MASTER DATA MANAGEMENT MATURITY AND TECHNOLOGY ASSESSMENT - From theory to practice, case Ineo Oy

After decades of mergers and acquisitions and successive technology trends such as CRM, ERP and DW, the data in enterprise systems is scattered and inconsistent. Global organizations face the challenge of addressing local uses of shared business entities, such as customer and material, and at the same time have a consistent, unique, and consolidate view of financial indicators. In addition, current enterprise systems do not accommodate the pace of organizational changes and immense efforts are required to maintain data. When it comes to systems integration, ERPs are considered “closed” and expensive. Data structures are complex and the “out-of-the-box” integration options offered are not based on industry standards. Therefore expensive and time-consuming projects are undertaken in order to have required data flowing according to business processes needs. Master Data Management (MDM) emerges as one discipline focused on ensuring long-term data consistency. Presented as a technology-enabled business discipline, it emphasizes business process and governance to model and maintain the data related to key business entities. There are immense technical and organizational challenges to accomplish the “single version of the truth” MDM mantra. Adding one central repository of master data might prove unfeasible in a few scenarios, thus an incremental approach is recommended, starting from areas most critically affected by data issues. This research aims at understanding the current literature on MDM and contrasting it with views from professionals. The data collected from interviews revealed details on the complexities of data structures and data management practices in global organizations, reinforcing the call for more in-depth research on organizational aspects of MDM. The most difficult piece of master data to manage is the “local” part, the attributes related to the sourcing and storing of materials in one particular warehouse in The Netherlands or a complex set of pricing rules for a subsidiary of a customer in Brazil. From a practical perspective, this research evaluates one MDM solution under development at a Finnish IT solution-provider. By means of applying an existing assessment method, the research attempts at providing the company with one possible tool to evaluate its product from a vendor-agnostics perspective.

Gender-tutkimuksen uusi vuosikymmen : queer theory

Kirjallisuusarvostelu

Elämänkokemukset ja koherenssin tunne – typologinen tutkimus grounded theory -metodologiaa soveltaen

Tutkimuksen tarkoituksena on laadullisin menetelmin syventää tietoa työikäisten (28–60-vuotiaiden) suomalaisten kvantitatiivisesti mitatun koherenssin tunteen takana olevista tekijöistä. Tutkimuksella halutaan tuottaa aineistolähtöisesti tietoa siitä, mitkä käsitteet kuvaavat tutkittavien kerrottujen elämänkokemusten kautta selvitettyä koherenssin tunnetta ja samalla lisäämään ymmärrystä Antonovskyn salutogeenisesta teoreettisesta mallista. Tutkimukseen osallistuneet olivat Health and Social Support tutkimukseen vuosina 1998 ja 2003 osallistuneita. Koko kyseinen tutkimusotos edusti vuonna 1998 20–24, 30–34, 40–44 ja 50–54 -vuotiasta Suomen väestöä. Tutkimuksen metodina käytettiin glaserilaista grounded theory -metodologiaa. Tutkimuksen aineistonkeruu toteutettiin kolmessa eri vaiheessa. Ensimmäisessä vaiheessa haastateltiin 27 tutkittavaa. Toisessa vaiheessa haastateltavilta kerättiin lisäaineistoa kirjallisesti. Kahdeksan vastasi tähän pyyntöön. Kolmannessa vaiheessa haastateltiin seitsemää. Haastattelujen yhteydessä haastateltavat täyttivät koherenssin tunteen mittarin (13-osainen). Aineisto analysoitiin koherenssipisteiden mukaisesti kolmena eri aineistona. Tulokseksi saatiin substantiivinen teoria. Tutkimuksen tuloksena kuvattiin sosiaalinen perusprosessi, joka nimitettiin Elämän kokonaisuudeksi tässä hetkessä. Sosiaalisen perusprosessin sisällä on typologia. Jokaisesta koherenssipisteryhmästä muodostettiin oma typologia. Kukin typologia sisälsi neljä tyyppiä. Sosiaalisen perusprosessin vaiheet olivat: ehdot tämän hetken taustalla, eläminen ehtojen varassa ja uusia luoden (tietynlainen ihminen, eläminen tässä hetkessä, kokonaisnäkemys elämästä) sekä jatkaminen ehtojen varassa ja uusia luoden. Typologiat ovat nimeltään eheät, pärjäävät ja sinnittelijät. Haastateltavien kokemuksia ei analyysivaiheessa pyritty liittämään tiettyyn kontekstiin, vaan ne liittyivät toimintaan ja käyttäytymiseen. Tulosten tarkasteluvaiheessa tehtiin kuitenkin lyhyt kuvaus elämänkulkututkimuksesta sekä sosiaalisesta ja kulttuurisesta ympäristöstä. Tutkimustulokset ovat kuvailevia ja niiden perusteella saadaan viitteitä siitä, millaiset asiat ovat yhteydessä koherenssin tunteeseen ja millä tavalla yhteys rakentuu. Saatu substantiivinen teoria on pätevä tässä aineistossa. Tulokset noudattelevat Antonovskyn salutogeenista teoreettista mallia siltä osin, että mitä korkeammat koherenssipisteet olivat, sitä enemmän typologiassa oli eheyttä lisääviä tekijöitä. Eheys tuo elämään henkistä liikkumavaraa, jota typologian tyypit (rakentava, ilmavasti elävä, elämänmyönteinen, juureva realisti) ilmentävät. Typologioiden kuvauksista voidaan lukea, että kaikissa tyypeissä kuvataan vaikeita elämänkokemuksia. Olennaista on se, miten näihin vaikeuksiin suhtaudutaan. Eheillä on parhaat edellytykset käsitellä elämän haasteita. Voidaan kuitenkin todeta, että kaikki tähän tutkimukseen osallistuneet olivat selviytyjiä.

