51 resultados para 949

em Chinese Academy of Sciences Institutional Repositories Grid Portal


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The scour of the seabed under a pipeline is studied experimentally in this paper. Tests are carried out in a U-shaped oscillatory water tunnel with a box imbedded in the bottom of the test section. By use of the standard sand, clay and plastic grain as the seabed material, the influence of the bed material on the scour is studied. The relationship between the critical initial gap-to-diameter ratio above which no scour occurs and the parameters of the oscillating flow is obtained. The self-burial phenomenon. which occurs for the pipeline not fixed to two sidewalls of the test section, is not observed for the Bred pipeline. The effect of the pipe on sand wave formation is discussed. The maximum equilibrium scour depths For different initial gap-to-diameter ratios, different Kc numbers and different bed sands are also given in this paper.

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本文研究了星系密度波演化与传播的一般自洽理论,并提出了它的一个简化近似模型——“薄过渡层理论”。文中讨论了星系盘上波子演化基本方程的三种不同型式解:正则波动型、Swing(转化)型和一般演化型。结果表明,前两种型式解只能在星系盘一定区域及波子波数的一定范围内应用,只有一般演化型解才能描述波包运动的全局图象。从本文可以看出,著名的G-L片上波子Swing过程理论,只在一些特殊的星系基态类型下,才可局部地适用于星系盘。

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The photorefractive holographic dynamics of grating formation in photochromic doubly doped LiNbO3:Fe:Mn crystal is studied numerically and analytically in terms of the two-center model of Kukhtarev Et al. [Ferroelectrics 22, 949 (1979)]. The relations among the recorded and fixed space-charge fields and the doping densities, the oxidation-reduction states of the fields, and the intensities of UV-sensitizing and red recording beams are studied. Important conditions and effects are feued, and an optimal prescription for material doping and oxidation-reduction processing is suggested in which the crystal can be strongly oxidized and the Mn-doping density is smaller than the Fe-doping density. (C) 2000 Optical Society of America. OCIS codes: 050.7330, 190.5330, 090.2900.

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A diode pumped injection seeded single-longitudinal-mode (SLM) Nd:YAG laser is achieved by using the resonance-detection technique in Q-switching operation. The pulsed oscillator laser uses a folded cavity to achieve compact construction. This system operates at 100 Hz and provides over 20 mJ/pulse of single-frequency 1064 nm output. The M-2 values of horizontal and vertical axes are 1.58 and 1.41, respectively. The probability of putting out single-longitudinal-mode pulses is 100%. The 355 nm laser output produced by frequency tripling has a linewidth less than 200 MHz. The laser can run over eight hours continually without mode hopping.

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研究了温度梯度法生长的γ-LiAlO2晶体在1100℃下富Li气氛和空气中退火处理后的表面形貌、表面结构以及吸收光谱。发现γ-LiAlO2晶体的抛光面在1100℃空气中退火后变为粗糙面,X射线衍射(XRD)分析表明此粗糙面为单相的LiAl5O8。而γ-LiAlO2晶体的抛光面在1100℃富Li气氛中处理后几乎没有变化。同时对不同气氛下热处理的γ-LiAlO2晶体进行了光谱分析,确认了晶片中196nm的吸收峰是由Li空位引起的。

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摘要 "发状念珠藻(Nostoc flagelliforme Born. Et Flah.),俗名发菜,是生长于干旱、半干旱土壤表面的陆生蓝藻,具有极强的抗旱能力。发菜光合作用方面的研究大多处于整体细胞水平,且研究手段非常有限。本实验对发菜光合特征进行深入研究,并探讨了发菜在干湿交替过程中能量传递的变化情况。 叶绿素和藻胆素是发菜细胞中两种主要的光合色素。发菜复水后光合活性完全恢复时,在室温(20℃)或低温(77K)下,其绝大部分的荧光是由于藻胆素被激发而产生。在室温下,大部分荧光来自藻胆体;当叶绿素被激发后,产生的荧光非常微弱。在低温下,藻胆素被激发后,荧光发射光谱中可分辨出藻胆蛋白、光系统Ⅰ和光系统Ⅱ的发射峰;叶绿素被激发后,荧光发射光谱包括光系统Ⅰ和光系统Ⅱ的荧光。相比之下,室温荧光发射光谱不适于用做发菜细胞光合作用方面的研究。 我们设计了一种新方法,从野生发菜细胞中分离得到类囊体膜及细胞质膜,并对其性质进行分析。发菜细胞外复杂的胶质结构使得现有破碎其它蓝藻细胞的方法无法破碎发菜细胞。通过实验发现,联合使用细胞破碎仪和毛地黄皂甙(0.3%)可有效破碎发菜细胞;并且毛地黄皂甙在低浓度下(≦0.5%),对色素与蛋白的结合不会造成破坏作用。随后,通过蔗糖密度梯度离心可将细胞质膜与类囊体膜分离。发菜类囊体膜的光谱性质与其它蓝藻相似。细胞质膜除结合有类胡萝卜素外,还结合有少量叶绿素前体。类囊体膜和细胞质膜膜脂及脂肪酸组成相似。其中,十六碳烯酸[16:1(9)]和亚麻酸[18:3(9,12,15)]是含量最高的两种脂肪酸,分别占总脂肪酸含量的三分之一左右。高含量的多不饱和脂肪酸可能和发菜极强的抗旱能力有关。 我们首次对发菜捕光色素蛋白复合物-藻胆体的组成和结构进行分析。发菜藻胆体为“3核+6杆”的半圆盘结构。组成藻胆体的藻胆蛋白包括藻蓝蛋白和别藻蓝蛋白。两个藻蓝蛋白六聚体通过连接肽组成藻胆体的“杆”结构。在“杆”结构中等量分布着两条连接肽(分子量分别为29kDa和34kDa)为杆连接肽和核杆连接肽。而“核”结构中核膜连接肽的分子量为103kDa。 发菜在无霜期,几乎每天经历一次复水-干燥过程:夜间的结露使发菜在黑暗中复水,而清晨太阳升起后,在光照下迅速失水进入休眠状态。我们研究了发菜在黑暗中的复水过程及在光照下失水过程中藻胆体与光系统能量传递的变化情况。发菜在黑暗中复水后,光系统Ⅱ活性无法恢复。藻胆体内及藻胆体与光系统Ⅰ的能量传递在5分钟内恢复;而藻胆体与光系统Ⅱ的能量传递只能部分恢复。我们设想,发菜在复水过程中通过双扳机-水和光-控制光合活性的恢复,以及在黑暗中部分恢复藻胆体与光系统Ⅱ的能量传递,将减少不必要的能量消耗与通过光合作用储备尽可能多的化学能-这两个生存策略有机的结合起来。发菜在光照下的失水过程中,光合活性在含水量降至90%前基本保持稳定,随后迅速下降。而在含水量达到150%后,藻胆体内的能量传递便开始受到抑制,并且随着含水量的降低,该抑制现象逐步加剧。这样,发菜在干燥过程中,通过抑制藻胆体内的能量传递,减少了传递到光系统Ⅱ反应中心的能量,从而避免了在光合活性下降过程中过剩光能对光系统Ⅱ产生的破坏作用。"

