266 resultados para RF


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石英晶体微天平(QCM)具有高灵敏度检测质量变化的特点,在电化学、分析化学以及生物化学等研究领域都有广泛的应用。特别是电化学石英晶体微天平体(EQCM),已经成为电化学研究的一种有力手段。本人在工作期间应用QCM/EQCM进行了如下研究:首次提出了云母作为QCM石英晶振新型表面材料的设想,并成功地制成云母-石英晶振子,其在气相、液相中可以正党起振。在液相中,应用此云母石英晶振检测了DNA(pCAT)在云母表面的吸附过程。并与原子力显微镜(AFM)联用观察了DNA在云母表面吸附的物理图象;直接证明了二价锰离子在DNA吸附于云母表面过程中的固定作用。研究了水相中2-巯基苯并咪唑的电化学氧化过程,考察了pH值,浓度的影响。应用EQCM监测了此氧化成膜的过程。结果表明此反应为一电子过程。并结合表面光电子能谱(XPS)对此氧化膜进行了初步表征。应用EQCM研究了核黄素RF在金电极度上的吸附行为和电化学行为。考查了pH值、浓度和扫速对RF的吸附行为和电化学行为的影响。在pH ≤ 9.71下得到可逆的循环伏安图;而pH > 9.71时RF不发生电化学反应;最大电流响应在pH = 8.0。当RF浓度小于1.0 * 10~(-4)mol/L(pH = 6.92)时,电流与扫速平方根成正比关系,相反,浓度大于此值则电流与扫速成正比关系。在辅酶Q_0水溶液的电化学研究中,由伏安曲线得到Q_0的电位~pH图,并以此分析了不同pH值下的Q_0的存在形式,求算了Q_0的酸解常数。研究还表明了辅酶Q_0在金电极上的吸附行为随pH的变化而不同。另外还应用EQCM研究了多晶金电极度在盐酸中的阳极度溶解行为,证明此过程是三电子过程。并发现生物素具有抑制金电极度阳极度溶解的作用。

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I不同等离子气体对辉光放电聚合物淀积速率的影响 采用H_2、He、N_2、O_2和Ar作为等离子气体,在外部电极电容耦合式反应器中进行了六甲基环三硅氧烷和丙烯的等离子体聚合反应。实验结果表明,这两类性质完全不同的单体在不同等离子气体中聚合时,聚合物淀积速率的大小顺序和八氟环丁烷单体时一样,显示出某种规律性,按淀积速率大小排列,都有He > Ar,H_2 > N_2 > O_2。用磁撞理论解释这种规律时,发现等离子气体分子的质量是影响聚合物淀积速率的主要因素,计算结果和实验结果有好的一致性。II反应参数对六甲基环三硅氧烷辉光放电聚合反应规律及聚合物结构和性能的影响 采用外部电容耦合式RF辉光放电装置进行了六甲基环三硅氧烷的等离子体聚合,用IR、XPS、PGC/MS等方法对聚合物结构进行了表征,并推断了聚合反应历程。观察到使用H_2和O_2为等离子气体时,聚合物的C/Si比较高,并证实这是由于聚合物内存在较多短碳链的结果。从IR、ESR和PGC/MS结果,推断了聚合反应按三种历程进行。TG测试表明,使用惰性等离子气体或者升高放电功率可以使聚合物的热稳定性得到改进。本文还测定了聚合膜对水的接触角,并计算了聚合物的表面能,结果表明在H_2和惰性气体中制备的聚合膜有好的疏水性。III在反应性气体N_2和NH_3中D_3的辉光放电聚合反应 采用N_2和NH_3为等离子气体,在外部电极电容耦合式RF辉光放电装置中进行了六甲基环三硅氧烷的等离子体聚合。用IR、XPS等方法对聚合物结构进行了表征,并推断了N_2和NH_3参加聚合反应的机构。结果表明,N在聚合物中的存在形式为C = NH,随D_3/NH_3比的减小,聚合物的N含量增大,Si-H基团增多。在含氮气体中制备的膜都具有对基质的好的附着性。另外,本工作还进行了聚合物的热失重分析,测定了聚合物对水的接触角,计算了聚合物的表面能,结果表明,在NH_3中制备的聚合膜都具有好的疏水性。IV六甲基环三硅氧烷等离子体聚合膜的应用 在结构研究的基础上,本文讨论了六甲基环三硅氧烷等离子体聚合膜的某些应用,如耐热膜,绝缘膜等,重点讨论了在钟罩式RF辉光放电装置中制备的D_3等离子体聚合复合膜在气体分离方面的应用。结果表明,选择适当的条件可以合成耐热温度达300 ℃,对水的接触角超过100°,电阻系数达10~(19)数量级,以及α > 2,Jo_2在10~(-5)数量级的膜。光进行预处理,后进行等离子体聚合同样可以制得α > 2,Jo_2在10~(-5)数量级的气体分离膜。V等离子体聚合和等离子体曝露聚合对产物结构的影响 在外部平行板式电极的反应装置中进行了六甲基环三硅氧烷和八甲基环四硅氧烷的等离子体曝露聚合反应,并将反得聚合物与相应的等离子体聚合物作了比较。结果表明,两种单体都不能进行后聚合反应,未找出离子历程的证据,与此相反,在结构研究的基础上,提出了自由基历程,给前几部分的历程推导予以了支持。等离子体聚合为原子聚合,而等离子体曝露聚合中只有一部分为原子聚合,等离子体曝露聚合制备的产物的热稳定性比等离子体聚合物差,但线性较好。在非辉光区和弱辉光区可以制备近似结性的聚合物。本工作绝大部分内容还未有文献报导,其中I、III、IV部分还未有文献报导。

