¿Es preferible la interpretación simultánea de lengua B a lengua A o viceversa?

Se pretende reflexionar sobre si realmente es más eficaz la interpretación simultánea de una lengua extranjera (B) a una lengua materna (A). Hasta la fecha, esa ha sido la teoría defendida por la inmensa mayoría de expertos en la materia; a partir de experimentos y de una serie de factores se ha demostrado que no siempre tiene por qué ser así.

La interpretación judicial: el intérprete de la Ciutat de la Justícia

El presente trabajo pretende ser un reflejo de la realidad del intérprete judicial en los juzgados de Barcelona. En el primer bloque hemos realizado un breve repaso bibliográfico. En el segundo, un estudio de campo que muestra cómo es el intérprete de la Ciutat de la Justícia y cómo trabaja.

Downsizing, Job Insecurity, and Firm Reputation

This paper studies how firms make layoff decisions in the presence of adverse shocks. In this uncertain environment, workers' expectations about their job security affect their on-the-job performance. This productivity effect on job insecurity forces firms to strike a balance between laying off redundant workers and maintaining survivors' commitment when deciding on the amount and timing of downsizing. This framework offers an explanation of conservative employment practices (such as zero or reduced layoffs) based on firms having private information about their future profits. High retention rates and wages can signal that the firm has a bright future, boosting workers' confidence. Moreover, the model provides clear predictions about when waves of downsizing will occur as opposed to one-time massive cuts.

El perfil lingüístico de los aprendientes en el aula multicultural de interpretación en los servicios públicos: Un modelo de análisis

Tras un repaso a los enfoques investigadores (psicolingüístico, sociocultural) en la interpretación de conferencias y en la interpretación en los servicios públicos (ISP), el presente trabajo analiza distintos paradigmas didácticos (paradigma socioconstructivista) en la búsqueda de una propuesta pedagógica para las aulas multiculturales de la ISP, partiendo del modelo de análisis del “Perfil Lingüístico” de los estudiantes. El presente trabajo desarrolla dicho modelo y lo lleva a cabo en un trabajo de campo, abriendo una nueva vía en la investigación de una pedagogía para la ISP.

Interpretación versus ejecución : redescubriendo el lenguaje de la música

Interpretación versus Ejecución es un proyecto que pretende sentar las bases para el planteamiento de una versión propia e informada de obras de diferentes estilos musicales. Se presta especial atención a las prácticas propias de cada estilo – barroco, clásico, romántico y contemporáneo - y su posible aplicación con la flauta moderna en cuatro obras concretas. La metodología empleada ha consistido en la búsqueda de información en tratados, libros, art��culos, así como entrevistas y clases con músicos expertos en cada uno de los temas. El proyecto pretende impulsar el interés del joven músico por una búsqueda personal e informada de las prácticas interpretativas que redunde en una interpretación propia de las obras que desee tocar.

La Cantata a Europa a l’entorn del segle XVIII : música da camera italiana del Barroc tardà

La cantata da camera italiana va tenir el seu màxim esplendor durant el segle XVII i principis del XVIII. A partir de l’anàlisi d’obres de quatre compositors (Albinoni, Scarlatti, Caldara i Vivaldi) s’estudia l’evolució d’aquesta forma, els seus orígens i la seva interpretació, fent especial atenció al text i a l’ornamentació.

Wage rigidity and job creation

Recent research in macroeconomics emphasizes the role of wage rigidity in accounting for the volatility of unemployment fluctuations. We use worker-level datafrom the CPS to measure the sensitivity of wages of newly hired workers to changesin aggregate labor market conditions. The wage of new hires, unlike the aggregatewage, is volatile and responds almost one-to-one to changes in labor productivity.We conclude that there is little evidence for wage stickiness in the data. We alsoshow, however, that a little wage rigidity goes a long way in amplifying the responseof job creation to productivity shocks.

Job satisfaction and life satisfaction: Analysis of a reciprocal model with social demographic moderators

The general objective of the study was to empirically test a reciprocal model of job satisfaction and life satisfaction while controlling for some social demographic variables. 827 employees working in 34 car dealerships in Northern Quebec (56% responses rate) were surveyed. The multiple item questionnaires were analysed using correlation analysis, chi square and ANOVAs. Results show interesting patterns emerging for the relationships between job and life satisfaction of which 49.2% of all individuals have spillover, 43.5% compensation, and 7.3% segmentation type of relationships. Results, nonetheless, are far richer and the model becomes much more refined when social demographic indicators are taken into account. Globally, social demographic variables demonstrate some effects on each satisfaction individually but also on the interrelation (nature of the relations) between life and work satisfaction.

