Offset-print mottling measurement using machine vision

Mottling is one of the key defects in offset-printing. Mottling can be defined as unwanted unevenness of print. In this work, diameter of a mottle spot is defined between 0.5-10.0 mm. There are several types of mottling, but the reason behind the problem is still not fully understood. Several commercial machine vision products for the evaluation of print unevenness have been presented. Two of these methods used in these products have been implemented in this thesis. The one is the cluster method and the other is the band-pass method. The properties of human vision system have been taken into account in the implementation of these two methods. An index produced by the cluster method is a weighted sum of the number of found spots, and an index produced by band-pass method is a weighted sum of coefficients of variations of gray-levels for each spatial band. Both methods produce larger indices for visually poor samples, so they can discern good samples from the poor ones. The difference between the indices for good and poor samples is slightly larger produced by the cluster method. 11 However, without the samples evaluated by human experts, the goodness of these results is still questionable. This comparison will be left to the next phase of the project.

Visual Measurement and Modelling of Tool Wear in Rough Turning

Huolimatta korkeasta automaatioasteesta sorvausteollisuudessa, muutama keskeinen ongelma est���� sorvauksen t��ydellisen automatisoinnin. Yksi n��ist�� ongelmista on ty��kalun kuluminen. T��m�� ty�� keskittyy toteuttamaan automaattisen j��rjestelm��n kulumisen, erityisesti viistekulumisen, mittaukseen konen����n avulla. Kulumisen mittausj��rjestelm�� poistaa manuaalisen mittauksen tarpeen ja minimoi ajan, joka k��ytet����n ty��kalun kulumisen mittaukseen. Mittauksen lis��ksi tutkitaan kulumisen mallinnusta sek�� ennustamista. Automaattinen mittausj��rjestelm�� sijoitettiin sorvin sis��lle ja j��rjestelm�� integroitiin onnistuneesti ulkopuolisten j��rjestelmien kanssa. Tehdyt kokeet osoittivat, ett�� mittausj��rjestelm�� kykenee mittaamaan ty��kalun kulumisen j��rjestelm��n oikeassa ymp��rist��ss��. Mittausj��rjestelm�� pystyy my��s kest��m����n h��iri��it��, jotka ovat konen��k��j��rjestelmille yleisi��. Ty��kalun kulumista mallinnusta tutkittiin useilla eri menetelmill��. N��ihin kuuluivat muiden muassa neuroverkot ja tukivektoriregressio. Kokeet osoittivat, ett�� tutkitut mallit pystyiv��t ennustamaan ty��kalun kulumisasteen k��ytetyn ajan perusteella. Parhaan tuloksen antoivat neuroverkot Bayesil��isell�� regularisoinnilla.

Takuuk��sittelyprosessi Volkswagen Center Espoossa

T��m��n insin����rity��n tavoitteena on hahmottaa koko takuuk��sittelyprosessi VV-auto Espoossa. Prosessi alkaa asiakkaan vikailmoituksesta ja jatkuu viel�� kuukausia auton valmistumisenkin j��lkeen. Insin����rity��ss�� tutkitaan eri ty��vaiheita t��iden vastaanotossa, takuiden selvitt��misess�� ja vaihdettujen osien k��sittelyss��. Insin����rity��ss�� perehdyt����n my��s Volkswagenin tehtaan sek�� maahantuonnin vaatimuksiin ja k��yd����n l��pi takuuanomuksen rakentaminen. Insin����rity��n�� on takuuna vaihdettujen osien kirjaaminen, merkint�� ja varastointi vaatimuksien mukaisesti. Takuuvaraston hoidosta pidettiin p��iv��kirjaa ja l��ydettiin ratkaisuja ongelmiin. Takuiden hyv�� hoito tuottaa isoja s����st��j�� toimipisteen menoissa.

Defining a Performance Measurement System for Technology Marketing Team by Using the Balanced Scorecard Method

This thesis was produced for the Technology Marketing unit at the Nokia Research Center. Technology marketing was a new function at Nokia Research Center, and needed an established framework with the capacity to take into account multiple aspects for measuring the team performance. Technology marketing functions had existed in other parts of Nokia, yet no single method had been agreed upon for measuring their performance. The purpose of this study was to develop a performance measurement system for Nokia Research Center Technology Marketing. The target was that Nokia Research Center Technology Marketing had a framework for separate metrics; including benchmarking for starting level and target values in the future planning (numeric values were kept confidential within the company). As a result of this research, the Balanced Scorecard model of Kaplan and Norton, was chosen for the performance measurement system for Nokia Research Center Technology Marketing. This research selected the indicators, which were utilized in the chosen performance measurement system. Furthermore, performance measurement system was defined to guide the Head of Marketing in managing Nokia Research Center Technology Marketing team. During the research process the team mission, vision, strategy and critical success factors were outlined.

