217 resultados para 299.992
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介绍了生物质气化与废弃物焚烧联合发电技术项目,确定了该项目经济效益的评价指标,定量计算了项目的投资回收期、净现值和内部收益率。同时还对燃料费用、上网电价和固定资产变化引起的敏感性进行分析。结果表明,该联合发电技术的动态投资回收期为9.05a,净现值为2770万元,内部收益率为15.82%,三个经济指标均符合行业标准。从经济角度看是完全可行的。
The item of the biomass gasification and waste incineration combined power was briefly introduced in the paper. The eyaluation index for the economic benefit of this combined power technology was confirmed. The pay back period, net present value and internal rate of return were quantitatively calculated. In addition, sensitivity of evaluation index arose by fuel cost, distribution electricity price and fixed assets was analyzed. The result point out that from the view of economy this combined power technology is feasible because its evaluation index accord with standard of electric industry.
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为了了解植被恢复过程土壤水库特征的变化及其驱动因子,为半干旱典型草原区植被恢复的土壤环境效应提供评价依据,研究了宁南半干旱典型草原区植被恢复80 a对土壤水库库容、实际贮水量和贮水效率的影响及驱动因子。结果表明:土壤水库总库容、吸持库容、实际贮水量、贮水效率以及土壤物理性质均在草原植被恢复25 a内不断提高,经37 a略微下降后随植被演替土壤水库特征和土壤物理性质继续改善。通过逐步回归分析,容重、有机质含量和水稳性团聚体分形维数是影响土壤水库总库容的主要因子,毛管孔隙度则是影响土壤实际贮水量和贮水效率的主要因子。土壤有机质含量与容重、分形维数呈显著负相关(P<0.05),与毛管孔隙度呈极显著正相关(P<0.01)。植被恢复促使有机质积累,从而改善了土壤结构状况,提高了土壤土壤贮水能力、贮水量和贮水效率。可以认为土壤有机质积累是土壤水库功能提高的直接动力。
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毛细管电泳在生命科学,生物技术,医学药物和环境保护中显示了极其重要的应用前景,也被认为是人类进入纳米技术时代的一种富有重要潜在价值的手段。具有高效、快速,耗样量小等特点。而安培电化学恰恰适合毛细管电泳对检测器的要求。毛细管电泳-安培检测法在多方面发挥着不可忽视的作用。本文用此方法进行了一些分析。1. 毛细管区带电泳柱端安培检测抗癌药物巯嘌呤 报道了一种高效快速检测抗癌药物巯嘌呤的方法-毛细管区带电泳柱端安培检测。优化了检测条件,考察了巯嘌呤的电化学行为。在15kV电压下进样3s,在此电压下进行电泳分离,背景电解质为10mmol/L Na_2HPO_4,1.2V检测时,此药物的检测限为1 * 10~(-7)mol/L,线性范围为5 * 10~(-4)-5 * 10~(-6)mol/L,相关系数为0.995,重现性良好。并用该法检测了人体尿样及牛血清蛋白中的巯嘌呤,本工作具有一定的临床意义。2. 毛备管区带电泳柱端安培分离分析多种抗癌药物 通过毛细管区带电泳柱端安培检测法对8-氮鸟嘌呤,5-氟尿嘧啶,6-巯嘌呤,氨甲喋呤和6-硫鸟嘌呤五种抗癌药物进行了灵敏,高效,迅速的分离检测。实验采用33μm的碳纤维盘电极,在20min内分离检测了此五种药物的混合物。在1.2V的检测电位下,五种药物的线性范围超过了三个数量级,相关系数是0.992,这五种药物的检测限依次为5,3,5,9和5 * 10~(-7)mol/L。3. 三种噻唑衍生物的毛细管电泳安培分析 在碳纤维电极上检测三种噻唑衍生物,2-氨基噻唑,2-氨基苯并噻唑和2-巯基苯并噻唑。对应检测限分别为2.0,0.013,0.025 * 10~(-6)mol/L。它们的线性范围较宽,相关系数均在0.9995以上。分别考察了缓冲液pH值及其浓度,分离电压对电泳分离效果的影响,还对实际样品进行了分析。此工作具有一定的实用意义。
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本文介绍中科院昆明动物研究所研制的“两栖爬行动物资源信息管理系统”和用此系统建立的昆明动物研究所两栖爬行标本及中国两爬类物种分布信息库。
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Residual defects in the overlayer of fully annealed SIMOX material have been studied by means of a chemical etching technique. The etching procedure has been calibrated and an optimum recipe is reported. Observations using optical microscopy and transmission electron microscopy have been used to quantify the defect densities and good agreement between the two techniques has been established, confirming that the optimised chemical etching process can be used with confidence to determine the dislocation density for values < 10(7) cm-2.
