Late-career international migration and reproductive work. A comparison between Peruvian and Ukrainian women in the Southern Europe


Autoria(s): Vianello, Francesca Alice; University of Padua; Escrivá, Angeles; Universidad de Huelva
Data(s)

30/06/2016

Resumo

Research on the relationship between reproductive work and women´s life trajectories including the experience of labour migration has mainly focused on the case of relatively young mothers who leave behind, or later re-join, their children. While it is true that most women migrate at a younger age, there are a significant number of cases of men and women who move abroad for labour purposes at a more advanced stage, undertaking a late-career migration. This is still an under-estimated and under-researched sub-field that uncovers a varied range of issues, including the global organization of reproductive work and the employment of migrant women as domestic workers late in their lives. By pooling the findings of two qualitative studies, this article focuses on Peruvian and Ukrainian women who seek employment in Spain and Italy when they are well into their forties, or older. A commonality the two groups of women share is that, independently of their level of education and professional experience, more often than not they end up as domestic and care workers. The article initially discusses the reasons for late-career female migration, taking into consideration the structural and personal determinants that have affected Peruvian and Ukrainian women’s careers in their countries of origin and settlement. After this, the focus is set on the characteristics of domestic employment at later life, on the impact on their current lives, including the transnational family organization, and on future labour and retirement prospects. Apart from an evaluation of objective working and living conditions, we discuss women’s personal impressions of being domestic workers in the context of their occupational experiences and family commitments. In this regard, women report varying levels of personal and professional satisfaction, as well as different patterns of continuity-discontinuity in their work and family lives, and of optimism towards the future. Divergences could be, to some extent, explained by the effect of migrants´ transnational social practices and policies of states.

La investigación sobre la relación entre el trabajo reproductivo y las trayectorias vitales de las mujeres, incluyendo sus experiencias de migración laboral, se ha centrado principalmente en los casos de madres relativamente jóvenes que dejan atrás o después reagrupan a sus hijos. Si bien es cierto que la mayoría de las mujeres que migran lo hace a una menor edad, es significativo el número de casos de hombres y mujeres que migran por razones de trabajo a edad más avanzada. La migración en un estadio tardío de las carreras personales es un tema poco reconocido y estudiado que despliega una variada gama de cuestiones, incluyendo la organización global del trabajo reproductivo y el empleo como trabajadoras domésticas de mujeres inmigradas a edad avanzada. Este artículo se basa en los resultados obtenidos de dos estudios cualitativos sobre mujeres peruanas y ucranianas que buscan empleo en España e Italia respectivamente cuando migran con cuarenta o más años de edad. Los dos grupos de mujeres comparten la experiencia habitual de terminar trabajando como empleadas domésticas y cuidadoras, independientemente de su nivel educativo y experiencia profesional. En primer lugar, el artículo analiza las razones que llevan a estas mujeres a emigrar en un estadio avanzado de sus carreras, teniendo en cuenta los factores personales y estructurales que condicionan las carreras de las mujeres peruanas y ucranianas en sus países de origen y asentamiento. A continuación, se detallan las características del empleo doméstico a estas edades, el impacto que el empleo doméstico provoca en sus vidas actuales, considerando la organización de la familia transnacional, y las perspectivas de trabajo y jubilación futuras. Además de evaluar las condiciones objetivas de vida y trabajo, se consideran las impresiones personales de las mujeres sobre su trabajo como domésticas y cuidadoras en el contexto de sus experiencias ocupacionales previas y sus responsabilidades familiares. En este respecto las mujeres muestran niveles diversos de satisfacción personal y profesional, así como patrones diferentes de continuidad-discontinuidad en sus carreras y vidas familiares, y de optimismo hacia el futuro. Las divergencias pueden explicarse en parte por el efecto de las prácticas sociales transnacionales de las migrantes y de las políticas de los estados.

Formato

application/pdf

Identificador

http://revistas.ucm.es/index.php/INFE/article/view/52104

10.5209/rev_INFE.2016.v7.n1.52104

Publicador

Instituto de Investigaciones Feministas

Relação

http://revistas.ucm.es/index.php/INFE/article/view/52104/48748

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Fonte

Investigaciones Feministas; Vol 7, No 1 (2016): Monográfico: Género, migraciones y transformaciones de la reproducción social y de los cuidados en la Europa del Sur; 89-113

Palavras-Chave #Estudios migratorios #Mature workers; Female Status; Occupational mobility; Family Commitments; Retirement #Trabajadores mayores; estatus de las mujeres; movilidad ocupacional; obligaciones familiares; jubilación.
Tipo

info:eu-repo/semantics/article

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion