A gestão de risco operacional na distribuição de seguros automóvel através de rede bancária

A globalização e desregulamentação da actividade financeira de uma forma geral conduziu, ao contrário de outras actividades, à diversificação da actividade bancária. A comercialização de seguros em canais de distribuição bancários, bancassurance, foi uma das diversificações a que assistimos nos últimos 25 anos. Esta actividade pode resultar de diversas relações contratuais, desde de um simples contracto de distribuição de produtos até à participação cruzada numa empresa participada. A distribuição de seguros em redes não especializadas, como a bancária, assume hoje uma realidade com diferentes expressões consoante se trate de seguros vida - poupança ou seguros não vida - patrimoniais, relativos a pessoas e de responsabilidades. Esta comercialização de produtos em redes de distribuição não especializada veio colocar de forma ainda mais pertinente a questão dos riscos operacionais. É o estudo desta realidade para um determinando contexto no âmbito da actividade seguradora Não Vida, e para uma rede de distribuição não especializada que aqui levamos a cabo.

Cessão da garantia bancária autónoma

La cession de la garantie bancaire autonome, est sans doute un aspect de la plus grande pertinence pour le cessionnaire d'un crédit accordé, c’est un autre moyen que le commerce, «máxime», le commerce international met à ses exploitantes ou ses operateurs pour obtenir de la liquidité. Nous espérons avec ce travail, d'analyser l'applicabilité de la garantie bancaire autonome, en partant du principe selon lequel en cas de transfert de crédit, les respectives garanties et autres accessoires également se transmettent. Basé sur la doctrine internationale, notamment italienne et portugaise, nous avons l'intention de parvenir à une solution que permet une application correcte de l'institut concerné, dans le cadre droit Santoméen, c'est à dire, c'est qui permet au cessionnaire d'une créance de protéger, effectivement, ses intérêts légitimes.

O processo de institucionalização das medicinas alternativas e complementares. O caso da acupunctura em Portugal

Tese apresentada para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Doutor em Sociologia, Especialidadede Sociologia do Desenvolvimento e da Mudança Social

Políticas da memória da I Guerra Mundial em Portugal 1918-1933. Entre a experiência e o mito

Dissertação apresentada para cumprimento dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do grau de Doutor em História

Reformas sociais da 1ª República

Tese de Doutoramento em História Contemporânea

Do Sucesso Escolar à Educação do Fracasso Violência Escolar e Consciência Crítica nas Representações Sociais dos Professores e Alunos de duas Escolas Públicas do Ensino Secundário

Nossa pergunta de partida é como os professores(as) e alunos(as) do Ensino Secundário de duas escolas públicas do Concelho de Cascais definem o fenómeno da violência escolar, o conceito de educação para a consciência crítica, o sucesso e insucesso escolar; como relacionam esses conceitos? Adoptamos a concepção teórica de Paulo Freire sobre a pedagogia do oprimido e a pedagogia da autonomia. O nosso corpus foi constituído pelos discursos de uma amostra não representativa de docentes e estudantes, recolhidos por meio de entrevistas semi-estruturadas. Concluímos que o conformismo é um reflexo das representações sociais dos atores educativos. Isto está explícito nas suas convicções de afirmação pela busca do sucesso escolar sob o modelo competitivo de educação neoliberal, e, sobretudo, por entenderem por bem que esse “ideal” deve ser conquistado, revelando maioritariamente uma concepção do processo educativo semelhante ao classificado por Paulo Freire como “educação bancária”. Ainda assim, encontrámos algumas definições bem articuladas por uma minoria de professores e alunos, que equacionam o conceito de consciência crítica com a relação educativa, mas sem que isso lhes permita articular um discurso alternativo sobre o sucesso e a violência.

A informação Geográfica em Angola

Quando comparada a outras regiões do mundo e mesmo regionalmente, as tecnologias de geoinformação ainda são pouco utilizadas e difundidas em Angola. Há uma grande carência de profissionais, centros de pesquisa e ensino, desenvolvimento de aplicações e produção técnico-científica. Há carência de uma política nacional de desenvolvimento das TIGs e mecanismos eficazes de gestão e produção de dados, o que se reflete numa fraca difusão da informação, ausência de um quadro normativo e orientações técnicas, entre outros. Há uma grande lacuna no que toca a regulamentação, produção, gestão e disseminação da informação geospacial. A legislação relativa ao domínio da informação geográfica é escassa. É necessário que se consolidem mecanismos legais que visem organizar e regular este setor. Neste contexto, propomos a implementação de uma estratégia sólida e coerente de desenvolvimento, orientada para a gestão, produção e divulgação da informação geográfica que possa integrar a utilização da informação geográfica, implementada no território por organismos que o gerem e cuja missão central é promover o desenvolvimento sustentável.

