利用重离子辐照技术制备锂离子电池隔膜；Preparation Lithium-ion Battery Separator by Swift Heavy Ion Irradiation Methods

用能量11.4MeV/u和注量1×108ions/cm2的197Au离子垂直辐照聚丙烯薄膜,通过电导测量法监测温度、硫酸浓度和重铬酸钾浓度对径迹蚀刻速率的影响,得到合适的蚀刻条件;成功制备出孔径范围在600—1000nm的重离子径迹聚丙烯孔膜,并用场发射扫描电镜对孔的形状及孔径大小进行了表征,对孔洞锥角的形成进行了分析,为重离子辐照技术制备锂离子电池隔膜提供了实验数据。

基于EKF的AMR锂电池SOC动态估计研究

AMR在科研和军事方面的应用决定了其需要一个能够准确、实时估计出锂电池SOC的估计值。由于AMR工作中的放电具有很强的动态性,使得传统估计方法用于锂电池SOC的动态估计效果很不理想。本文描述了EKF方法在AMR锂电池SOC动态估计中的应用。模拟AMR工况进行动态放电试验。试验结果表明,该估计方法能够实时而准确地得到SOC值。

基于UKF滤波的自主移动机器人锂电池SOC估计

准确估计剩余电量(state of charge,SOC)关系到自主移动机器人(AMR)的生存与安全,是AMR研究中所面临的主要挑战之一。针对广义卡尔曼滤波估计SOC的不足,本文给出基于无色卡尔曼滤波(UKF)估计AMR锂电池SOC的新方法。通过试验对UKF和EKF进行了比较。试验验证了同样条件下,UKF比EKF具有更好的滤波估计精度。

Irreversible capacity loss of graphite electrode in lithium-ion batteries

The irreversible capacity loss of the carbon electrode in lithium-ion batteries at the first cycle is caused mostly by surface film growth. We inspected an unknown irreversible capacity loss (UICL) of the natural graphite electrodes. The charge/discharge behavior of graphite and meso-phase carbon microbeads heat-treated at 2800 degrees C (MCMB28) as the materials of the carbon anode in the lithium-ion battery were compared. It was found that the capacity loss of the natural graphite electrode in the first cycle is caused not only by surface film growth, but also by irreversible lithium-ion intercalation on the new formed surface at the potential range of lithium intercalation, while the capacity loss of the MCMB28 electrode is mainly originated from surface film growth. The reason for the difference of their irreversible capacity losses of these two kinds of carbon material was explained in relation to their structural characteristics. (C) 1997 Published by Elsevier Science S.A.

IMPLANTATION ENERGY SELECTION IN MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY GAAS FILMS ON SI SUBSTRATES

GaAs films made by molecular beam epitaxy with thicknesses ranging from 0.9 to 1.25-mu-m on Si have been implanted with Si ions at 1.2 MeV to dose of 1 x 10(15)/cm2. A rapid infrared thermal annealing and white light annealing were then used for recrystallization. Crystalline quality was analysed by using backscattering channeling technique with Li ion beam of 4.2 MeV. The experimental results show that energy selection is important for obtaining better and uniform recrystallized GaAs epilayers.

利用重离子辐照及蚀刻技术制备锂离子电池隔膜

本文通过对目前锂离子电池市场及锂离子电池隔膜制备现状的研究，提出采用重离子辐照技术制备锂离子电池隔膜的新方法。拓展了重离子辐照技术的应用，为锂离子电池隔膜的国产化另辟蹊径。实验中，用能量25 MeV/u 的Kr86及11.4 MeV/u的197Au离子，以1×108 cm-2-5×109 cm-2剂量辐照聚丙烯薄膜，通过电导测量法监测蚀刻液的参数，包括温度、硫酸浓度、重铬酸钾浓度对径迹蚀刻速率的影响，得到适合的蚀刻条件；并用场发射扫描电镜对孔的形状及孔径大小进行表征；成功制备出孔径均匀、具有密度和大小可控的重离子径迹聚丙烯孔膜；对孔洞锥角的形成进行分析，给出锥角的计算公式，为利用重离子辐照技术制备锂离子电池隔膜提供了实验数据

Polyaniline-coated carbon particles and their electrode behavior in organic carbonate electrolyte

In an attempt to increase the interface stability of carbon used in Li-ion batteries, a thin conducting polyaniline (PANI) film was fabricated on the surface of carbon by in situ chemical polymerization. The chemical and electrochemical properties of the composite material were characterized using X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope, cyclic voltammetry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. It was confirmed that the PANI film has an obvious effect on the morphology and the electrochemical performance of carbon. The results could be attributed to the electronic and electrochemical activity of the conducting PANI films.

