Systematic review of Late Jurassic sauropods from the Museu Geol��gico collections (Lisboa, Portugal)

The Museu Geol��gico collections house some of the first sauropod references of the Lusitanian Basin Upper Jurassic record, including the Lourinhasaurus alenquerensis and Lusotitan atalaiensis lectotypes, previously considered as new species of the Apatosaurus and Brachiosaurus genera, respectively. Several fragmentary specimens have been classical referred to those taxa, but the most part of these systematic attributions are not supported herein, excluding a caudal vertebra from Maceira (MG 8804) considered as cf. Lusotitan atalaiensis. From the material housed in the Museu Geol��gico were identified basal eusauropods (indeterminate eusauropods and turiasaurs) and neosauropods (indeterminate neosauropods, diplodods and camarasaurids and basal titanosauriforms). Middle caudal vertebrae with lateral fossae, ventral hollow border by pronounced ventrolateral crests and quadrangular cross-section suggest for the presence of diplodocine diplodocids in north area of the Lusitanian Basin Central Sector during the Late Jurassic. A humerus collected from Praia dos Frades (MG 4976) is attributed to cf. Duriatitan humerocristatus suggesting the presence of shared sauropod forms between the Portugal and United Kingdom during the Late Jurassic. Duriatitan is an indeterminate member of Eusauropoda and the discovery of new material in both territories is necessary to confirm this systematic approach. The studied material is in according with the previous recorded paleobiodiversity for the sauropod clade during the Portuguese Late Jurassic, which includes basal eusauropods (including turiasaurs), diplodocids and macronarians (including camarasaurids and basal titanosauriforms).

The Devil and Views on the ���Other��� in Part One of Pedro Cieza de Le��n���s "Cr��nica del Per��" (1553)

Many 16th century Spanish chroniclers and missionaries, arriving at what they interpreted as a New World, saw the Devil as a ���hermeneutic wildcard��� that allowed them to comprehend indigenous religions. Pedro Cieza de Le��n, a soldier in the conquest of Peru, is a case in point. Cieza considers the Devil responsible for the most aberrant religious practices and customs of the Indians, although he views the natives in a positive light, as men susceptible to divine salvation. From a providentialist perspective of the history of the conquest, Cieza interprets that the evangelization and conversion of the Indians and the implantation of Christian civilization by the Spanish Crown, were able to defeat the Devil.

La fortuna de la "Artificiosa memoria sive Phoenix" de Pedro de R��vena: entre el ��xito y la retractatio

La Artificiosa memoria siue Phoenix de Pedro de R��vena tuvo una amplia difusi��n en la Europa del siglo XVI. Dos son las claves de su ��xito: la fama de ilustre memorioso que consigui�� forjarse con sus exhibiciones de memoria y el uso de las emociones en la formulaci��n de reglas mnemot��cnicas basadas en el humor y el erotismo. Sin embargo, poco antes de morir, en 1508, public�� unas breves Additiones quaedam ad artificiosam memoriam en las que a��ade algunas reglas nuevas y, sobre todo, renuncia a la norma que aconseja usar la imagen de j��venes hermosas para elaborar escenas mnemot��cnicas. Esta suerte de retractatio se explica en el contexto de la pol��mica mantenida con algunos te��logos de Colonia