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I、等离子体聚合TCNQ、TCNE薄膜采用内部电极、电容耦合式、钟罩型RF等离子体聚合装置,在不同的放电功率下,首次进行了TCNQ(四氰基二甲苯醌)、TCNE(四氰基乙烯)的等离子体聚合,并利用红外光谱(IR)、紫外光谱(UV)、元素分析、X线光电子能谱(XPS)对所得聚合物的化学结构进行了表征。结果表明,在TCNQ、TCNE的等离子体聚合物中存在着较大范围的π电子共轭结构体系。通过对其聚合物薄膜的电学性能研究结果发现,随聚合反应条件不同,所制得的聚合物膜电导率在10~(-10)~ 10~(-6)scm~(-1)范围内变化,并且发现这种等离子体聚合膜具有典型的p-型半导体特征,由这些等离子体聚合物薄膜制备的Al电极/聚合物膜/ITO电极夹层元件,在无光照射的暗状态时,都具有较优良的单向导电的整流特性,并且在白色光的照射下,能够产生光生电动势而显示出较好的光电转换特性。另外,这种聚合物薄膜还具有一定的光电导性。本实验通过研究放电功率对等离子体聚合物化学结构的影响时发现,在较低放电功率时,有利于聚合物中较大范围的π电子共轭结构体系的形成。相应的聚合物膜电学性能研究表明,在较低放电功率下制得的聚合物膜具有更优良的电学性能,如在5W低放电功率下制得的TCNQ聚合物薄膜的电导率可达10~(-6)scm~(-1),并且由其制备的夹层元件显示出优良的整流特性,当在白色光照射下,光电转换效率可高达10~(-3)%, 这在目前有机太阳能电池研究中,也属相当优良的有机光电转换材料之列。II、起始单体的化学结构对聚合物膜的结构及电学性质影响利用与I同样的实验方法,选用了一些具有不同化学结构的含氰基有机化合物为起始单体[TCNQ、TCNB(四氰基苯)、邻苯二甲腈、TCNE、二氨基马来腈、乙腈],进行了等离子体聚合,并研究了起始单体结构对聚合物化学结构及电学性质的影响。结果表明,含苯环的氰基化合物在等离子体聚合过程中,具有大π电子共轭结构的苯环保持较好,并能够通过打开C≡N三键向更大范围延续,结果导致相应的等离子体聚合物膜具有较高的电导率,并且由这些聚合物膜制备的Al/聚合物膜/ITO夹层元件显示出优良的整流特性和光电转换性能。相反,当起始单体中的H原子含量较高时,就会导致相应聚合物中π电子共轭链段较短,相应的聚合物也就显示出较差的电学性质。另外,为提高等离子体聚合膜的电学性能,还进行了TCNQ与铜的乙酰丙酮络合物(CuAA)的等离子体共聚合,结果发现聚合膜电学性能明显改善。III、在辉光放电中乙腈等离子体聚合反应历程的研究采用外部电极、电容耦合式、管状RF等离子体聚合装置,在不同放电功率下,不同等离子气体以及不同等离子气体/单体比的反应条件下进行了等离子体聚合。通过考察聚合物膜的淀积规律和红外光谱测试与元素分析提供的聚合物化学结构数据,研究了乙腈在辉光放电中的聚合反应历程。实验结果表明,在低能量下,乙腈的等离子体聚合主要是通过脱氢引发进行的,而在高能量下,通过打开C≡N三键而进行聚合的几率将增大。

