Fairness measurement for adaptive packet schedulers

An equation is presented for calculating the fairness of dynamically adaptive packet schedulers such as dynamic weighted fair queuing (DWFQ). The fairness of static packet schedulers such as weighted fair queue (WFQ) can be found using the widely accepted Worst-case Fair Index. The fairness of DWFQ can be measured using an Adapted Worst-case Fairness Index (AWFI). The AWFI enables a direct comparison of fairness properties of the DWFQ or other dynamically adaptive schedulers with static/non-adaptive schedulers.

Adaptive automated construction of hybrid heuristics for exam timetabling and graph colouring problems

In this paper, we present a random iterative graph based hyper-heuristic to produce a collection of heuristic sequences to construct solutions of different quality. These heuristic sequences can be seen as dynamic hybridisations of different graph colouring heuristics that construct solutions step by step. Based on these sequences, we statistically analyse the way in which graph colouring heuristics are automatically hybridised. This, to our knowledge, represents a new direction in hyper-heuristic research. It is observed that spending the search effort on hybridising Largest Weighted Degree with Saturation Degree at the early stage of solution construction tends to generate high quality solutions. Based on these observations, an iterative hybrid approach is developed to adaptively hybridise these two graph colouring heuristics at different stages of solution construction. The overall aim here is to automate the heuristic design process, which draws upon an emerging research theme on developing computer methods to design and adapt heuristics automatically. Experimental results on benchmark exam timetabling and graph colouring problems demonstrate the effectiveness and generality of this adaptive hybrid approach compared with previous methods on automatically generating and adapting heuristics. Indeed, we also show that the approach is competitive with the state of the art human produced methods.

Radiation-induced bystander and adaptive responses in cell and tissue models.

The use of microbeam approaches has been a major advance in probing the relevance of bystander and adaptive responses in cell and tissue models. Our own studies at the Gray Cancer Institute have used both a charged particle microbeam, producing protons and helium ions and a soft X-ray microprobe, delivering focused carbon-K, aluminium-K and titanium-K soft X-rays. Using these techniques we have been able to build up a comprehensive picture of the underlying differences between bystander responses and direct effects in cell and tissue-like models. What is now clear is that bystander dose-response relationships, the underlying mechanisms of action and the targets involved are not the same as those observed for direct irradiation of DNA in the nucleus. Our recent studies have shown bystander responses even when radiation is deposited away from the nucleus in cytoplasmic targets. Also the interaction between bystander and adaptive responses may be a complex one related to dose, number of cells targeted and time interval.

Hybrid LMS-LMF algorithm for adaptive echo cancellation

The coefficients of an echo canceller with a near-end section and a far-end section are usually updated with the same updating scheme, such as the LMS algorithm. A novel scheme is proposed for echo cancellation that is based on the minimisation of two different cost functions, i.e. one for the near-end section and a different one for the far-end section. The approach considered leads to a substantial improvement in performance over the LMS algorithm when it is applied to both sections of the echo canceller. The convergence properties of the algorithm are derived. The proposed scheme is also shown to be robust to noise variations. Simulation results confirm the superior performance of the new algorithm.