Una nueva mirada a la formación docente como camino hacia equidad de género

Recibido 01 de noviembre de 2010 • Aceptado 09 de marzo de 2011 • Corregido 24 de abril de 2011   El objetivo de este artículo es llevar a la reflexión sobre el tema de las relaciones asimétricas entre los hombres y las mujeres, las cuales representan una desventaja en especial para las mujeres. Lo anterior representa una realidad histórica que se vive en todos los contextos sociales, y la institución educativa no escapa a esta situación. Las relaciones de desigualdad e inequidad han venido a permear los roles asignados socialmente en razón de la identidad sexual, y en los cuales las mujeres se ven discriminadas en la igualdad de oportunidades para su pleno desarrollo como ser humano.Resulta importante reconocer las luchas que se han venido dando para acabar con esta desigualad y discriminación; pero todavía quedan muchas tareas pendientes. Es justamente la educación un camino que puede conducir a la senda donde hombres y mujeres gocen de los mismos derechos y deberes, no sólo en el papel, sino que esas políticas se concreten en la vida cotidiana. De ahí que la formación de las futuras educadoras y educadores, requiere de una nueva mirada en el diseño e implementación de los planes de estudios, los cuales incorporen, de manera explícita y profunda, la categoría analítica de género, para promover, desde el preescolar hasta el nivel universitario, cambios en las prácticas sexistas.

Diagnóstico situacional de la labor docente y de la oferta de formación de educadores rurales en Costa Rica

The article explores the performance of rural teachers in Costa Rica and analyses the curricula taught in public universities. It also examines limitations and advantages of teaching in rural areas and the way teachers face the challenges imposed by this kind of context in terms of cultural, economical and social particularities. Finally, based on the information collected in this investigation, a series of contents are presented in order to enrich the curricula of teacher training universities and to offer to their students, future teachers, the necessary tools to work in the rural area.

Promotion and diffusion of tha career Bachelor and Licenciature of Mathematics Teaching in rural areas of Costa Rica project: effects and results

This article describes the purpose and activities of the project Promoting Mathematics Education in Rural Areas of Costa Rica. The activity has focused on two objectives. First, supporting and monitoring students who have expressed interest in studying a mathematics teacher. To achieve this, it has been working with students who have an ideal profile for the career, mainly from rural areas. The second objective is to conduct training workshops for high school in-service teachers, to strengthen and improve their knowledge in the area of mathematics. Among the results of the project, it can be highlighted a significant increase in the enrollment of students in the career of Mathematics Education in 2010 and 2011, and the training processes in the field of Real Functions of Real Variable and Geometry at different regional areas mostly rural as Aguirre, Sarapiquí, Coto, Buenos Aires, Limón, Cañas, Pérez Zeledón, Nicoya, Los Santos, Turrialba, Puriscal, Desamparados, San Carlos, Puntarenas, Limón, Liberia, Santa Cruz y Upala.

Sensitization and Disposition to Change Facing the Challenges of the New Educational Circumstances

This article is about the necessity of an up to date vision in teachers’ training. It starts with the latest studies and advances surrounding learning-along-life term. It presents a set of topics inspired in the contributions of new fields of study connected to learning. Such contributions, as neuroscience, should be considered in the decisions related to future teachers’ training, thus favoring the transformation of the pedagogical practice. Awareness and disposition to change are essential requirements for teacher trainers who will drive investigative processes and pedagogical proposals generation; all of this according to the new and dynamic knowledge society.

Características principales, logros y dificultades de la gestión de la investigación en el Nivel Superior y su correlato en las publicaciones

In this article, the main characteristics, achievements and difficulties in research and publishing management in higher education are presented, taking into account the experience of the author in the institutions to which she belongs (Teacher Trainning College and Graduate and Post graduate university levels) in Argentina. The presentation seeks to foster institutional exchange of experiences from sharing strategies that may help develop research activities as a key factor in teacher trainning.