O contrato de Project Finance

Currently, Angola portrays a notorious economic growth and due to recent innovative legislations, it has become the major investment attracting pole, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa, having, thus, an extraordinary potentiality for a rapid and sustainable development, likely to place her in outstanding positions in the world economic ranking. Yet, such economic growth entails demanding levels of intensive investment in infrastructure, what has been reported of the Angolan Government to be unable to respond to, save if recurring to very high index of external debt, poisoning, in this way, the future budgeting of the country. Due to these infrastructure investment shortages, the cost of production remains highly onerous and the cost of life extremely unaffordable. On this account, the current study disserts about the contract of Project Finance; an alternative finance resource given as a viable solution for the private financing of infrastructure, aiming to demonstrate that such contractual figure, likewise the experience of several emerging economies and others, is a contract bid framework to take into account in today’s world. It refers to a financing technique – through which the Government may satisfy a common need (for example, the construction of a public domain or public servicing), without having to pay neither offer any collateral – based on a complex legal-financial engineering, arranged throughout a coalition of typical and atypical agreements, whereby it is mandatory to look back at the basic concepts of corporate law. More than just a simple financial study, the dissertation at stake analyses the nature and legal framework of Project Finance, which is a legally atypical and innominate contract, concluding that there is a relevant need for regulating and devoting a special legal regime in the Angolan jurisdiction for this promising legal form in the contemporary corporate finance world.

Home Banking

The object of this dissertation is focused on the study of the home banking service and how the allocation of losses due to computer fraud is processed in the scope of this service. When considering the questions raised by the allocation of losses associated with fraudulent operations, it is important to consider, mainly, the behaviour of the user of the home banking service. In our opinion, courts have been too demanding towards the user when judging his action in the use of this service. In this study, we have concluded that, when the user “falls” into a computer fraud scheme, he should not be liable for gross negligent behaviour, even if, due to the fraud, the user revealed all his access codes to a hacker on a page similar to that of his bank. In general, such facts will not be sufficient to qualify the user’s action as grossly negligent. Therefore, the user, under the terms of the Payment Services’ System, must bear the loss up to a maximum of €150, and the bank will face the remainder of the losses. However, if the user, victim of a fraudulent technique, ignored the safety warnings issued by the bank, one must consider, given the specific case, that he contributed to gross negligence in unauthorised payment transactions. Thus, the user must bear all the losses up to the moment when he notifies the bank about the unauthorised transactions. It is the bank’s responsibility to, given the specific case, adduce evidence of the client’s contribution to the identified losses.

A (in)segurança privada em Portugal

Along with the food and the comfort, safety has always been one of the human priorities. In pursuit of this objective, man developed self-preservation mechanisms, went to live in society and created rules to control the community life. In the West and in the late eighteenth century, with the creation of states as we know them today, the monopoly of security, among other powers, has been preserved untouched until the last quarter of this century. With the bankruptcy of the welfare state and the rise of the regulatory state, many of the essential tasks for the community have also been carried out by private companies or institutions, including education, health care and security. Although not easy, education and health care have been more opened to be managed by the private sector. Instead, the privatization of the security sector has seen much more resistance. Still, especially in the West, the states have delegated some of the security competences to private companies. Portugal is no exception to the rule and, after a few years of unregulated activity, in 1982 was published the first law regulating the private security. After the initial stages of development (evolution and maturation), which lasted until the early years of the 2000‘s, the private security now seems to have reached maturity. Today, now with a new legal system, composed by Law no. 34/2013, of 16 may, its regulations and complementary legislation, now private security encompasses other activities and competences - becoming, an increasingly complement to public safety. It has also increased the pre-requisites and control mechanisms for private security companies, and strengthened the rules that limit their scope of activity.

Contrato de abertura de crédito bancário

La recherche que nous avons mené à bien avait pour but, dans un premier temps de comprendre la notion de contrat, ses caractéristiques, fonctions et les garanties qui en peuvent être fournies. Nous invoquerons le contenu du contrat, c'est à dire, les effets de celui-ci en essayant de montrer les droits et obligations auxquels les parties seront liées. Bien qu'étant un contrat assez requérant dans la pratique bancaire, celui-ci n'a pas encore attiré l'attention du législateur de façon à établir un régime qui pourrait lui être appliqué au lieu de s'appuyer sur d'autres contrats lui étant similaires. Nous proposons l'analyse de la cessation du contrat, en se concentrant sur les moyens de la dissolution, survenue suite à la conclusion de l'accord comme la plainte, l'abrogation, l'expiration et la résolution du contrat, en laissant de côté la dissolution du contrat pour des raisons survenues avant la conclusion du contrat, comme la nullité et l'annulation.

