveihin sekä käytännön toteutukseen tietyissä Länsi-Euroopan maissa. Tutkimuksen toteuttamisessa merkittävässä osassa ovat asiantuntijahaastattelut sekä markkina-analyysiraportit.Markkina-analyysissa saatuja tuloksia hyödynnetään liiketoimintalaskelmatyökalun toteutuksessa. Työn tuloksena päädytään myös ratkaisuun palveluoperaattoreiden kiinnostavuudesta asiakassegmenttinä. Tämän lisäksi havaitaan muita potentiaalisia asiakassegmenttejä, joiden tämäntyyppiseen liiketoimintaan soveltuvuutta tutkitaan edelleen.

Object-oriented development of client / server application: case study of service control software

Tässä työssä on esitetty sen ohjelmiston kehittämisen prosessi, joka on tarkoitettu annettavien palveluiden valvottavaksi käyttäen prototyyppimallia. Raportti sisältää vaatimusten, kohteisiin suunnatun analyysin ja suunnittelun, realisointiprosessien kuvauksen ja prototyypin testauksen. Ohjelmiston käyttöala – antavien palveluiden valvonta. Vaatimukset sovellukselle analysoitiin ohjelmistomarkkinoiden perusteella sekä ohjelmiston engineeringin periaatteiden mukaisesti. Ohjelmiston prototyyppi on realisoitu käyttäen asiakas-/palvelinhybridimallia sekä ralaatiokantaa. Kehitetty ohjelmisto on tarkoitettu venäläisille tietokonekerhoille, jotka erikoistuvat pelipalvelinten antamiseen.

Real-time Quality of Service Controller for Differentiated Services

IP-verkkojen hyvin tunnettu haitta on, että nämä eivät pysty takaamaan tiettyä palvelunlaatua (Quality of Service) lähetetyille paketeille. Seuraavat kaksi tekniikkaa pidetään lupaavimpina palvelunlaadun tarjoamiselle: Differentiated Services (DiffServ) ja palvelunlaatureititys (QoS Routing). DiffServ on varsin uusi IETF:n määrittelemä Internetille tarkoitettu palvelunlaatumekanismi. DiffServ tarjoaa skaalattavaa palvelujen erilaistamista ilman viestintää joka hypyssä ja per-flow –tilan ohjausta. DiffServ on hyvä esimerkki hajautetusta verkkosuunnittelusta. Tämän palvelutasomekanismin tavoite on viestintäjärjestelmien suunnittelun yksinkertaistaminen. Verkkosolmu voidaan rakentaa pienestä hyvin määritellystä rakennuspalikoiden joukosta. Palvelunlaatureititys on reititysmekanismi, jolla liikennereittejä määritellään verkon käytettävissä olevien resurssien pohjalta. Tässä työssä selvitetään uusi palvelunlaatureititystapa, jota kutsutaan yksinkertaiseksi monitiereititykseksi (Simple Multipath Routing). Tämän työn tarkoitus on suunnitella palvelunlaatuohjain DiffServille. Tässä työssä ehdotettu palvelunlaatuohjain on pyrkimys yhdistää DiffServ ja palvelunlaatureititysmekanismeja. Työn kokeellinen osuus keskittyy erityisesti palvelunlaatureititysalgoritmeihin.

Benefits and Limitations of Service Oriented Architecture

In this thesis I examine Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) considering both its positive and negative qualities for business organizations and IT. In SOA, services are loosely coupled and invoked through standard interfaces to enable business process independence from the underlying technology. As an architecture, SOA brings the key benefit of service reuse that may mean anything from simple application reuse to taking advantage of entire business processes across enterprises. SOA also promises interoperability especially by the Web services standards that enable platform independency. Cost efficiency is mainly a result of the savings in IT maintenance and reduced development costs. The most severe limitations of SOA are performance implications and security issues, but the applicability of SOA is also limited. Additional disadvantages of a service oriented approach include problems in data management and complexity questions, and the lack of agreement about SOA and its twofold nature as a business as well as technology approach leads to problematic interpretation of the available information. In this thesis I find the benefits and limitations of SOA for the purpose described above and propose that companies need to consider the decision to implement SOA carefully to determine whether the benefits will outdo the costs in the individual case.