La investigación educativa interdisciplinaria integrada en el Centro de Investigación y Docencia en Educación (CIDE): un aporte de las Unidades Académicas y del INEINA

The project called Perfiles, Dinámicas y Desafíos de la Educación Costarricense (Profiles, Dynamics and Challenges of the Costa Rican Education) in its various working phases it conducts interdisciplinary educational research at an integrated level at the Centro de Investigación y Docencia en Educación (CIDE) (Research and Teaching Center) from Universidad Nacional in Costa Rica. This article discusses the importance of taking into account outcomes and products of such research work within the various majors that CIDE offers.

The Experience of Adult Literacy as a Learning Process in the Formation of Future Educators

Learning is constructed when it is significant, therefore, promoting experiences that can make sense and joy, which constitutes a challenge in the formation of future educators. In this article, we share the considerations emanated from an investigation that gathers the experience of alphabetizing adults, carried out by college students as part of their formation. As a result, this creates a learning process that favors the respect to diversity and the value of reading and writing as the liberation of mankind. The work displays the learnings constructed, the ways of respecting diversity that emerge from the alphabetizing experience, and the value that the students give to reading and writing as a liberating way of expression.

Experiences from the course “Pedagogical Intervention in Preschool Education”: the vision from the faculty trainers, preschool teachers and students

As part of the educational formation of students from II level of the Associate dregree, from the Pedagogy major with an emphasis on preschool teaching from Universidad Nacional. There is a course named “Pedagogical Intervention in Early Childhood Education” which carries out the process of the intensive practicum. In this article you will find a review of the program’s objetives, experiences and challenges, taking the experiences from the academic team, who have guided this process over the past two years, and the point of views from students and preschool teachers.

Attention to Diversity from an Interdisciplinary Perspective: Results from the Final Graduation Project from a Group of Students Majoring in Preschool Education and Special Education

Nowadays, the topic of diversity is being studied, particularly in the field of the formation of future educators, where it is clearly evident in each one of the students. In order to understand this concept and meet the challenges it demands, this investigation, through the experience of action research, looks for a real picture of how this diversity is served in Guanacaste’s rural contexts. This is accomplished by identifying those ways to guide a better teachers’ work, and by taking into account the educational planning and the participation of the different sectors involved in the process of teaching and learning.

Strategies to Promote Research and Logical Reasoning in the Teaching of Mathematics in the Schools

The purpose of this paper is to raise a debate on the urgent need for teachers to generate innovative situations in the teaching-learning process, in the field of Mathematics, as a way for students to develop logical reasoning and research skills applicable to everyday situations. It includes some statistical data and possible reasons for the poor performance and dissatisfaction of students towards Mathematics. Since teachers are called to offer meaningful and functional learning experiences to students, in order to promote the pleasure of learning, teacher training should include experiences that can be put into practice by teachers in the education centers. This paper includes a work proposal for Mathematics Teaching to generate discussion, curiosity and logical reasoning in students, together with the Mathematical problem solving study.

Relevant Aspects on Teaching Probability and Statistics in Basic General Education

Probability and Statistics were included in the Basic General Education curricula by the Ministry of Public Education (Costa Rica), since 1995. To analyze the teaching reality in these fields, a research was conducted in two educational regions of the country: Heredia and Pérez Zeledón. The survey included university training and updating processes of teachers teaching Statistics and Probability in the schools. The research demonstrated the limited university training in these fields, the dissatisfaction of teachers about it, and the poor support of training institutions to their professional exercise.

Pedagogical Mediation for the Autonomy of Future Professionals in Teacher Training

This article studies the importance of pedagogical mediation in helping first-year students in the Teacher Training area to advance from intellectual heteronomy to intellectual autonomy. It explains some strategies and experiences implemented by the authors. It focuses on the need of paying attention to students in order to understand their expectations, opinions and previous experiences as a basis for developing different topics and concepts, to favor an actual free participation in the pedagogical mediation dynamics and, consequently, opportunities for students to express themselves with autonomy. The aforementioned strategies allow for the transition from a pedagogy centered on teaching to a pedagogy centered on learning, in such a way that the future educator becomes a protagonist in his/her formation and constructs his/her own intellectual identity, based on the concept of action-reflection-action. The authors of this article consider that the first year in higher education is a privileged opportunity to develop the autonomy of future teachers, and, as stated by Freire (2004), the respect for autonomy is an ethical imperative.