Social ventures : the development of the theory of sustainable contributive advantage and initial empirical tests

This thesis attempts to fill gaps in both a theoretical basis and an operational and strategic understanding in the areas of social ventures, social entrepreneurship and nonprofit business models. This study also attempts to bridge the gap in strategic and economic theory between social and commercial ventures. More specifically, this thesis explores sustainable competitive advantage from a resource-based theory perspective and explores how it may be applied to the nonmarket situation of nonprofit organizations and social ventures. It is proposed that a social value-orientation of sustainable competitive advantage, called sustainable contributive advantage, provides a more realistic depiction of what is necessary in order for a social venture to perform better than its competitors over time. In addition to providing this realistic depiction, this research provides a substantial theoretical contribution in the area of economics, social ventures, and strategy research, specifically in regards to resource-based theory. The proposed model for sustainable contributive advantage uses resource-based theory and competitive advantage in order to be applicable to social ventures. This model proposes an explanation of a social venture’s ability to demonstrate consistently superior performance. In order to determine whether sustainable competitive advantage is in fact, appropriate to apply to both social and economic environments, quantitative analyses are conducted on a large sample of nonprofit organizations in a single industry and then compared to similar quantitative analyses conducted on commercial ventures. In comparing the trends and strategies between the two types of entities from a quantitative perspective, propositions are developed regarding a social venture’s resource utilization strategies and their possible impact on performance. Evidence is found to support the necessity of adjusting existing models in resource-based theory in order to apply them to social ventures. Additionally supported is the proposed theory of sustainable contributive advantage. The thesis concludes with recommendations for practitioners, researchers and policy makers as well as suggestions for future research paths.

Towards conceptually comprehensive and integrated theory of entrepreneurial opportunity