Compensating wage differentials and voluntary job changes: Evidence from West Germany

Does the labor market place wage premia on jobs that involve physical strain,job, insecurity or bad regulation of hours? This paper derives bounds on themonetary returns to these job disamenities in the West German labor market.We show that in a market with dispersion in both job characteristics andwages, the average wage change of workers who switch jobs voluntarily and optfor consuming more (less) disamenities,provides an upper (lower) bound on themarket return to the disamenity. Using longitudinal information from workersin the German Socio Economic Panel, we estimate an upper bound of 5% and alower bound of 3.5% for the market return to work strain in a job.

Turbulence and unemployment in a job matching model

According to Ljungqvist and Sargent (1998), high European unemployment since the 1980s can be explained by a rise in economic turbulence, leading to greater numbers of unemployed workers with obsolete skills. These workers refuse new jobs due to high unemployment benefits. In this paper we reassess the turbulence-unemployment relationship using a matching model with endogenous job destruction. In our model, higher turbulence reduces the incentives of employed workers to leave their jobs. If turbulence has only a tiny effect on the skills of workers experiencing endogenous separation, then the results of Lungqvist and Sargent (1998, 2004) are reversed, and higher turbulence leads to a reduction in unemployment. Thus, changes in turbulence cannot provide an explanation for European unemployment that reconciles the incentives of both unemployed and employed workers.

An investigation of the relationship between job characteristics and the gender wage gap

This paper re-examines gender wage differences, taking into account notonly worker characteristics but also job characteristics. Considerationof a wide set of job quality indicators can explain a fraction of thewage gap that would otherwise be attributed to pure wage discrimination.In any case, the fraction of the wage gap that remains associated todifferential rewards for identical factors across sexes is stillsubstantial. Our results suggest that in order to avoid overestimationof the fraction of the wage gap attributable to discrimination, it isnecessary to control for job characteristics.

Shocks and institutions in a job matching model

This paper explains the divergent behavior of European an US unemploymentrates using a job market matching model of the labor market with aninteraction between shocks an institutions. It shows that a reduction inTF growth rates, an increase in real interest rates, and an increase intax rates leads to a permanent increase in unemployment rates when thereplacement rates or initial tax rates are high, while no increase inunemployment occurs when institutions are "employment friendly". The paperalso shows that an increase in turbulence, modelle as an increase probabilityof skill loss, is not a robust explanation for the European unemploymentpuzzle in the context of a matching model with both endogenous job creationand job estruction.

Job creation under liquidity constraints: The Spanish case

This paper shows that liquidity constraints restrict jobcreation even when labor markets are flexible. In a dynamicmodel of labor demand, I show that in an environment of imperfect capital and imperfect labor markets, firms usetemporary contracts to relax financial constraints. Evidence for the predictions of the model is presented using Spanish data from the CBBE (Central de Balances del Banco de España - Balance Sheet data from the Bank of Spain). It is shown that firms substitute temporary laborfor permanent one and use less debt as their financial position improves. In particular, it is rejected that Spanish firms operate in an environment of free capital markets and of no labor adjustment costs. The labor reform of 1984, which created temporary contracts, implied to some extent a relaxation of liquidity constraints.Accordingly, firms used these contracts more extensivelyand used less debt; however, as capital markets continueto be imperfect, permanent job creation continues to beslow. Consequently, relaxation of liquidity constraints should also be part of a job creation strategy.

Downsizing, job insecurity and firm reputation

This paper studies how firms make layoff decisions in the presence of adverse shocks. In this uncertain environment, workers' expectations about their job security affect their on-the-job performance. This productivity effect on job insecurity forces firms to strike a balance between laying off redundant workers and maintaining survivors' commitment when deciding on the amount and timing of downsizing. This framework offers an explanation of conservative employment practices (such as zero or reduced layoffs) based on firms having private information about their future profits. High retention rates and wages can signal that the firm has a bright future, boosting workers' confidence. Moreover, the model provides clear predictions about when waves of downsizing will occur as opposed to one-time massive cuts.

A simple optimised search heuristic for the job-shop scheduling problem

This paper presents a simple Optimised Search Heuristic for the Job Shop Scheduling problem that combines a GRASP heuristic with a branch-and-bound algorithm. The proposed method is compared with similar approaches and leads to better results in terms of solution quality and computing times.