Profitability Analysis of Service Contracts of Devices

The objective of this study has been to make a profitability analysis of service contracts for a company in Finland. The purpose has been to see how profitable the contracts are and if there possibly were some things to change or develop in the contracts. Allocation rules of cost accounting, service costs both profitability and management of services have been considered in the theory part. All the service contracts that have been valid at least three last accounting periods have been included in the study. All direct costs relating to the contracts have been collected and indirect costs have been assigned to the contracts. Profitability of the contracts has been calculated over three years. Results have been analyzed according to the key figures the company is controlling. Some suggestions for developments have been given at the end of the study. The study has shown differences between the contracts. Part of them has turned out to be like the profitability aims of the company and part less profitable. The study has shown that many factors have an effect on the profitability of the service contracts.

Distributed ControlArchitecture of Power Electronics Building-Block-Based Frequency Converters

The increasing power demand and emerging applications drive the design of electrical power converters into modularization. Despite the wide use of modularized power stage structures, the control schemes that are used are often traditional, in other words, centralized. The flexibility and re-usability of these controllers are typically poor. With a dedicated distributed control scheme, the flexibility and re-usability of the system parts, building blocks, can be increased. Only a few distributed control schemes have been introduced for this purpose, but their breakthrough has not yet taken place. A demand for the further development offlexible control schemes for building-block-based applications clearly exists. The control topology, communication, synchronization, and functionality allocationaspects of building-block-based converters are studied in this doctoral thesis. A distributed control scheme that can be easily adapted to building-block-based power converter designs is developed. The example applications are a parallel and series connection of building blocks. The building block that is used in the implementations of both the applications is a commercial off-the-shelf two-level three-phase frequency converter with a custom-designed controller card. The major challenge with the parallel connection of power stages is the synchronization of the building blocks. The effect of synchronization accuracy on the system performance is studied. The functionality allocation and control scheme design are challenging in the seriesconnected multilevel converters, mainly because of the large number of modules. Various multilevel modulation schemes are analyzed with respect to the implementation, and this information is used to develop a flexible control scheme for modular multilevel inverters.

Success of service-intensive manufacturing firms - resource-based view

The main objective of this study is to examine the relationships between resources, competitive advantage and firm success. The study focuses, on one hand, on the financial performance of service-intensive manufac-turing firms against competitors with a lower service intensity and, on the other hand, on the resources as drivers for competitive advantage and success. The purpose of the theoretical part is to link the study in the field of the strategy research. The empirical part of the study is based on the quantitative analyses of the survey data collected from 50 major suppliers of industrial machinery and transportation equipment in Europe and North America. Results indicate that service-intensive manufacturing firms have performed better and their performance has been more stable vis-à-vis their peers. The main resources that differentiate service-intensive manufacturing firms from their non-service intensive competitors are service strategy and service-oriented top management. The analyses on the VRIO resources produced only a limited amount of information and solely service-centred culture appeared to be a rent generating resource.

The Impact of Service Quality and Relationship Quality on Customer Loyalty in Business-to-Business Context

The main objective of this Master’s Thesis was to examine the interrelations of service quality and relationship quality (customer satisfaction, trust and commitment), and find out are they antecedents for customer loyalty in business-to-business context. Literature review revealed some research gaps concerning these focal concepts, which should be studied more closely. The theoretical basis for this research was collected for evaluating a strategic increase of customer’s perceptions of service quality and relationship quality as well as customer loyalty in business-to-business environment, and it was tested empirically in a sample of 164 corporate customers, who responded to the Internet-based survey. The measures, used in the survey, were first assessed by using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and then the hypothesized relationships were further verified using structural equation modeling (SEM) in LISREL 8.80. There was found support for a half of the hypothesized construct relations. The results of the research confirm the direct influence of trust and commitment on customer loyalty. Also, service quality turned out to have an indirect impact on customer loyalty through trust. No support, however, was offered for the proposed impact of customer satisfaction on loyalty in this case. The research provides managerially relevant and actionable results that may help service providers execute more specific customer relationship quality strategies that lead to higher customer loyalty.

