自交联材料在肥料养分控释上的应用研究

目前在包膜控释肥料方面的研究热点是采用树脂型包膜材料制备包膜肥料，并且取得了一定的成绩，控释效果比较良好，但由于树脂材料需用大量有机溶剂，给生产成本和工艺都带来了新的问题。本试验针对此问题，选用水性聚氨酯（PU）和水性丙烯酸（PA）作为包膜材料，应用旋转包膜工艺和流化床包膜工艺制备包膜肥料，采用水培法、淋溶法、土培法、电镜观察等方法对其进行释放性能评价，最终确定水性聚氨酯和水性丙烯酸在肥料中应用的效果。结果表明： 以旋转包膜工艺、用水性聚氨酯（PU）为膜材料制备的9种包膜肥料，并做了封闭处理，通过扫描电镜观察都形成了致密连续的控释膜，经评价都具有一定的控释效果，其中CRF-6（水性聚氨酯用量6%，封闭剂用量3%）、CRF-9（水性聚氨酯用量9%，封闭剂用量3%）两种包膜肥料控释性能较优，水培条件下其氮素初期溶出率分别为29.11%和19.48%，钾素初期溶出率分别为33.15%和24.93%。各种评价方法结果表明：同一材料不同包膜量控释效果比较：6%用量优于9%用量，优于3%用量。封闭剂用量在2%时效果相对较好。 以流化床包膜工艺、用水性聚氨酯（PU）和水性丙烯酸（PA）为膜材料制备的15种包膜肥料，经检测FCRF-9（PA:PU=1:2，9%）、FCRF-11（PA:PU=1:1，6%）和FCRF-12（PA:PU=1:1，9%）这3种肥料控释效果最为突出，在水培条件下其氮素初期溶出率分别为12.58%、15.62%和16.02%。材料组合以水性聚氨酯（PU）和水性丙烯酸（PA）以1：2复合包膜最理想。对于同一包膜材料不同用量控释效果顺序：9%用量优于6%用量，优于3%用量。与普通肥料肥料相比，包膜肥料吸湿率大幅下降。 旋转包膜工艺与流化床包膜工艺比较表明：在低用量时，水性包膜材料在流化床包膜工艺与旋转包膜工艺制备肥料控释性能没有差异；在高用量时，流化床包膜工艺比旋转包膜工艺更适合应用于水性高分子材料肥料包膜。

胆红素胆绿素在铂电极上氧化还原反应的现场光谱电化学研究

本文采用现场光谱电化学技术研究了胆红素(BR Ⅳα)、胆绿素(BV Ⅳα)及其氧化产物胆汁红紫素(Bi-Pu)在铂电极上的电氧化还原行为,并着重对上述过程的动力学进行了探讨。结果表明,在洁净的铂电极上,上述胆汁色素可通过控制电位实现Ⅳ构成的反应循环中,Ⅰ,Ⅱ可达到准可逆电子转移反应,式量非均相速率常数=1.5×10~(-4)cm·s~(-1),而Ⅲ,Ⅳ的氧化还原则为不可逆,=4.8×10~(-5)cm·s~(-1)。

Zinc coupling potentiates anti-HIV-1 activity of baicalin

Baicalin (BA) has been shown with anti-HIV-1 activity. Zinc is a nutrient element. The anti-HIV-1 activity of zinc complex of baicalin (BA-Zn) in vitro was studied and compared with the anti-HIV-1 activities between BA and BA-Zn in the present study. Our results suggested that BA-Zn has lower cytotoxicity and higher anti-HIV-1 activity compared with those of BA in vitro. The CC(50)s of BA-Zn and BA were 221.52 and 101.73 muM, respectively. The cytotoxicity of BA-Zn was about 1.2-fold lower than that of BA. The BA and BA-Zn inhibited HIV-1 induced syncytium formation, HIV-1 p24 antigen and HIV-1 RT production. The EC(50)s of BA-Zn on inhibiting HIV-1 induced syncytium formation (29.08 muM) and RT production (31.17 muM) were lower than those of BA (43.27 and 47.34 muM, respectively). BA-Zn was more effective than BA in inhibiting the activities of recombinant RT and HIV-1 entry into host cells. Zinc coupling enhanced the anti-HTV-1 activity of baicalin. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Triterpenoids from Schisandra lancifolia with anti-HIV-1 activity

A new trinorcycloartane triterpenoid, lancifodilactone H (1), and a new A ring-secocycloartane triterpenoid, lancifoic acid A (2), together with a known compound, nigranoic acid (3), were isolated from the leaves and stems of Schisandra lancifolia. Their

Dibenzocyclooctadiene Lignans from Schisandra wilsoniana and Their Anti-HIV-1 Activities

Twelve new dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans, marlignans A-L (1-12), together with 16 known compounds, were isolated from the leaves and stems of Schisandra wilsoniana. The structures of 1-12 were elucidated by spectroscopic methods including 1D- and 2D-NMR techniques. Compounds 1-12 were evaluated for their anti-HIV activities, of which compounds 3, 6, 8, and 12 showed modest activities with therapeutic index values of 13.2, 15.6, 17.6, and 16.4, respectively.