Performance Evaluation and Calibration of Machine Vision Measurement

This thesis presents the calibration and comparison of two systems, a machine vision system that uses 3 channel RGB images and a line scanning spectral system. Calibration. is the process of checking and adjusting the accuracy of a measuring instrument by comparing it with standards. For the RGB system self-calibrating methods for finding various parameters of the imaging device were developed. Color calibration was done and the colors produced by the system were compared to the known colors values of the target. Software drivers for the Sony Robot were also developed and a mechanical part to connect a camera to the robot was also designed. For the line scanning spectral system, methods for the calibrating the alignment of the system and the measurement of the dimensions of the line scanned by the system were developed. Color calibration of the spectral system is also presented.

A Midsummer Night's Dream

Digitoitu 5. 9. 2008.

Sensor Fusion of Proprioception, Force and Vision in Estimation and Robot

Sensor-based robot control allows manipulation in dynamic environments with uncertainties. Vision is a versatile low-cost sensory modality, but low sample rate, high sensor delay and uncertain measurements limit its usability, especially in strongly dynamic environments. Force is a complementary sensory modality allowing accurate measurements of local object shape when a tooltip is in contact with the object. In multimodal sensor fusion, several sensors measuring different modalities are combined to give a more accurate estimate of the environment. As force and vision are fundamentally different sensory modalities not sharing a common representation, combining the information from these sensors is not straightforward. In this thesis, methods for fusing proprioception, force and vision together are proposed. Making assumptions of object shape and modeling the uncertainties of the sensors, the measurements can be fused together in an extended Kalman filter. The fusion of force and visual measurements makes it possible to estimate the pose of a moving target with an end-effector mounted moving camera at high rate and accuracy. The proposed approach takes the latency of the vision system into account explicitly, to provide high sample rate estimates. The estimates also allow a smooth transition from vision-based motion control to force control. The velocity of the end-effector can be controlled by estimating the distance to the target by vision and determining the velocity profile giving rapid approach and minimal force overshoot. Experiments with a 5-degree-of-freedom parallel hydraulic manipulator and a 6-degree-of-freedom serial manipulator show that integration of several sensor modalities can increase the accuracy of the measurements significantly.

Development of Color Difference Equations Matching to Human Vision System

Research on color difference evaluation has been active in recent thirty years. Several color difference formulas were developed for industrial applications. The aims of this thesis are to develop the color density which is denoted by comb g and to propose the color density based chromaticity difference formulas. Color density is derived from the discrimination ellipse parameters and color positions in the xy , xyY and CIELAB color spaces, and the color based chromaticity difference formulas are compared with the line element formulas and CIE 2000 color difference formulas. As a result of the thesis, color density represents the perceived color difference accurately, and it could be used to characterize a color by the attribute of perceived color difference from this color.

Future vision of information networks according to EU 7th framework

The purpose of this thesis is to investigate projects funded in European 7th framework Information and Communication Technology- work programme. The research has been limited to issue ���Pervasive and trusted network and service infrastructure��� and the aim is to find out which are the most important topics into which research will concentrate in the future. The thesis will provide important information for the Department of Information Technology in Lappeenranta University of Technology. First in this thesis will be investigated what are the requirements for the projects which were funded in ���Pervasive and trusted network and service infrastructure��� ��� programme 2007. Second the projects funded according to ���Pervasive and trusted network and service infrastructure���-programme will be listed in to tables and the most important keywords will be gathered. Finally according to the keyword appearances the vision of the most important future topics will be defined. According to keyword-analysis the wireless networks are in important role in the future and core networks will be implemented with fiber technology to ensure fast data transfer. Software development favors Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) and open source solutions. The interoperability and ensuring the privacy are in key role in the future. 3D in all forms and content delivery are important topics as well. When all the projects were compared, the most important issue was discovered to be SOA which leads the way to cloud computing.

Computational Evaluation of Print Unevenness According to Human Vision

Print quality and the printability of paper are very important attributes when modern printing applications are considered. In prints containing images, high print quality is a basic requirement. Tone unevenness and non uniform glossiness of printed products are the most disturbing factors influencing overall print quality. These defects are caused by non ideal interactions of paper, ink and printing devices in high speed printing processes. Since print quality is a perceptive characteristic, the measurement of unevenness according to human vision is a significant problem. In this thesis, the mottling phenomenon is studied. Mottling is a printing defect characterized by a spotty, non uniform appearance in solid printed areas. Print mottle is usually the result of uneven ink lay down or non uniform ink absorption across the paper surface, especially visible in mid tone imagery or areas of uniform color, such as solids and continuous tone screen builds. By using existing knowledge on visual perception and known methods to quantify print tone variation, a new method for print unevenness evaluation is introduced. The method is compared to previous results in the field and is supported by psychometric experiments. Pilot studies are made to estimate the effect of optical paper characteristics prior to printing, on the unevenness of the printed area after printing. Instrumental methods for print unevenness evaluation have been compared and the results of the comparison indicate that the proposed method produces better results in terms of visual evaluation correspondence. The method has been successfully implemented as ail industrial application and is proved to be a reliable substitute to visual expertise.