Insufficient understanding of entrepreneurial opportunities characterizes entrepreneurship research (Companys & McMullen 2006, 302). Subsequently, the purpose of this study was to analyze the concept of entrepreneurial opportunity and to explore and synthetize the integrated theory of entrepreneurial opportunity. A theoretical and concept analytical approach was adapted. Findings of this study was that entrepreneurial opportunity concept was used for variety of different phenomena. No commonly accepted definition existed. Altogether 24 attributes that described the concept were found. The most frequently attached attributes were agent and action, new goods and services, market, value, new means ends or both, and future. Further, the results implied that opportunity could be best understood as a part of a process. Opportunity emerges out of intervened factors. Changes in the environment together with factors related to knowledge, cognition and social ties are the most important drivers of opportunity. Preventing factors that impeded the emergence of opportunity were typically related to cognitive and organizational factors. This study found a tendency towards more integrated theory of entrepreneurial opportunity. The integrated theory acknowledged the usefulness of both discovery and creation theories of opportunity in explaining opportunity. Yet three argument types of integrating two different opportunity theories were identified. These were process category, contextual category and complementing category. Opportunity is at the same time cognitive, social and linguistic construct, although it is shaped by the objective environment. Opportunity requires linguistic endeavors to become explicit. Materialization of opportunity occurs in a social context. Moreover, it is always characterized by some extent of subjectivity, as opportunities cannot appear without the agent and their action. Due to these the concept remains always to some extent ambiguous. Tolerating and harnessing change and investing in human and social capital create the preeminent environment for the entrepreneurial opportunity to be identified.

Grounded theory -tutkimusmenetelmä ja sen käyttö akateemisissa julkaisuissa

Työn tavoitteena on selvittää mitä on grounded theory, miten se on sovellettavissa akateemisissa julkaisuissa ja miten eri julkaisujen grounded theory -tutkimukset eroavat toisistaan. Työ on toteutettu järjestelmällisesti analysoimalla neljän markkinointia käsittelevän lehden julkaisemat GT-tutkimukset vuosina 2000-2012. Tuloksina havaitaan lehdille tyypillisiä ominaispiirteitä. Tarkastelun kohteena ovat tutkimusotannat, tutkimusprosessit, tutkimusten aihealueet sekä tutkimuksissa esitetyt lopputulokset. Lisäksi työssä tarkastellaan havaittuja trendejä grounded theory tutkimuksissa sekä pohditaan tutkimusmenetelmän tulevaisuutta. Perinteinen GT-tutkimus on tietyissä akateemisissa lehdissä yhä yleisesti käytetty menetelmä, mutta sen soveltava käyttö, sekä monimenetelmäiset tutkimukset ovat selvässä kasvussa.

Adaptive control of Hydraulic Drive

Adaptive control systems are one of the most significant research directions of modern control theory. It is well known that every mechanical appliance’s behavior noticeably depends on environmental changes, functioning-mode parameter changes and changes in technical characteristics of internal functional devices. An adaptive controller involved in control process allows reducing an influence of such changes. In spite of this such type of control methods is applied seldom due to specifics of a controller designing. The work presented in this paper shows the design process of the adaptive controller built by Lyapunov’s function method for the Hydraulic Drive. The calculation needed and the modeling were conducting with MATLAB® software including Simulink® and Symbolic Math Toolbox™ etc. In the work there was applied the Jacobi matrix linearization of the object’s mathematical model and derivation of the suitable reference models based on Newton’s characteristic polynomial. The intelligent adaptive to nonlinearities algorithm for solving Lyapunov’s equation was developed. Developed algorithm works properly but considered plant is not met requirement of functioning with. The results showed confirmation that adaptive systems application significantly increases possibilities in use devices and might be used for correction a system’s behavior dynamics.

Interpersonal understanding and theory of mind

En populär idé inom dagens filosofiska och psykologiska forskning om interpersonlig förståelse, är idén att vi använder en kognitiv funktion (eller metod) för att förstå andra människor, en så kallad ”theory of mind” funktion. Denna idé förekommer inom ett brett vetenskapligt fält så som inom evolutionspsykologi, inom teorier om barns utveckling, inom teorier om autism, samt inom emotionsfilosofi och moralfilosofi. Avsikten i denna studie är att se närmare på vissa inflytelserika filosofiska och psykologiska teorier om interpersonlig förståelse, teorier som också har en stark koppling till empirisk forskning. I arbetet hävdar Gustafsson att teorierna ifråga avspeglar vissa klassiska, filosofiskt problematiska, antaganden. Dessa antaganden präglar teorierna ifråga samt påverkar hur de empiriska undersökningarna byggs upp och hur resultat tolkas.