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采用MOCVD技术在蓝宝石衬底(0001)面上生长了GaN外延膜,利用原子力显微镜AFM、扫描电镜SEM分析了薄膜表面形貌,利用纳米压痕仪和UMT试验机考察了GaN膜的硬度、临界载荷以及摩擦学性能等。结果表明,薄膜以二维模式均匀生长,表面平整,硬度达22.1MPa,弹性模量为299.5GPa,与衬底结合紧密,临界载荷达1.6N,与GCr15钢球对磨时摩擦系数仅为0.13,与Si3N4陶瓷球摩擦时膜很快就磨穿。
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初步设计14xx nm锥形增益区脊形波导量子阱激光器材料和器件结构,利用MOCVD生长14xx nm In—GaAsP/InP量子阱激光器外延片,引入腔破坏凹槽(cavity—spoiling grooves)将有源层刻蚀断以隔离从锥形区反向传输回的高阶模,进一步改善远场光束质量.保持总腔长1900μm不变,改变脊形区的长度,其长度分别为450,700和950μm.对比三种情况的最高输出功率和远场特性,发现L_(RW)=700μm时,器件特性参数和远场光柬质量最优,斜率效率为0.32W/A,饱和输出功率为1.21W,其远场为近衍射极限的高斯分布,发散角为29°×9.6°.当固定脊形区长度为700μm,改变锥形区长度,发现当锥形区长度为1000μm时,器件特性参数进一步提高,斜率效率达0.328W/A,饱和输出功率为1.27W,远场仍为近似高斯分布.
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纳米电子器件RTD与CMOS电路结合,这种新型电路不仅保持了CMOS动态电路的所有优点,而且在工作速度、功耗、集成度以及电路噪声免疫性方面都得到了不同程度的改善和提高。文中对数字电路中比较典型的可编程逻辑门、全加器电路进行了设计与模拟,并在此基础上对4*4阵列纳米流水线乘法器进行了结构设计。同时讨论了在目前硅基RTD器件较低的PVCR值情况下实现相应电路的可行性。
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在已有的分布反馈激光器的电路模型中引入位相回路,从而使这种电路模型能够携带出射光的位相信息,进而反映激光器的啁啾特性.对修正后的模型进行仿真,结果与已报道的结果十分吻合.进一步将这种带位相回路的激光器模型与电吸收调制器的电路模型相结合,构成分布反馈激光器与电吸收调制器集成光源的等效电路模型.该模型同时考虑了激光器与调制器之间的电耦合.这种由于隔离电阻不够大而导致的电耦合将导致激光器激射波长发生漂移,即产生啁啾.通过对电路模型进行仿真,给出不同隔离电阻时的啁啾特性曲线,并对啁啾大小与隔离电阻的关系进行讨论.结果显示了集成光源相比于直接调制激光器在啁啾特性方面的显著改善.
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低温下,测量了InGaAs量子阱平面微腔的时间分辨光谱。在非共振激发条件下,观察到上下两支腔极化激元光荧光衰退时间与失谐无关;下支腔极化激元光荧光的上升时间也与失谐无关;而上支腔极化激元光荧光的上升时间却与失谐有强烈的依赖关系,随着从负失谐到正失谐的增加,上升时间逐渐减小。对实验结果的物理根源进行了讨论。
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A systematic study of electron cyclotron resonance (CR) in two sets of GaAs/Al0.3Ga0.7As modulation-doped quantum-well samples (well widths between 12 and 24 nm) has been carried out in magnetic fields up to 30 T. Polaron CR is the dominant transition in the region of GaAs optical phonons for the set of lightly doped samples, and the results are in good agreement with calculations that include the interaction with interface optical phonons. The results from the heavily doped set are markedly different. At low magnetic fields (below the GaAs reststrahlen region), all three samples exhibit almost identical CR which shows little effect of the polaron interaction due to screening and Pauli-principle effects. Above the GaAs LO-phonon region (B > similar to 23 T), the three samples behave very differently. For the most lightly doped sample (3 x 10(11) cm(-2)) only one transition minimum is observed, which can be explained as screened polaron CR. A sample of intermediate density (6 x 10(11) cm(-2)) shows two lines above 23 T; the higher frequency branch is indistinguishable from the positions of the single line of the low density sample. For the most heavily, doped sample (1.2 x 10(12) cm(-2)) there is no evidence of high frequency resonance, and the strong, single line observed is indistinguishable from the lower branch observed from sample with intermediate doping density. We suggest that the low frequency branch in our experiment is a magnetoplasmon resonance red-shifted by disorder, and the upper branch is single-particle-like screened polaron CR. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.