The internationalization process of mychild to São Paulo, Brazil

A Work Project, presented as part of the requirements for the Award of a Masters Degree in Management from the NOVA – School of Business and Economics

As estratégias de política externa na construção do Brasil emergente: uma análise do período de Lula da Silva, 2003-2010

O presente trabalho de investigação estuda a estratégia de política externa brasileira enquanto causa para a emergência internacional do Brasil. Pretendemos compreender em que medida as opções de política externa determinaram a emergência internacional do Brasil durante o período dos Governos de Lula da Silva (2003-2006 e 2007-2010). A emergência internacional é aqui entendida enquanto uma atitude de aumento do protagonismo internacional do país e da influência das decisões e do desenho do sistema internacional. Ao mesmo tempo tentou verificar-se se essa emergência ocorreu em simultâneo com a ascensão do Brasil a um novo estatuto na hierarquia dos Estados no sistema internacional, tendo em conta o seu objectivo de contribuir para uma ordem multipolar. A nossa investigação, sustentada pelas abordagens Realista Neoclássica e Construtivista, partiu da premissa de que as estratégias de política externa do Brasil têm sido marcados por uma tendência para projectar a influência internacional do Brasil, e que, com Lula da Silva, a recuperação de uma política externa assertiva e pragmática contribuiu para o sucesso dessas tentativas. Por conseguinte, a capacidade do Brasil em criar condições de estabilidade interna (redução da pobreza e crescimento económico) e regional terão estado também na base da sua projecção internacional. Simultaneamente, a reorganização do sistema internacional a par da rentabilização das oportunidades, e uma nova postura na formulação da política externa pelos actores responsáveis, formam o puzzle que permitiu dar continuidade e consolidar, durante os dois mandatos de Lula, ao percurso de ascensão do Brasil no sistema internacional. A investigação permitiu-nos retirar quatro conclusões essenciais: i) é indiscutível o peso da variável actores na emergência internacional do Brasil enquanto resultado de política externa; ii) a região não foi determinante na emergência internacional do país, mas influenciou, indirectamente, essa aspiração ao permitir que o Brasil se projectasse como um interlocutor válido e como uma Potência Regional; iii) a estratégia desenvolvida com as Grandes Potências não determinou a emergência internacional do Brasil e iv) as dimensões Sul-Sul e Multilateral da estratégia externa do Brasil tiveram um efeito directo na emergência internacional do país ao tornarem possível a actuação autónoma e independente do país. Em síntese, o revisionismo que caracterizou a política externa do Brasil não foi feito por confrontação com os Estados Unidos (ou com a União Europeia), pelo contrário, com ambos os actores se manteve uma relação assertiva. Foi ainda possível verificar a existência não apenas de uma política externa assertiva, mas também reactiva e personalizada, o que pode ser característico dos Estados que estão no «meio», os quais serão provavelmente menos imunes às características dos contextos e dos actores, do que os que estão no topo da hierarquia.

Education in Brazil: A big challenge?

Brazil is an emerging country where community school is being promoted in order to respond to the still significant gap between the poor and the rich population. This paper attempts to analyze one community school. Although other social programs whose scopes are also to enhance education have been implemented, such as the "Bolsa Familia", the impact of community schools need attention as well. Indeed, community schools must be studied due to the relevant positive attributes they can provide. Moreover, by improving the quality of education, studies show an enhancement of a higher-skilled nation and a better qualified labour force for the future. To clearly demonstrate the impacts of these communities, the treatment effect will be measured by using a matching estimator.

The establishment mode choice of German multinational enterprises in Brazil: A comparative approach

We examine the drivers behind the establishment mode choice of German multinational enterprises (MNEs) in the sectors of Automotive, Chemicals and Mechanical Engineering in Brazil for the years 1993-2013 using a novel sample of primary data obtained directly from German MNEs. Based on prevalent theories found in the literature, we test the most common hypotheses on our sample. Firms with high R&D activities and firms with prior market knowledge in Brazil in from of previous sales offices are more likely to enter Brazil by a Greenfield investment. We also show that it is the specific private ownership of the German so-called hidden champions that drive those specific SMEs to enter Brazil by Greenfield, a sneaking suspicion that has been made before. Finally, we show that the establishment mode choice between Brazil and the USA only deviates to a low extent, with German MNEs preferring to enter Brazil by Greenfield and the USA by M&A. Thereby, we provide valuable insights for future research in this field.

Potential M&A between TIM Brazil and Oi S.A: The irreversible force of Telecommunications convergence

The intrinsic forces of market aiming for telecom industry convergence has arrived to Brazil. This case presents real characters, a sequence of events and other public information that has been impacting two corporations studied in this case. TIM Brazil and Oi S.A, two top players in the Brazilian telecom industry mobile and fixed segment respectively. While a merge between the two of them looks perfect and simple in an operational perspective due to its vertical complementarity, bring to them opportunities to win over a bundle offer (multi service package) that will consolidate their market predominance. Macroeconomic and internal corporate contrasts between these companies’ environment might signal that an impulsive could have a high price to pay in the future.

Internationalization strategy of reliance to Brazil

This Work Project was focused, firstly, in an internal analysis to assess the possible competitive advantage sources of the firm and to identify the key weakness that the firm should improve before advancing with the internationalization strategy. Completed the analysis was possible to verify that the source of sustainable competitive advantage of Relance is the use of specific raw materials and that its biggest weaknesses are the lack of capacity and the excessive dependence on key employees. Overall, it was possible to conclude that the firm is in position of competing in the international markets. Secondly, due to its crucial importance, the country selection was made with a deep objective analysis, resulting with the selection of Brazil as the country with the highest market potential. Regarding the strategy to actually enter in Brazil’s market, after the study of 12 modes of entry it was possible to conclude that there is no ideal mode. However, the study performed allowed to undertake the conclusion that in order to obtain long-term optimization on the process, the adaptation, to the firm´s situation, of the Uppsala model progressive stages is the ideal. At the course of this Work Project it was inferred that the critical success factors are the choice of the distributor and the promotion of Relance as a premium brand.

Gallo Worldwide: Sustainability of competitive position in Brazil

Case Study

A comparative review of risk based portfolio allocations: An empirical study throughout rising yields

Since the financial crisis, risk based portfolio allocations have gained a great deal in popularity. This increase in popularity is primarily due to the fact that they make no assumptions as to the expected return of the assets in the portfolio. These portfolios implicitly put risk management at the heart of asset allocation and thus their recent appeal. This paper will serve as a comparison of four well-known risk based portfolio allocation methods; minimum variance, maximum diversification, inverse volatility and equally weighted risk contribution. Empirical backtests will be performed throughout rising interest rate periods from 1953 to 2015. Additionally, I will compare these portfolios to more simple allocation methods, such as equally weighted and a 60/40 asset-allocation mix. This paper will help to answer the question if these portfolios can survive in a rising interest rate environment.

Land of the rising soy an internationalization plan for nutre to the Japanese Soy milk market

The present work project studies the next step in the internationalization process of Shoyce, the soy milk products brand of Nutre. In order to select the best target market in the Asia-Pacific for Nutre to export, a sequential screening process was developed using two complementary approaches: preliminary country screening and country ranking, followed by an in-depth analysis of the country ranking first. The analysis revealed Japan as the most attractive country for Shoyce’s international expansion. Potential entry modes in the Japanese soy milk market were then evaluated, whereby direct exporting via a local distributor was found to be the most appropriate.