4 resultados para Issachar Work Israel Tribal life Wage earning.
em Portal de Revistas Científicas Complutenses - Espanha
Resumo:
Research on womens employment has proliferated over recent decades, often under a perspective that conceptualizes female labour market activity as independent of male presences and absences in the productive and reproductive spheres. In the face of these approaches, the article argues the need to focus on the couple as the unit of analysis of work-life articulation. After referring to the main theoretical arguments that, from a gender perspective within labour studies, have pointed out the relevance of placing the household as the central space for the analysis of the sexual division of labour, the article reviews different empirical contributions that have incorporated such perspective in the international literature. Next, the state of the art in the Spanish literature is presented, before arguing the desirability of applying such framework of analysis to the study of employment and care work in Spanish households, which are at present undergoing major transformations.
Resumo:
Research on the relationship between reproductive work and womens life trajectories including the experience of labour migration has mainly focused on the case of relatively young mothers who leave behind, or later re-join, their children. While it is true that most women migrate at a younger age, there are a significant number of cases of men and women who move abroad for labour purposes at a more advanced stage, undertaking a late-career migration. This is still an under-estimated and under-researched sub-field that uncovers a varied range of issues, including the global organization of reproductive work and the employment of migrant women as domestic workers late in their lives. By pooling the findings of two qualitative studies, this article focuses on Peruvian and Ukrainian women who seek employment in Spain and Italy when they are well into their forties, or older. A commonality the two groups of women share is that, independently of their level of education and professional experience, more often than not they end up as domestic and care workers. The article initially discusses the reasons for late-career female migration, taking into consideration the structural and personal determinants that have affected Peruvian and Ukrainian womens careers in their countries of origin and settlement. After this, the focus is set on the characteristics of domestic employment at later life, on the impact on their current lives, including the transnational family organization, and on future labour and retirement prospects. Apart from an evaluation of objective working and living conditions, we discuss womens personal impressions of being domestic workers in the context of their occupational experiences and family commitments. In this regard, women report varying levels of personal and professional satisfaction, as well as different patterns of continuity-discontinuity in their work and family lives, and of optimism towards the future. Divergences could be, to some extent, explained by the effect of migrants transnational social practices and policies of states.
Resumo:
La articulacin entre las polticas de empleo y las polticas sociales condicionan la percepcin subjetiva de incertidumbre los individuos. El modelo de mercado laboral tiene un peso determinante en la percepcin de incertidumbre. El empleo en s mismo ya no es suficiente garanta de ingresos seguros. El empleo a tiempo parcial y los contratos temporales generan una creciente demanda de polticas de redistribucin de los ingresos en los pases del Sur y Este de Europa. En los pases escandinavos los mismos tipos de contratos laborales generan menos desigualdad porque el empleo pblico contribuye a generar un crculo virtuoso que favorece las polticas de igualdad y la conciliacin entre la vida laboral y familiar. A nivel individual las actitudes pro-redistributivas las impulsan las mujeres, aquellas personas con incertidumbre en sus ingresos econmicos y con bajo nivel de estudios. Por el contrario, quienes ms confan en el xito individual y el mrito son los jvenes con estudios universitarios y aquellos que perciben ingresos econmicos altos.
Resumo:
In Marxist frameworks distributive justice depends on extracting value through a centralized state. Many new social movementspeer to peer economy, maker activism, community agriculture, queer ecology, etc.take the opposite approach, keeping value in its unalienated form and allowing it to freely circulate from the bottom up. Unlike Marxism, there is no general theory for bottom-up, unalienated value circulation. This paper examines the concept of generative justice through an historical contrast between Marxs writings and the indigenous cultures that he drew upon. Marx erroneously concluded that while indigenous cultures had unalienated forms of production, only centralized value extraction could allow the productivity needed for a high quality of life. To the contrary, indigenous cultures now provide a robust model for the gift economy that underpins open source technological production, agroecology, and restorative approaches to civil rights. Expanding Marxs concept of unalienated labor value to include unalienated ecological (nonhuman) value, as well as the domain of freedom in speech, sexual orientation, spirituality and other forms of expressive value, we arrive at an historically informed perspective for generative justice.