Anti-HIV-1 Activity of Lignans from the Fruits of Schisandra rubriflora

This study investigated the 70% aqueous acetone extract of the fruits of Schisandra rubriflora which led to the isolation of eight lignans, including a new isolate, rubrisandrin C (1), and seven known lignans (2-8). The structure of 1 was established by extensive 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy and its absolute stereochemistry was determined by CD spectrum. Compounds 1-5 and 7-8 were evaluated for their anti-HIV-1 activity that showed inhibitory activity on HIV-1(IIIB) induced syncytium formation with EC50 values in the range of 2.26 similar to 20.4 mu g/mL. Compounds 1 and 7 exerted their obvious protection of HIV-1(IIIB) inducted MT-4 host cells lytic effects with a selectivity index of 15.4 and 24.6, respectively.

Dibenzocyclooctadiene Lignans from Schisandra lancifolia and Their Anti-human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 Activities

Three new dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans, schilancifolignans A-C (1-3), together with thirteen known ones, were isolated from the leaves and stems of Schisandru lancifolia. The structures of 1-3 were elucidated by spectroscopic methods, including extensive 1D- and 2D-NMR techniques. Compounds 1-3 were tested for their anti-human immunodeficiency virus-1 activities and showed weak bioactivities.

Dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans from the fruits of Schisandra wilsoniana and their anti-HIV-1 activities

Three new dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans, wilsonilignans A-C (1-3), together with nine known ones, were isolated from the fruits of Schisandra wilsoniana. The structures of 1-3 were elucidated by spectroscopic methods including extensive 1D and 2D NMR techniques. Compounds 1-3 were also evaluated for their anti-HIV-1 activities and showed bioactivity with EC50 values of 3.26, 6.18, and 2.87g/ml, respectively.

High prevalence of HIV-1 and hepatitis C virus coinfection among injection drug users in the southeastern region of Yunnan, China

The southeastern region of Yunnan province is a key site for drug trafficking and HIV-1 infection spread from the west of Yunnan and Laos to southeastern China. To investigate the prevalence of HIV-1 infection and hepatitis C virus (HCV) coinfection among injection drug users (IDUs) in southeastern Yunnan, three cohorts of 285 addicts, including 242 IDUs and 43 oral drug users, living in the cities of Gejiu and Kaiyuan and the county of Yanshan were studied. HIV-1 and HCV infections were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and/or polymerase chain reaction. Data on the age, sex, risk behavior, drug use history, employment, ethnic background, and marriage status were obtained by interview. The overall prevalence of HIV-1 infection was 71.9%. The rate of HCV coinfection among 138 HIV-1-infected IDUs was 99.3%. Most HIV-infected IDUs were 20 to 35 years old (86.7%) and were ethnic Han (75.9%), suggesting that the epidemic in Yunnan is no longer confined to non-Han ethnic minorities, HIV prevalence in female IDUs (81.2%) was significantly higher than in male IDUs (68.2%) (p <.05). The prevalence of HIV infection reached 68.4% after 1 year of injection drug use. Needle/syringe sharing is the major high risk factor for the spread of HIV-1 and HCV infections. Large-scale educational campaigns are urgently needed to reduce the spread of HIV and HCV infection in these regions.

Entanglement conditions for mixed SU(2) and SU(1,1) systems

We derive a class of inequalities for detecting entanglement in the mixed SU(2) and SU(1, 1) systems based on the Schrodinger-Robertson indeterminacy relations in conjugation with the partial transposition. These inequalities are in general stronger than those based on the usual Heisenberg uncertainty relations for detecting entanglement. Furthermore, based on the complete reduction from SU(2) and SU(1,1) systems to bosonic systems, we derive some entanglement conditions for two-mode systems. We also use the partial reduction to obtain some inequalities in the mixed SU(2) (or SU(1, 1)) and bosonic systems.