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本发明涉及一种电子辐射涂层固化轻质镁水泥板及其加工工艺;该产品是以镁水泥板为基质,在其上刷涂涂层后经电子辐射固化;其涂层是由改性不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧丙烯酸酯树脂、三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯、苯乙烯、1,6-己二醇二丙烯酸酯、添加剂、颜料组成;其加工工艺是将水泥板表面用胶液喷涂后,再在其上涂涂层,然后在加速上辐照即可;本发明制备的镁水泥板保温、机械强度高、表面光洁度高、耐水洗、耐污、耐腐蚀,且其工艺节能、无污染。

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在各种真核生物核基因组中,存在一些由线粒体基因组转移进入核基因组中的DNA片段,这些被认为是分子化石的片段叫做线粒体核内插入序列(Numt).由于Numt与真实的线粒体序列高度相似,因此它的存在必然会成为PCR扩增线粒体DNA的不利因素.利用已经公布的家马(Equus caballus)基因组序列(2007年9月公布,GenBank登录号为NC 009144--NC 009175)对家马Numt进行了深入分析,其发现200个可能的Numt,长度范围为29到3727bp,其中有10个的长度大于800bp.分析结果显示由于不存在线粒体控制区域的疑似Numt,因此对基于此区域的群体遗传学研究不会产生影响.本研究还发现在家马进化过程中,第1号和27号染色体更倾向于接受线粒体序列的转移.以上结果将为今后马科动物的研究提供重要的参考信息,有助于避免在线粒体DNA研究中由于Numt污染的存在而得出错误的实验结果.

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对酵母中高效转录和低效转录基因内含子序列寡核苷酸使用情况的对照分析,显示两类内含子的序列结构有差异,并且高效转录基因内含子序列含有较多潜在的转录因子结合位点,由此推测内含子可能参与基因转录的调控。这个结论有待更多的数据证实。对内含子和外显子在两组基因序列中的分布(长度、位置等)进行详细比较分析后显示,高效转录基因内含子和低效转录基因内含子的长度有比较明显的界限。两组基因中外显子长度的均值虽然有些差异,却没有明显的界限。基因序列长度与外显子长度的情况相似。虽然内含子的相对位置在两类基因中都很靠近5^端,但是从实际位置看,高效转录基因中比较多的内含子很靠近基因的5^端,有些则位于5^-UTR区域。这些结果提示,基因的转录效率与内含子的长度有关,与外显子及基因序列的长度无关,内含子的位置也可能影响转录效率,内含子对基因转录的调控可能与基因上游的转录调控有关联,或者是上游调控的延续。

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A comparative analysis on the intron sequence oligonucleotide usages in two sets of yeast genes with higher and lower transcription frequencies, respectively, has shown that the intron sequence structures of the two sets of genes are different. There are more potential binding sites for transcription factors in the introns of the genes with high transcription frequencies. So it is speculated that introns regulate the transcription of genes. But more evidences are needed to favor this speculation. The detailed comparative analyses on the distribution ( length and position) of introns and exons in the two sets of gene sequences also show that there is an obvious boundary between the lengths of the two sets of introns. There is no boundary between the lengths of the two sets of exons, although the means of their lengths are of discrepancy. The situation of the gene lengths ( length of intron and exon) is similar to exon lengths. As far as the relative position, the introns in two sets of genes all have a bias toward the 5' ends of genes. But as the actual position is considered, more introns in high transcription genes have a tendency to be located toward the 5' ends of genes, some even located at 5'-UTR. These results suggest that the gene transcription rates are related to the length of intron, but not to the lengths of exons and genes sequences. The positions of introns may also influence the transcription rates. The transcriptional regulation of introns may be correlative with the transcriptional regulation of the upstream of genes, or be its continuous action.

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采用间歇法(batch method)研究柠檬酸对高岭石溶解的影响。结果表明:低浓度(0.02mmolL-1)柠檬酸可促进高岭石中Ca2+、Mg2+、Na+少量的释放。当柠檬酸浓度分别为1.0mmolL-1和8mmolL-1时,Ca2+,Mg2+,K+,Na+,Si,Al3+阳离子的释放量也相应地增加。释放的Ca2+、Mg2+主要来自高岭石表面的吸附,而Na+、K+则来自高岭石的溶解。