Competencies Required in Education Research and Teaching Systematization according to Students from the Preschool, Primary and Secondary Education Programs of the University of Costa Rica

The purpose of this paper is to present the results of two online forums carried out with the participation of 42 students of the Licenciaturas  in Preschool Education, Primary Education and Secondary Education of the University of Costa Rica. The main purpose of the forums was to determine the insights of the participant students about the competencies they have achieved in the field of education research, and which have been the essential tools for them to systematize their own teaching practices. The discussion forums were part of the course FD5091 Métodos de Investigación Educativa [Education Research Methods] of the School of Teacher Education, delivered from March-April 2010.  Of the sample, 60 percent were students of the Preschool teaching program, 35 percent were from the Primary Education teaching program and 5 percent were from the Secondary Education teaching program in the fields of Science, Mathematics and Social Studies. According to the insights and beliefs showed by the participants –both, the future teachers and the profession practitioners–, there are no opportunities for research or systematization of their own teaching mediation, in the current work situation.(1) Translator’s Note: In Costa Rica, the “Licenciatura” is a one-year post-Bachelor study program, usually including thesis. “Primary Education” refers to students from the 1st to 6th grades, and “Secondary Education” refers to students from the 7th to 11th grades.

EL USO DE IMÁGENES SATELITALES Y AEROFOTOGRÁFICAS EN LA ENSEÑANZA DE LA GEOGRAFÍA.

Se presentarán resultados del trabajo de investigación “El uso de fotografías aéreas verticales y de imágenes satelitales en la enseñanza de la Geografía en la escuela secundaria: posibilidades y dificultades en relación con los saberes docentes” que fue desarrollado en los años 2009 y 2010 en el Instituto Superior de Profesorado Nro. 2 de la Provincia de Santa Fe, Argentina, y financiado por el INFOD (Instituto Nacional de Formación Docente). Posicionados en la perspectiva epistemológica constructivista, elegimos un abordaje metodológico cualitativo interpretativo y de carácter longitudinal. Nos acercamos a las voces de los profesores de geografía a partir de narrativas autobiográficas, de entrevistas en profundidad y de grupos de discusión, en dos momentos distintos. El primero buscó aproximarnos a los saberes, sobre imágenes aerofotográficas y satelitales, que ellos habían podido construir en sus trayectos formativos, y a las relaciones de los mismos con sus prácticas de enseñanza. En el segundo momento, posterior a una acción de desarrollo profesional que implementamos, tratamos de interpretar cómo la mayor formación de los profesores, sobre dichas imágenes, podía incidir en la construcción de nuevas interpretaciones sobre las posibilidades y las dificultades que les presenta su uso para la enseñanza de la geografía.

CONDICIONES, IMAGINARIOS Y PRÁCTICAS DOCENTES PARA UNA GEOGRAFÍA EN CAMBIO

En Argentina, los procesos de renovación de enseñanza de la Geografía y las transformaciones de los temarios escolares en la escuela media, comenzaron a cobrar impulso a partir de la década de 1990. Dichas transformaciones se explican por la combinación de una serie de factores: cambios en el enfoque disciplinar y didáctico de los diseños curriculares, mayor proximidad entre los saberes escolares y la agenda de temas de relevancia académica, renovados libros de texto y necesidad de los profesores por incorporar perspectivas, temáticas y metodologías adaptadas a los nuevos desafíos de la enseñanza de la Geografía. Sin embargo, los alcances de la renovación no estuvieron exentos de dificultades, expresándose en discursos y prácticas que combinaron diferentes tradiciones didáctico-pedagógicas y disciplinares. Esto revela el peso que adquiere muchas veces una epistemología práctica, en la que confluyen los saberes de referencia, las creencias personales, las representaciones sociales sobre contenidos geográficos considerados valiosos,  también el entorno sociocultural, las condiciones materiales e institucionales en las que se desarrolla la profesión. El propósito de este trabajo consiste en mostrar los resultados alcanzados en una investigación realizada entre 2006-2009, sobre los logros y dificultades existentes en torno a la renovación del temario escolar. Nos interrogamos sobre cómo dialogan saberes y herramientas del campo académico con las prácticas docentes en la escuela y con la imagen pública de la disciplina.