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胚胎干细胞(embryonic stem cells, ES 细胞)起源于着床前胚胎内的细胞群,对 鼠ES 细胞研究已经有20 多年,但直到1998 年才首次报道从人的胚胎中获得ES 细胞,2006 年本实验室从兔体外受精胚胎的内细胞团分离建立了兔胚胎干细胞 系RF。ES 细胞是能在体外长期培养,高度未分化的全能细胞系,可在适合的条 件下分化为胎儿或成体的各种类型的组织细胞。根据这一特性,它们可用于再生 细胞或组织移植。胚胎干细胞的成功冻存是其应用于临床的前提。成功的冻存是 在冷冻、解冻和复苏培养过程中,细胞具有较高的存活率,且仍能保持胚胎干细 胞的自我更新和全能性的特性。目前除了小鼠ES 细胞用常规慢速冷冻方法可以 达到95%以上的未分化集落复苏率外(Yao & Yuan, 2005),其它物种尤其是灵长 类的许多ES 细胞系用常规慢速冷冻方法的复苏率极低,极大地限制了这些细胞 的临床应用。为提高兔胚胎干细胞RF 在慢速冷冻中的保存效果, 本研究比较了 二甲基亚砜(DMSO)和乙二醇(ethylene glycol,EG)对兔胚胎干细胞冷冻保护效 果。对冷冻复苏后的细胞进行台盼蓝染色,并研究其胚胎干细胞的分子特性,结 果表明, DMSO 比EG 具有更好的冷冻保护效果。再在以10% DMSO 为基础的 防冻液中添加膜稳定剂海藻糖或谷氨酰胺,细胞冷冻复苏后结果显示, 谷氨酰胺 对兔胚胎干细胞有明显的冷冻保护作用,使细胞存活率从71%提高到83.7%。当 谷氨酰胺浓度为0、5、10、20、40mmol/L 分别加入防冻液中后,20mmol/L 的 谷氨酰胺具有最佳的冷冻保护效果。以上结果得出兔胚胎干细胞慢速冷冻的防冻 液改进配方为:胚胎干细胞培养液中添加10% DMSO+20 mmol/L 谷氨酰胺.

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The Pb-doped BiSrCaCuO superconducting films were grown by the single source mixed evaporation technique. The microbridges of dimensions 50 mum x 40 mum were fabricated by standard photolithography technologies. Si films with a thickness of 2500 angstrom were deposited on the microbridge area surfaces of BiPbSrCaCuO superconducting films by rf-magnetron sputtering. A greatly lowered zero resistance temperature of the microbridge area of the BiPbSrCaCuO film after Si sputtering was found. A non-linear effect of the current-voltage (I-V) characteristics at 78 K was shown. The high-frequency capacitance-voltage (C-V) curve of this structure at 78 K was symmetrical with the maximum capacitance at V = 0, and the capacitance decreased with increasing applied bias voltage. Afl experimental results are discussed.

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Films of GaN have been grown using a modified MBE technique in which the active nitrogen is supplied from an RF plasma source. Wurtzite films grown on (001) oriented GaAs substrates show highly defective, ordered polycrystalline growth with a columnar structure, the (0001) planes of the layers being parallel to the (001) planes of the GaAs substrate. Films grown using a coincident As flux, however, have a single crystal zinc-blende growth mode. They have better structural and optical properties. To improve the properties of the wurtzite films we have studied the growth of such films on (111) oriented GaAs and GaP substrates. The improved structural properties of such films, assessed using X-ray and TEM method, correlate with better low-temperature FL.

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A zero-pole cancellation transimpedance amplifier (TIA) has been realized in 0.35 μm RF CMOS tech nology for Gigabit Ethernet applications. The TIA exploits a zero-pole cancellation configuration to isolate the input parasitic capacitance including photodiode capacitance from bandwidth deterioration. Simulation results show that the proposed TIA has a bandwidth of 1.9 GHz and a transimpedance gain of 65 dB·Ω for 1.5 pF photodiode capaci tance, with a gain-bandwidth product of 3.4 THz·Ω. Even with 2 pF photodiode capacitance, the bandwidth exhibits a decline of only 300 MHz, confirming the mechanism of the zero-pole cancellation configuration. The input resis tance is 50 Ω, and the average input noise current spectral density is 9.7 pA/(Hz)~(1/2). Testing results shows that the eye diagram at 1 Gb/s is wide open. The chip dissipates 17 mW under a single 3.3 V supply.