The Effects of Service Quality, Customer Satisfaction and Customer Perceived Value on Behavioral Intentions

The intent of this research was to develop a model that describes the extent to which customer behavioral intentions are influenced by service quality, customer satisfaction and customer perceived value in the business-to-business service context. Research on customer behavioral intentions is quite fragmented and no generalized model has been presented. Thus, there was need for empirical testing. This study builds on the services marketing theory and assesses the relationships between the identified constructs. The data for the empirical analysis was collected via a quantitative online survey and a total of 226 usable responses were obtained for further analysis. The model was tested in an employment agency service setting. The measures used in this survey were first assessed by using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) after which the hypothesized relationships were further verified using structural equation modeling (SEM) in LISREL 8.80. The analysis identified that customer satisfaction played a pivotal role in the model as it was the only direct antecedent of customer behavioral intentions, however, customer perceived value showed a strong indirect impact on buying intentions via customer satisfaction. In contrast to what was hypothesized, service quality and customer perceived value did not have a direct positive effect on behavioral intentions. Also, a contradicting finding with current literature was that sacrifice was argued to have a direct but positive impact on customer perceived value. Based on the findings in this study, managers should carefully think of their service strategies that lead to their customers’ favorable behavioral intentions.

Distributed Repositories of Medieval Calendars and Crowd-Sourcing of Transcription

Presentation at Open Repositories 2014, Helsinki, Finland, June 9-13, 2014

What do Sports Sponsors Really Want? The effects of service quality, service value and customer satisfaction on behavioral intentions in sports sponsorship context

The aim of this Master’s thesis was to study the antecedents of customer satisfaction and behavioral intentions and their relative relationships in the sports sponsorship context. The possible antecedents under investigation in the current research are service value and service quality. As the academic background in the sports sponsorship literature is still rather modest there was a need for further empirical testing. The theoretical part of the research builds on the existing services marketing literature with sports sponsorship and business-to-business contexts in mind. The empirical study focused on the case company Liiga-SaiPa Oy. The data for the empirical analysis was collected via quantitative online survey. The total sample consisted of 357 the case company’s business customers and a total of 80 usable responses were collected. The data was analyzed by using statistical analysis software, SPSS. According to the results of the empirical analysis the most important antecedent of behavioral intentions in the underlying context is customer satisfaction. Also service value was found to have a direct and positive relationship with behavioral intentions. Moreover no indirect relationships through satisfaction were found between service quality and service value and behavioral intentions. However both constructs of service value and service quality were diagnosed to have a direct and positive effect on customer satisfaction. Service quality was also found to be a direct antecedent of service value with other service value benefits. However a contradicting finding with the current literature was, that service value sacrifices were not found to have a significant relationship with overall service value perceptions.

Role of service and data reuse in enterprises

Digitalization has been predicted to change the future as a growing range of non-routine tasks will be automated, offering new kinds of business models for enterprises. Serviceoriented architecture (SOA) provides a basis for designing and implementing welldefined problems as reusable services, allowing computers to execute them. Serviceoriented design has potential to act as a mediator between IT and human resources, but enterprises struggle with their SOA adoption and lack a linkage between the benefits and costs of services. This thesis studies the phenomenon of service reuse in enterprises, proposing an ontology to link different kinds of services with their role conceptually as a part of the business model. The proposed ontology has been created on the basis of qualitative research conducted in three large enterprises. Service reuse has two roles in enterprises: it enables automated data sharing among human and IT resources, and it may provide cost savings in service development and operations. From a technical viewpoint, the ability to define a business problem as a service is one of the key enablers for achieving service reuse. The research proposes two service identification methods, first to identify prospective services in the existing documentation of the enterprise and secondly to model the services from a functional viewpoint, supporting service identification sessions with business stakeholders.