Kjærlighet i forbundethet : en kraft i gamle menneskers åndelighet og verdighet

The thesis is rooted in caring science and the notion that the human being is an indivisible unity of body, soul and spirit. The purpose is to search for new, or expanded knowledge and understanding of the substance of the human’s spiritual space, as well as aspects that may constitute a foundation for the safeguard of human dignity. The clinical research study concerns the importance of spirituality and dignity in the care for older people. The thesis consists of three substudies with four articles, and the methodology is based on Gadamer’s philosophical hermeneutics. Through a metasynthesis of 17 research articles, sub-study I searched for understanding of the concept of spirituality as it may appear in reality (deduction). 17 older people were interviewed in sub-study II. This sub-study sought understanding for spirituality and dignity in the specific reality (induction). Sub-study III searched for theory development regarding spirituality, through a literature review of 20 research articles and a text by Tillich (abduction). The findings imply that spirituality entails human beings’ connectedness with one’s inner space and connectedness beyond oneself. Love in connectedness appears as a force in both spirituality and dignity. Themes portrayed include understanding of the spiritual space, religiousness, dignity, and spiritual care. The relationship between dignity and spirituality can be seen in the confirmation of human worth and care for the whole human being, including the spiritual dimension, and this is understood as a prerequisite for perceived dignity. It seems to be important that older people feel valued, loved, not abandoned, and alive. The theoretical model portrays love as a reunifying and connecting force that may foster confirmation, serving, longing and holiness. The movement towards connectedness may create room for the human being’s perception of dignity and holiness, and as such, it may be a force in the search for wholeness and becoming in health.

Family ownership – a source of sustainable success in listed companies

Extant research on exchange-listed firms has acknowledged that the concentration of ownership and the identity of owners make a difference. In addition, studies indicate that firms with a dominant owner outperform firms with dispersed ownership. During the last few years, scholars have identified one group of owners, in particular, whose ownership stake in publicly listed firm is positively related to performance: the business family. While acknowledging that family firms represent a unique organizational form, scholars have identified various concepts and theories in order to understand how the family influences organizational processes and firm performance. Despite multitude of research, scholars have not been able to present clear results on how firm performance is actually impacted by the family. In other words, studies comparing the performance of listed family and other types of firms have remained descriptive in nature since they lack empirical data and confirmation from the family business representatives. What seems to be missing is a convincing theory that links the involvement and behavioral consequences. Accordingly, scholars have not yet come to a mutual understanding of what precisely constitutes a family business. The variety of different definitions and theories has made comparability of different results difficult for instance. These two issues have hampered the development of a rigorous theory of family business. The overall objective of this study is to describe and understand how the family as a dominant owner can enhance firm performance, and can act a source of sustainable success in listed companies. In more detail, in order to develop understanding of the unique factors that can act as competitive advantages for listed family firms, this study is based on a qualitative approach and aims at theory development, not theory verification. The data in this study consist of 16 thematic interviews with CEOs, members of the board, supervisory board chairs, and founders of Finnish listed-family firms. The study consists of two parts. The first part introduces the research topic, research paradigm, methods, and publications, and also discusses the overall outcomes and contributions of the publications. The second part consists of four publications that address the research questions from different viewpoints. The analyses of this study indicate that family ownership in listed companies represents a structure that differs from the traditional views of agency and stewardship, as well as from resource-based and stakeholder views. As opposed to these theories and shareholder capitalism which consider humans as individualistic, opportunistic, and self-serving, and assume that the behaviors of an investor are based on the incentives and motivations to maximize private profits, the family owners form a collective social unit that is motivated to act together toward their mutual purpose or benefit. In addition, socio-emotional and psychological elements of ownership define the family members as owners, rather than the legal and financial dimensions of ownership. That is, collective psychological ownership of family over the business (F-CPO) can be seen as a construct that comprehensively captures the fusion between the family and the business. Moreover, it captures the realized, rather than merely potential, family influence on and interaction with the business, and thereby brings more theoretical clarity of the nature of the fusion between the family and the business, and offers a solution to the problem of family business definition. This doctoral dissertation provides academics, policy-makers, family business practitioners, and the society at large with many implications considering family and business relationships.