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Er-doped silicon-rich silicon nitride (SRN) films were deposited on silicon substrate by an RF magnetron reaction sputtering system. After high temperature annealing, the films show intense photoluminescence in both the visible and infrared regions. Besides broad-band luminescence centered at 780 nm which originates from silicon nanocrystals, resolved peaks due to transitions from all high energy levels up to ~2H_(11/2) to the ground state of Er~(3+) are observed. Raman spectra and HRTEM measurements have been performed to investigate the structure of the films, and possible excitation processes are discussed.

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利用射频等离子体辅助分子束外延(RF-MBE)技术在蓝宝石衬底上外延了铝铟镓氮(AlInGaN)四元合金,通过改变Al源的束流生长了不同组分的AlInGaN四元合金,材料生长过程中采用反射式高能电子衍射(RHEED)进行了在位检测.通过扫描电镜(SEM)、卢瑟福背散射(RBS)、X射线衍射(XRD)和阴极荧光(CL)等测试手段表征了AlInGaN四元合金的结构和光学特性.研究结果表明:在GaN层上生长AlInGaN外延层时,外延膜呈二维生长;当铝炉的温度为920℃时,外延AlInGaN四元合金外延薄膜中Al/In接近4.7,X射线衍射摇摆曲线的半高宽最小为5arcmin,四元合金的阴极荧光发光峰的半高宽为25nm,AlInGaN四元合金外延层具有较好的晶体质量和光学质量.

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This paper presents a wide tuning range CMOS frequency synthesizer for a dual-band GPS receiver,which has been fabricated in a standard 0.18μm RF CMOS process. With a high Q on-chip inductor, the wide-band VCO shows a tuning range from 2 to 3.6GHz to cover 2.45 and 3.14GHz in case of process corner or temperature variation,with a current consumption varying accordingly from 0.8 to 0.4mA,from a 1.8V supply voltage. Measurement results show that the whole frequency synthesizer consumes very low power of 5.6mW working at L1 band with in-band phase noise less than - 82dBc/Hz and out-of-band phase noise about - ll2dBc/Hz at 1MHz offset from a 3. 142GHz carrier. The performance of the frequency synthesizer meets the requirements of GPS applications very well.

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Si-rich silicon oxide films were deposited by RF magnetron sputtering onto composite Si/SiO2 targets. After annealed at different temperature, the silicon oxide films embedded with silicon nanocrystals were obtained. The photoluminescenee(PL) from the silicon oxide films embedded with silicon nanocrystals was observed at room temperature. The strong peak is at 360 nm, its position is independent of the annealing temperature. The origin of the 360-nm PL in the silicon oxide films embedded with silicon nanoerystals was discussed.

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We analyze a wide-band,high-linearity down-conversion mixer for cable receptions that is implemented in 0. 35μm SiGe BiCMOS technology. The bandwidth of the RF (radio frequency) input covers the range from 1 to 1.8GHz. The measured input power at the - 1dB compression point of the mixer reaches + 14.23dBm. The highest voltage conversion gain is 8. 31dB, while the lowest noise figure is 19.4dB. The power consumed is 54mW with a 5V supply. The test result of the down-conversion mixer is outlined.

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A multi-finger structure power SiGe HBT device (with an emitter area of about 166μm^2) is fabricated with very simple 2μm double-mesa technology. The DC current gain β is 144.25. The B-C junction breakdown voltage reaches 9V with a collector doping concentration of 1 × 10^17cm^-3 and a collector thickness of 400nm. Though our data are influenced by large additional RF probe pads, the device exhibits a maximum oscillation frequency fmax of 10.1GHz and a cut-off frequency fτ of 1.8GHz at a DC bias point of IC=10mA and VCE = 2.5V.

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采用x射线小角散射(SAXS)技术研究了由射频等离子体增强化学气相沉积(rf-PECVD)、热丝化学气相沉积(HWCVD)和等离子体助热丝化学气相沉积(PE-HWCVD)技术制备的微晶硅(μc-Si:H)薄膜的微结构.实验发现,在相同晶态比的情况下,PECVD沉积的μc-Si:H薄膜微空洞体积比小,结构较致密,HWCVD沉积的μ-Si:H薄膜微空洞体积比大,结构较为疏松,PE-HWCVD沉积的μc-Si:H薄膜,由于等离子体的敲打作用,与HWCVD样品相比,微结构得到明显改善.采用HWCVD二步法和PE-HWCVD加适量Ar离子分别沉积μc-Si:H薄膜,实验表明,微结构参数得到了进一步改善.45°倾角的SAXS测量显示,不同方法制备的μc-Si:H薄膜中微空洞分布都呈各向异性.红外光谱测量也证实了SAXS的结果.

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介绍了RF c0