[May Night]

Soitinnus: piano.

Miten Pohjois-Kymen OP-Kiinteist��keskuksen tulisi toimia Kouvolan seudun Osuuspankin vision ja strategian mukaan

Osuuspankkiryhm�� on valinnut markkinointistrategiakseen asiakassuuntautuneen palvelutavan. Pankin puolella uskotaan, ett�� n��in toimimalla on mahdollista saavuttaa pitk��aikainen asiakkuus ja sit�� kautta saada kilpailuetua muihin pankkeihin n��hden. Koska pankkimaailma, my��s Osusspankkiryhm��, on etsinyt yhteisty��kumppaneita esimerkiksi vakuutusyhti��ist��, t��ss�� tutkimusty��ss�� on k��sitelty my��s suhdemarkkinointia, joka on asiakassuhdemarkkinointia laajempi k��site. Valtakunnallisessa OP-Kiinteist��v��litys -ketjussakin on valittu sama strategia kuin pankin puolella. Lis��ksi alueet voivat tehd�� oman strategian valtakunnallisen pohjalta. pohjois-Kymen OP-Kiinteist��keskus Oy on paikallisen pankin, Kouvolan Seudun Osuuspankin, omistama yritys, joten voidaan v��itt����, ett�� kiinteist��v��lityksen varsinainen teht��v�� on tukea konsernin liiketoiminnan ydint��, pankkitoimintaa. Tutkielmani tarkoitus on pohtia, miten Pohjois-Kymen OP-Kiinteist��keskuksen tulisi toimia pankin vision ja strategian mukaan, huomioituna se, ett�� kiinteist��v��litys on asiantuntija organisaatio ja sill�� on oma valtakunnallinen strategia.

Transfer of Administrative HR Services to Global Service Center in Poland

Liiketoimintaa tukevien palvelujen et��tuotanto edustaa uutta kansainv��listymisen muotoa. Kehittyvien markkinoiden nousu yhdistettyn�� yritysten arvoketjutoimintojen kansainv��listymiseen on luonut yrityksille kasvavan paineen etsi�� parasta sijaintia toiminnoilleen. Monikansalliset yritykset ovat yh�� useammin korvanneet paikallisia henkil��st��palvelujaan siirtym��ll�� globaaliin malliin jaettujen palvelujen tuotannossa. T��m�� diplomity�� on toteutettu tukeakseen UPM:n henkil��st��hallintoa globaalin palvelukeskuksen perustamisessa Puolaan. Tutkimuksen tavoitteena on laajentaa k��sityst�� henkil��st��palvelujen tarjontamallin uudistamiseen johtaneista tekij��ist�� ja motiiveista. Empiirisen tutkimuksen t��rkein tavoite on tukea rekrytoinnin hallinnollisten t��iden siirtoa globaaliin palvelukeskukseen palvelun laadun s��ilyess�� v��hint����n aikaisemmalla tasolla. Tutkimuksen tulokset painottavat strategista n��k��kulmaa muutokseen. Strategiset syyt UPM:n henkil��st��hallinnon globaalin palvelukeskuksen perustamiselle sis��lt��v��t ylikapasiteetin ja p����llekk��isten toimintojen v��hent��misen eri maissa. Muutos lis���� palvelun joustavuutta sek�� edesauttaa toiminnan l��pin��kyvyytt��, ennustettavuutta ja kustannusten valvontaa. Onnistuneesti toteutetut jaetut palvelut voivat toimia hyv��n�� l��ht��kohtana tehokkaiden henkil��st��palvelujen tuottamiselle.

Learning Grasp Affordances from Vision

Monimutkaisissa ja muuttuvissa ymp��rist��iss�� ty��skentelev��t robotit tarvitsevat kyky�� manipuloida ja tarttua esineisiin. T��m�� ty�� tutkii robottitarttumisen ja robottitartuntapis-teiden koneoppimisen aiempaa tutkimusta ja nykytilaa. Nykyaikaiset menetelm��t k��yd����n l��pi, ja Le:n koneoppimiseen pohjautuva luokitin toteutetaan, koska se tarjoaa parhaan onnistumisprosentin tutkituista menetelmist�� ja on muokattavissa sopivaksi k��ytett��viss�� olevalle robotille. Toteutettu menetelm�� k��ytt���� intensititeettikuvaan ja syvyyskuvaan po-hjautuvia ominaisuuksi luokitellakseen potentiaaliset tartuntapisteet. T��m��n toteutuksen tulokset esitell����n.