STUDY ON THE ACTIVE-CENTERS OF METHANE COUPLING CATALYSTS BY MEANS OF FLUORESCENCE EMISSION OF EU3+

Eu3+ ion was adopted as a probe to detect the probability of entrance of alkali elements into the crystal lattice of MgO, CaO and La2O3 by means of its characteristic emission. Based on the experimental data it is concluded that Li+ and Na+ ions can substitute Mg2+ and Ca2+ ions and only a small amount of K+ ion can enter into the lattice of CaO. Whilst Li+ ion can not enter into the lattice of lanthana. The conclusion of this investigation is in good agreement with that obtained by Lunsford by ESR studies.

STUDY ON DEPOSITION POTENTIALS OF LITHIUM AND SODIUM-IONS AND DEPOLARIZATION IN BINARY CHLORIDE

Deposition potentials of Lithium and Sodium ions have been measured in binary chloride systems (LiCl-KCl, NaCl-KCl) by I-V curve method, to provide a theoretical base for preparing high purity Al-Li alloy by electrolysis in molten salt. The changes of free energy and enthalpy were calculated in terms of depolarization values on Al cathode. Thermodynamic meaning of depolarization was discussed in details and the empirical relation between binary alloy type and depolarization type was proposed. It is shown for the first time that the presence of a third element in Al-Li alloy can strengthen depolarization of Li ion at Al alloy cathode and give foundation for preparing high purity Al-Li-M ternary alloy. The effect of LiCl concentration on deposition potentials of Li ion at Al cathode in KCl-LiCl melt was studied and average active coefficient of LiCl was obtained.

锂离子电池组合前后的特性研究

为更好地使用锂离子电池组,更精确地估算电池的荷电状态(SOC),对锂离子电池组合前后进行了常温4.0 A充放电、常温7.5 A放电、-20℃下4.0 A放电以及55℃下4.0 A放电等实验测试。实验结果显示:锂离子电池成组后的充放电特性有所下降,电池组总容量下降为单体电池的90%左右,SOC偏低,工作电压的下降速率在放电末期急剧上升,可达平台区的50倍。对电池组的一致性进行了分析,得出锂离子电池成组时应充分考虑单体电池的一致性;在估算SOC时,采用电池组参数和单体电池参数相结合的方式。

Properties of high k gate dielectric gadolinium oxide deposited on Si(100) by dual ion beam deposition (DIBD)

Gadolinium oxide thin films have been prepared on silicon (100) substrates with a low-energy dual ion-beam epitaxial technique. Substrate temperature was an important factor to affect the crystal structures and textures in an ion energy range of 100-500 eV. The films had a monoclinic Gd2O3 structure with preferred orientation ((4) over bar 02) at low substrate temperatures. When the substrate temperature was increased, the orientation turned to (202), and finally, the cubic structure appeared at the substrate temperature of 700 degreesC, which disagreed with the previous report because of the ion energy. The AES studies found that Gadolinium oxide shared Gd2O3 structures, although there were a lot of oxygen deficiencies in the films, and the XPS results confirmed this. AFM was also used to investigate the surface images of the samples. Finally, the electrical properties were presented. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Mn implanted GaAs by low energy ion beam deposition

High dose Mn was implanted into semi-insulating GaAs substrate to fabricate embedded ferromagnetic Mn-Ga binary particles by mass-analyzed dual ion beam deposit system at room temperature. The properties of as-implanted and annealed samples were measured with X-ray diffraction, high-resolution X-ray diffraction to characterize the structural changes. New phase formed after high temperature annealing. Sample surface image was observed with atomic force microscopy. All the samples showed ferromagnetic behaviour at room temperature. There were some differences between the hysteresis loops of as-implanted and annealed samples as well as the cluster size of the latter was much larger than that of the former through the surface morphology. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

FexSi grown with mass-analyzed low-energy dual ion beam deposition

Heavily iron-implanted silicon was prepared by mass-analyzed low-energy dual ion beam deposition technique. Auger electron spectroscopy depth profiles indicate that iron ions are shallowly implanted into the single-crystal silicon substrate and formed 35 nm thick FexSi films. X-ray diffraction measurements show that as-implanted sample is amorphous and the structure of crystal is partially restored after as-implanted sample was annealed at 400degreesC. There are no new phases formed. Carrier concentration depth profile of annealed sample was measured by Electrochemical C-V method and indicated that FexSi film shows n-type conductivity while silicon substrate is p-type. The p-n junction is formed between FexSi film and silicon substrate showing rectifying effect. (C) 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.