O incumprimento do contrato de crédito ao consumo pelo consumidor

Consumer relations, established between the Consumer and the Creditor, which carry a consequent inequality of contractual positioning between the parties, have been pushing the legislator to adopt more rigid regulations with regard to lending for the purchase of goods or services of consum issues. In this sense, the Decree-Law 359/91 was approved, meanwhile repealed by the Decree-Law 133/2009, which regulates the consumer credit agreement’s regime in the portuguese legal system. Through this contract, the financier makes available to the consumer a certain amount of money, which the consumer must repay, plus the respective remuneration (interest) and other charges, according to a refund plan agreed by the parties. The consumer will be in delay if he breaches this stipulation. In case of default, the creditor, notwithstanding, can choose to wait for the performance by the debtor, promote the loss of benefit of the term or the termination of the contract. From the outset it would seem that, in one way or another, the financier, by imposing a forced shortening of the contract duration initially agreed, will lose the right to remuneration for the provision of capital agreed, but not verified. Nevertheless, unlike presently, the previous regime allowed the parties to rule otherwise, being permitted to agree to the payment of interest of outstanding installments. On the other hand, in the consumer credit contract the principle of freedom of contractual provision of the parties is strongly mitigated by the special legislation, which prevents the waiver of rights by the consumer, and by the regime of general contractual terms, which restricts the freedom of the financier to stipulate the contractual content freely and the freedom of the consumer to negotiate. For all these reasons, associated with the growing need of credit resource to satisfy their needs of consumption, it is confirm the relevance of legislative intervention on consumers protection in the context of hiring credit.

O sigilo bancário e a fraude fiscal

Tax evasion and fraud threaten the economic and social objectives of modern tax systems, precluding the state funding for the satisfaction of collective needs and the fair distribution of wealth, being a violation of basic principles and values of our society. In tax law, to give tax administration the necessary powers to supervise and control the information provided by taxpayers and combat tax evasion and fraud, over the last years the grounds for a derogation of bank secrecy without judicial authorization have been extended, which raises some constitutional compatibility issues. Similarly, this tendency of making this legal regime more flexible and increasing automatic exchange of information has been followed by the European Union and the international community. Banking secrecy, as a professional secrecy, is an instrument to protect the right to privacy but also appears as an anti-abuse and repressive mechanism of evasive and fraudulent behaviors. Because of the conflict of interests will always be necessary to make a practical agreement between them, ensuring the legality and the due guarantees of the taxpayers but also an effective way to combat tax evasion and fraud. Bank secrecy cannot be one method to, behind the right to privacy, taxpayers practice illegal activities. But the practice of these irregular conducts also does not justify a total annihilation of the right to banking secrecy, uncovering all documents and bank information’s. Although considering the legislative changes, the administrative derogation of bank secrecy will always be what the tax administration does of it.

O incumprimento do contrato de crédito ao consumo pelo consumidor

Consumer relations, established between the Consumer and the Creditor, which carry a consequent inequality of contractual positioning between the parties, have been pushing the legislator to adopt more rigid regulations with regard to lending for the purchase of goods or services of consum issues. In this sense, the Decree-Law 359/91 was approved, meanwhile repealed by the Decree-Law 133/2009, which regulates the consumer credit agreement’s regime in the portuguese legal system. Through this contract, the financier makes available to the consumer a certain amount of money, which the consumer must repay, plus the respective remuneration (interest) and other charges, according to a refund plan agreed by the parties. The consumer will be in delay if he breaches this stipulation. In case of default, the creditor, notwithstanding, can choose to wait for the performance by the debtor, promote the loss of benefit of the term or the termination of the contract. From the outset it would seem that, in one way or another, the financier, by imposing a forced shortening of the contract duration initially agreed, will lose the right to remuneration for the provision of capital agreed, but not verified. Nevertheless, unlike presently, the previous regime allowed the parties to rule otherwise, being permitted to agree to the payment of interest of outstanding installments. On the other hand, in the consumer credit contract the principle of freedom of contractual provision of the parties is strongly mitigated by the special legislation, which prevents the waiver of rights by the consumer, and by the regime of general contractual terms, which restricts the freedom of the financier to stipulate the contractual content freely and the freedom of the consumer to negotiate. For all these reasons, associated with the growing need of credit resource to satisfy their needs of consumption, it is confirm the relevance of legislative intervention on consumers protection in the context of hiring credit.

Da intercepção de comunicações, acções encobertas e serviços de informações

The Portuguese Intelligence Services have their operational skills limited due to the grievances caused by the Dictatorship and, in particular, by its political police. With the help of historical elements, and by analyzing current legislation, we demonstrate that such grievances are today unjustified and misplaced, mainly taking into account the Risk Society’s multifaceted threats. Also part of our analysis is the impugnment of the Constitutional Court’s decision nº 413/2015, which pronounced unconstitutional the norm contained in Decree nº 426/XII, of the Republic’s Assembly, article nº 78, nº2, which intended to allow Intelligence Services access to the so-called “metadata”, as well as to tax and banking information. It is our understanding, and we demonstrate it in our dissertation, that should be allowed the access of, not only the above mentioned information, but also the means known as communications interception and undercover operations to the Intelligence Services, as long as properly supervised and inspected.